4th Encounter

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Bagaimana budaya tertentu melihat suatu realitas bagaimana anggota budaya tersebut melihat dunia, tempat mereka di sana dan bagaimana mereka berinteraksi dengan dunia itu.

Sendiri VS bersama-samaMuda VS tua

Memuja dunia VS merusak duniaMaterial VS hidup damai

Harus dicari jawabnya untuk memahami bagaimana orang dari budaya lain berkomunikasiwww.akurnews.com

Kita tidak cukup tahu bahwa:Bow VS Shaking handsValue silence VS Value talk

What motivate them??

Source what culture views the world

DEEP STRUCTURE

Unifies and makes culture unique

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Walaupun banyak masalah intercultural comm terjadi karena interpersonal comm, tapi konfrontasi dan kesalahpahaman yang serius dapat ditelusuri pada deep structure of culture yang menjadi inti masalah.

To better understand any culture, you need to appreciate that culture’s deep structure.

Deep structure has its roots in the basic institution of culture, because cultures produces and is reproduced by that.World view (religion)Family structureState (government)

Working in combination, create, transmit, maintain, dan reinforce the basic elements of collective behaviour

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Alasan kenapa institusi tersebut memegang hal yang penting dalam perilaku kita?

Deep structure institutions carry a culture’s most important beliefsMereka diberi tugas untuk mengajarmu apa yang

penting dan apa yang harus kamu perjuangkanWhether you should believe in fate or free choice,

what expect in life, how to prepare death.Deep structure institutions and their message

endureSetiap generasi diceritakan mengenai cerita-cerita ttg

agama merekaSetiap generasi diberi kebijakan, tradisi, dan

kebiasaan yang membuat budaya unik.Fact that deep hatred between cultures also endure

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Deep structure institutions and their message are deeply feltThe content generated by these instituions arouse deep

and emotional feeling.Menyebut nama Tuhan, menyebut nama ibu kita dgn

kasar, membakar benderaPrajurit yang berperang, politikus yang berkampanye,

selalu mengobar2kan semangat mengenai pentingnya ketiga institusi tadi

Deep structure institutions supply much of our identityBorn without identity. Interact to develop identity.These membership define youThe identities that mean to most people are the ones

gained through their deep structure institutions.

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World ViewThe link between perception, culture, and world view

World view influences all aspects of our perception and cosequently affects or belief and value system as well as how we think

World view is a culture’s orientation toward God, humanity, nature, questions of existence, life, detah, and other philosohical issues that influence how we perceive the world Example: Islam perception on women, biblical view about nature,

The foundation of nation’s culture and the most important determinant of social dan business conduct are the religious and philosohical belief of someone Weber’s The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism

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The manner in which a culture conducts its business can be reflected in its world view.Out of awareness processes and intuitive

problem solving versus scientifid method (japan vs US)

Japan Buddhist tradition meditation.

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Religion as a world viewPredominat element found in every culture and has

thousand years given people their world view religionTanggung jawab untuk menghasilkan dan melestarikan

elemen dari world view institusi agama & spiritual leaderPeople have always felt a nedd to seek outside themselves

the values by which they live their lives and guidance.Deals with the nature of life & death, creation of the

universe, the relationship between individual, and relation of humankind with nature people rely on religious explanation

Religion, be it theology or everyday practices of culture, gives us insight into the member of that culture.

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Religious SimilarititesSacred Scripture

Express and provide identity, authorization, and ideals.Kitab-kitab ini telah membantu membentuk pemikiran dan tindakan jutaan orang

AuthorityHave an authority figure who provides guidance & instructionSomeone greater than individual.

Traditional RitualRitual : one of the oldest, most complex, and persistent symbolic activities

associated with religions.Expresses the physic, sosial, religious world to its participant while its also

provide identity. Ex: lighting candles, wearing special attire, sit, stand, kneel when you pray

Ritual can also be indirect. Ex. Japanese tea ceremony. Every move and position, embodies humility, awareness. Framing the ordinary action in

order to reveal some deeper significance Zen Buddhist idea

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SpeculationAll human being seek answers to great mysteries of lifeOrigin of the universe, detailed descriptions of heaven & hell

EthicsNearly same for all culturesAll religions avoid murders, theiving, lying. Strees in humility, charity.

SecurityReligion unites people by asking them to share symbols, values,

and norms strong feeling to know that you are aprt of a religious family.

Ex: fasting the same day, wearing the same attire when pray, bowing on one direction

Religious Similaritites

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Religious TraditionsReligion is but one knd of world view, even the

person who say “There is No God”, has answer for question about death, life, etc.

To isolate those aspects of world view that are most manifest in how a culture perceives issues: life, death, ethics, social relationship that affect communication.

Trying to demonstrate how a culture’s deep structure serves as the roots of their reality.

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ChristianityThe dominant world view in america.Jesus’s view of the self was relational. The closer people drew to

God, the closer they could draw to one another contribute in the social dimension of western culture belongs to numerous club, committes, organizations.

(in East, one’s spiritual life : solitude, West : message shared with others)

Central ethic of Jesus Love Love your neighbour as yourself.Reflected in large amout of charitable org.Christianity discovers individuality in the sense that it stress personal

conversion.Future time orientation mmistake, regret are forgiven by God.Jesus might be feminist banned all divorce, giving her greater

responsibility for teaching children.

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Judaism (yahudi)The oldest of religions being practiced today &

monotheistic.Walaupun memiliki presentase pengikut yang

sedikit, tapi kemampuan mereka membuatnya penting dan bpengaruh.

Historically, oppresion have been part of jewish view.Only the Jews have had their homeland destroys

(twice), expelled from nearly every nation.Learning become important for Jewish.IslamThe newest and fastest growing religion in the

world.Codification of all values and ways to behave in

every circumtances.www.akurnews.com

HinduismThe most difficult of all religious orientation for

western to understand.Hindu: The more gods more better.No single founder, no orgnizational hierarchy. Hindus become the most religious people because

they find divine in everything.Rituals important to show that God is in

everything .

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BuddhismDifficult to understand abandonment of views

generated by the use of ordinary words and scripture. There is a supreme and wonderful truth that words

cannot reach – a special transmission outside the scripture, direct pointing at the mind of man.

World view Life SufferingBudha taught us that only in understanding how we

create suffering fou ourselves can we become free.Direct itself to purification of life and consciusness, not

to worship of godlike figure.Buddhism is faith, philosophy, and a way of life.

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ConfucianismThe system of social, political, ethical, and

religious thought based on the teaching of Confucius.

Banyak ditemukan di di Cina, Jepang, Korea.Center around the teaching of Confucius

(filsuf)Analects: contain saying, proverb that

believed to be Confucius philosophy; help shape the thought and actions.

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FamilyIf you know the family, you dont need to know the

individual (Chinese)God could not be evrywhre and therefore he made mothers

(Jewish).Family among the oldest and most fundamental of all

human institutions.Here is where one has first experience love, hate, giving,

etc.Importance :

Transforming biological organism into human beingCaretaker of those view and transmit it to generationsSupply all of us with part of our identity

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Culture and FamilyAt birth, babies can grow up to be members of any

society. It depends on they trained and taught, loved and punished, whether they turn into one kind of person or another.

A human beings development can take any number of paths, and culture is one of the major determinants of that.

The interaction patterns in the family offer clues as to communication patterns found outside the family “Children act in the village as they have learned at home”.

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Gender RolesChildren learn to differentiate between masculine and

feminine activity. Persepsi dipelajari dan mempengaruhi bagaimana

anggota budaya berinteraksi dengan kedua gender tersebut.

Confusius “Males are primarily responsible for task functions, while female attend to social and cultural task.

India males are considered the superior sex. Anak laki2 adalah titipan Tuhan.

The Quran addresses men only. These roles are subject to change.

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AgeGreatly influence the way individuals perceive

youth as well as old age. American: prefer youth than old age (plastic

surgery, media)Asian: respect for the old. Chinese : When eating the bamboo sprouts,

remember who planted themElder is the carrier of much of the knowledge that

is important.

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HISTORYHistory is the pact between the dead, the living, and the

yet unborn can carry important messageWe need to recognize that the history of every society

deserves to be studied not only as part of wolrd history but also on account of its intrinsic values.

We’ll talk about historical events and spesific dates.The penetrating effect of a culture’s history on

perception and behaviour can be seen in several examples.

What a culture seeks to remember and pass on the next generation tells us about the character of that culture

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selesai

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TUGASJelaskan bagaimana pemahaman mengenai aspek agama

dalam budaya tertentu akan membantumu untuk berkomunikasi lebih baik dengan anggota budaya tersebut?

Ceritakan deep structure hatred yang terjadi pada kelompok-kelompok berikut:Pribumi vs kaum CinaYahudi vs ArabKorea Selatan vs Korea UtaraBosnia Herzegovina vs Kosovo, Serbia, MontenegroJepang vs CinaPilih 3 dari 5 pilihan tersebut di atas!!

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