the cute project in stcp

STCP

Rocha Teixeira

Rocha Teixeira

The CUTE project in STCP

STCP’s Short history

• 1872 – First line with American cars

• 1878 – Use of steam power traction

• 1895 – 1ª line with electric tramway in all Iberian Peninsula

• 1904 – End of animal traction

• 1914 – End of steam traction

• 1948 – Begin of buses utilization

• 1959 – Begin of trolley buses utilization

• 2000 – Begin of CNG buses utilization

• 2003 – Test of Fuel Cell buses

STCP

Rocha Teixeira

Porto Metropolitan AreaPorto Metropolitan Area

Demography:

MATOSINHOS

PORTO

VALONGO

GONDOMAR

GAIA

inhabitants/Ha]0,10]

]10,30]

]60,100]

]30,60]

>100

Total Population1,256 (103)

PÓVOA DOVARZIM

VILA DOCONDE

MAIA

ESPINHO

PASSENGERS

109 million

VEHICLE-KILOMETRES TRAVELLED

30 million

NET REVENUE FROM TRAFFIC

46.7 million Euros

The Company in FiguresThe Company in FiguresActivityActivity

STCP

Rocha Teixeira

AREA COVERED 6 Councils52 Communities

NETWORK KM 533

STOPS 2,712

NUMBER OF LINES 83

Buses 80Trams 3

The Company in FiguresThe Company in FiguresNetworkNetwork

NUMBER OF VEHICLES 501Buses 493Trams 8

TOTAL STAFF ATDECEMBER 31ST, 2007 1,645

EQUITY CAPITAL 79.6 million Euros

INVESTMENTS 25 million Euros

The Company in FiguresThe Company in FiguresResourcesResources

STCP

Rocha Teixeira

Bus fleet - 493 Standard buses - 463 (225 CNG buses) Articulated buses - 30 (CNG buses)

Annual diesel consumption - 6,9 million litres (2007)

Annual NG consumption - 9,1 million m³ (2007)

The Company in FiguresThe Company in FiguresBus FleetBus Fleet

CCleanlean UUrbanrban TTransportransport forfor EEuropeurope

DGTTCOFUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

The use of hydrogenThe CUTE project

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



� Lack of field experience with fuel cell systems and electric engines in mobile applications

� Operability of on-site hydrogen production facilities and referring high pressure filling stations

� Country specific certification of fuel cell systems and high pressure hydrogen storage systems

� Acceptance tests of the new technology and of hydrogen as a fuel

Why – CUTE: Needs for the Fuel Cell Technology



CUTE

� Public transportation:

StockholmLondonAmsterdamLuxembourgHamburgStuttgartPortoBarcelonaMadrid

� EU� BP, Shell, ...� DC/EvoBus� and many more

ECTOS

� Icelandic NewEnergy

� EU� Shell, � NorskHydro� DC/EvoBus� and many more

Vision: Clean and quiet urban transport.

Each city is operating three

Mercedes-Benz Fuel Cell Citaro

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



ECTOS

� Icelandic NewEnergy

� EU� Shell, � NorskHydro� DC/EvoBus� and many more

CUTE� 9 Public

transportationagencies

� BP, Shell, ...� DC/EvoBus� and many more

� Western AustralianGovernment

� BP, BOC� Path Transit� DC/EvoBus� and many more

STEP

Perth

� CICETE/MOST� UNDP� BP� DC/EvoBus� and many more

BeijingFC Trial

Beijing

Vision: Clean and quiet urban transport.

Each city is operating three

Mercedes-Benz Fuel Cell Citaro



The CUTE partners companies

DaimlerChrysler

Ballard Power Systems

Shell Hydrogen

bp

HHA Hamburg

TMB Barcelona

EMT Madrid

GVB Amsterdam

London Transport

AVL Luxembourg

SSB StuttgartSL Stockholm

STCP PortoINE ReykjavikNorsk Hydro

First Group

HamburgerElektrizitätswerke

Busslink

MilieudienstAmsterdam

EvoBus

EvoBus

Environment & Health Protection

agency

Xcellsis

NeckarwerkeStuttgart

Air Liquide

Gas Natural

Fortum

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



Hydrogen Supply Pathways in CUTE, ECTOS and STEP



Time Schedule: CUTE / ECTOS and STEP

2001

EndSTEP

Testbus

Delivery

Integration of FC in Citaro

18 Month FC-Tests

FCE-Assembly

Decision aboutmain capital invest(infrastructure, buses)

Demonstration phase H2 generation & filling station

ContractSignature

Delivery 1 st. FC CitaroUITP Congress, Madrid

2002 2003

I III IV I II III IV I II III IVII I II III IV

2004 2006

I II III IV

2005

I II III

Delivery 3 FC Citaroto Western Australia

EC-Decision

Assembly

IV

EndEurope

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



Fuel Cell PrinciplesH2 - Hydrogen

Anode(-)

O2 -Oxygen

Catalyst

Cathode(+)

H2

Steam

ElectronsProtons

Catalyst Electrolyt (PEM Slide)

O2

H2O

H2 + 1/2 O2 -> H2O + Heat + Electric power



Citaro Fuel Cell Bus -Technical Design

Webasto AirCondition Unit

Ballard FuelCell Supply Unit

Dynetek Composite Hydrogen Tanks (350

Bar, 40 kg H2,Al-Liner, Carbon Fibre)

Auxiliary ComponentsSaminco Power Inverter, etc.

Ballard Fuel Cell Modules(> 125 kW fc gross power each)Modine Convection Cooler Unit

RoulandElectric Motor

DaimlerChrysler PTUdistribution gearcase

ZF Automatic Transmission

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



One of each city‘s fuel cell bus



Porto fuel cell bus

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



Natural Gas Bus

Diesel Euro 3 busFuel Cell Bus

Porto



sitekm/h

(per bus)

Amsterdam 18,7

Barcelona 10,3

Hamburg 16.9

London 10.3

Luxembourg 13,6

Madrid 11,0

Porto 9,5

Reykjavik 16,3

Stockholm 9,8

Stuttgart 13,2

Fuel Cell Bus Program TOTAL KILOMETERS

17%

14%

5%13%14%

9%

11%

7%4% 6%

Madrid

Hamburg

Barcelona

Reykjavik

Stuttgart

Luxembourg

Amsterdam

Stockholm

Porto

London

Fuel Cell Bus Program TOTAL HOURS

20%

10%

7%11%13%

9%

8%

9%6% 7%

Madrid

Hamburg

Barcelona

Reykjavik

Stuttgart

Luxembourg

Amsterdam

Stockholm

Porto

London

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

BAR POR MAD LON LUX HAM AVE STO REY STU AMS

Km

City

Monthly mileage per bus

Survey by the cities



Amsterdam Barcelona Hamburg Stockholm Madrid Stuttgart Lo ndon Luxembourg Porto

buses in operation since 14-12-2003 24-11-2003 16-09-2003 07-01-2004 19.06./07.08./01.10.

03

05-11-2003 13-01-2004 October '03 04-02-2004

passengers satisfied with buses

very well very well quite well very well very well very well very well very well very well

feedback from local media

ambivalent very positive

rather positive

very positive

rather positive

from rather negative to

very positive

very positive rather positive

very well

feedback from opinion leaders and decision makers

hardly any yet

positive rather positive

very positive

hardly any yet

if any, rather positive

very positive rather positive

very positive

Feedback from the public

On a “good” day up to 10.000 passengers drive on the 33 Fuel Cell Citaro

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



� steam reformers displayed considerable start-up problems;

� were expected because these are both prototypes; problems overcome meanwhile

� several issues with compressors of various suppliers and types;

� most serious: perforation of a diaphragm and dilution of bus gas cylinders

� refuelling algorithms had to be fine-tuned at several sites (software / parameter adjustments)

Experiences with H 2 Infrastructure (I)



Experiences with H 2 Infrastructure (II)

� problems with the refuelling nozzles; sorted out in co-operation with the component manufacturer

� operators are on the whole satisfied with their hydrogen supply installations (despite problems at single sites)

� difficulties that have occurred so far mainly considered as “teething problems”

� operators are satisfied with hydrogen-related adapt ations of the workshops

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



H2 supply performance

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

AMS ELEC LUX TRAI POR TRAI STU GASR AVE HAM ELEC PER TRAI REY ELEC STO ELEC MAD GASR

supply system

ratin

gs

Engineers' competence Speed of trouble shooting and solving Reliability




Filling station reliability

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

AMS LUX POR STU AVE HAM PER STO LON MAD REY

ratin

gs


STCP

Rocha Teixeira



Alenquer

LINDE Factory

Porto

STCP line



Hydrogen e.g:

Trailer,

Steam-Reformer,

Elektrolyzer

H2 7 - 20 bar

300 bar

Hydrogen storage

H2-Compressor

300 bar Bufferbundle

Dispenser

7-20 bar150 - 300 m3/ h

300 bar

150 - 300 m3/h

Bundle-Filling

Essential parts of the GH2-Fillingstation

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



H2 by e.g.:

Trailer,

Steam-Reformer,

Elekrtolyzer

H2 7 - 20 bar

250 - 300 bar

High-Booster operation

Booster-Operation

250 - 300 bar438 bar, 85°C

= 350 bar, 15°C

7 - 20 bar

150 - 300 m3/h

250 - 300 bar~ 3000 m3/h

300 bar

150 - 300 m3/h

250 - 300 bar

~ 3000 m3/h

438 bar

max 85 °C

Hydrogen-Filling by Bundle (250 - 300 bar)



Porto filling station

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



• The Fuel Cell Citaro receives a very positive feed back from both the transport companies and the passengers

• Initial problems with some vehicle components have been solved

• The Fuel Cell stacks showed very high reliability

• Decentralised hydrogen production facilities have to be improved(cheaper and more reliable) and the high pressure refuelling station need to be further developed

• “Prepare the administration/certification bodies for the hydrogentechnology”

• The complete power train of alternative driven vehicles still needs substantial efforts to gain equivalent „automotive reliability“ like actual Diesel driven vehicles

Summary / Outlook



The CUTE, ECTOS and STEP Team

STCP

Rocha Teixeira



For more information about the CUTE project

Visit our Web-Site:

www.fuel-cell-bus-club.com



Thank you for your attention !

[email protected]

the cute project in stcp

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