the design process - an overview skip yarn, oakland mills high school
TRANSCRIPT
1. Define a Problem
2. Brainstorm
3. Research and Generate Ideas
4. Identify Criteria and Specify Constraints
5. Explore Possibilities
6. Select an Approach
7. Develop a Design Proposal
8. Make a Model or Prototype
9. Test and Evaluate the Design using Specifications
10. Refine the Design
11. Create or Make Solution
12. Communicate Processes and Results
Example Design Process
– ITEA Standards for Technological Literacy
Explanation
1 Define the
problem
2 Brainstorm
3 Research and
generate ideas
4 Identify criteria
5 Explore
possibiliti
es
6 Select an
approach
7 Develop a
design proposa
l
8 Make a model or
prototype9 Test a
nd evaluate
10 Redesign
11 Create or make it
12 Communicate
Our Problem Solving Process
Drop an egg from 30 feet to the ground without breaking it.
Build a wind powered car that travels the farthest.
Create a top that spins the longest.
Design and build the most efficient bridge.
Explanation
2. Brainstorming.• Create a list of ideas• Sketch simple concept pictures• Work towards quanity• Never criticize anyone’s idea• Use “Mind Mapping”
Mind Mapping
Major Idea
Major Idea
Major Idea
Major Idea
Major Idea
Main Idea
Brainstorming Techniques
Explanation
3. Research and generate ideas“You don’t have to reinvent the wheel”• What have others done?• What do you need to know?
– science, math concepts– Look on-line
• As you look at what others have done – do you have any more ideas?
Cite your sources!
Google is not a source! It is a search engine.
Explanation
4. Identify criteria and specify constraints• Now that you know the Problem and some information, it is
time to look at what the requirements are.• This will include:
– People, Time, Materials, Tools, Cost and other factors
•This is an individual or group project.•You will have three days to build your design.•You may use any found material.•The container must be 8” x 8” x 8”.•Hold a Large Egg (teacher supplied day of testing).•Must be able to touch the egg from each side.•The lightest design that keeps the egg from cracking will earn 100 points•If the egg cracks, you will earn 70 points max.•Drop from 3rd floor to Commons.
Explanation
6. Select an approach-• Use a Decision Matrix.• This is a Table
– Criteria along the top– Possible solutions along the left side– Use your ideas to complete this table.
Idea Total
123
Explanation
Idea Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total
123
•Analyze each idea based on the criteria• 4 = meets it perfectly• 3 = is close but not perfect• 2 = just a little bit• 1 = it is a stretch to say it comes close• 0 = does not meet the criteria• YES = 1• NO = 0
•Total up the results.
Explanation
Idea Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total
1 4 3 4 Yes =1 Yes= 1 3
2 3 4 4 Yes =1 Yes = 1 2
3 4 2 3 No =0 Yes = 1 3
•Analyze each idea based on the criteria• 4 = meets it perfectly• 3 = is close but not perfect• 2 = just a little bit• 1 = it is a stretch to say it comes close• 0 = does not meet the criteria• YES = 1• NO = 0
•Total up the results.
Idea Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total
123
Idea Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total
1 4 3 4 Yes =1 Yes= 1 3 162 3 4 4 Yes =1 Yes = 1 2 153 4 2 3 No =0 Yes = 1 3 13
This is a sample of how it should work
In the event of a tie – give weight to the “more important” criteria
Explanation
•Create an argument on why your design is the best solution to the problem or why it is not. •This argument must be based on logic, facts, and data. •A valid argument also provides the facts and data for the opposing argument. •Your argument must be well written and make use of the references from your research
Idea Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total
1 4 3 4 Yes =1 Yes= 1 3 162 3 4 4 Yes =1 Yes = 1 2 153 4 2 3 No =0 Yes = 1 3 13
Explanation
7. Develop a design proposal• You will need to create a Multi-view
drawing of your best solution.
• Make sure that you include dimensions and other important information.
• Some solutions may be complex and need many drawings to build from.
• What you design here is what you will build and ultimately test.
Explanation
8. Make a model or prototype. • Once you have made your initial solution, take a
picture of it.
Explanation
9. Test and evaluate the design. • You will need to create a test for your solution.• Some projects may be destroyed after testing,
so you might want to come up with non-destructive tests.
• Create a table to record your test results.
10. Redesign. • As you test your solution, you will make changes
based on the results of the test.• Take pictures of these changes.
Explanation
11. Create or make it.• This is your final solution to the design.• Take a picture of the final solution.• Video you testing the final solution
12. Communicate processes or results
• Explain what you did during this project• Imagine that you have 2 minutes to tell the class
what you did and how you solved the problem.• Or explain why your solution did not solve the
problem.
Elaboration
Problem Statement: The products that we buy in the store are packaged in many unique ways to insure that they arrive at the specified location without being damaged. Design Brief: Design and construct a package that will protect a raw egg from being damaged when dropped from a height of 30 feet.
Elaboration
•This is an individual project.•You will have three days to build your design.•You may use any found material.•The container must be 8” x 8” x 8”.•Hold a Large Egg (teacher supplied day of testing).•Must be able to touch the egg from each side.•The lightest design that keeps the egg from cracking will earn 100 points.•If the egg cracks, you will earn 70 points max.•Drop from 3rd floor to Commons.
Part of this grade will be based on competition.•100 pts for the lightest solution that keeps the Egg from cracking•98 pts for the second, 96 for the third… and so on.•In the event of a tie – the mean score will be given•70 pts will be awarded for solutions that meet all of the criteria, but let the Egg crack or break.