the digital cellular evolution and its impact on the alarm industry 2011-03-03
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The Digital Cellular Evolution and its Impact on the Alarm Industry 2011-03-03. Topics. Cellular Technologies and Their Evolution Status of Digital Cellular Impact on the Alarm Industry Questions. “GSM / UMTS” Family Evolution. “ cdmaOne / CDMA2000” Family Evolution. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Digital CellularEvolution and its
Impact on the Alarm Industry2011-03-03
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TopicsTopics
• Cellular Technologies and Their Evolution• Status of Digital Cellular• Impact on the Alarm Industry• Questions
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GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ LTE
First Deploymen
t
c. 1991 (Digital GSM)
c. 2001 c. 2003 c. 2005 2007 2009+ 2010+ 2011+
Spectrum Needed
200 kHz channels
200 kHz channels
200 kHz channels
5 MHz 5 MHz 5 MHz 5 MHz1.25 – 20
MHz
Protocol TDMA TDMA TDMA W-CDMA W-CDMA W-CDMAW-CDMA
MIMO antenna
D: OFDMAU: SC-FDMA
GeneralVoice?
Yes No No YesNo
(VOIP?)No
(VOIP?)VOIP VOIP
DataCircuit
SwitchedIP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data
Theoretical Rate
(kbits/sec)9.6
D: 80–60U: 20-40
236-473(4–8 slot)
384D: 14,400
U: 384D: ?
U: 5,760D: 42,000U: 11,500
D: 100,000U: 50,000(20 MHz)
Typical Rate
(kbits/sec)< 9.6 5-20 60-100+ Est: 200+
D: 1,000+U: 200+
D: ?Est U: 1,000+
TBD TBD
Current Radio Cost
GSM-Only radios rare
$ $$ $$+ $$+ SS+ TBD TBD
““GSM / UMTS” Family EvolutionGSM / UMTS” Family Evolution
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““cdmaOne / CDMA2000” Family cdmaOne / CDMA2000” Family EvolutionEvolution
cdmaOne 1XRTTEVDORev. 0
EVDORev. A
EVDORev. B
LTEMobileWiMAX
First Deployment
c. 1998 c. 2003 c. 2004 c. 2007 Unlikely 2011+ 2009+
Spectrum Needed
1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHzMultiple 1.25
MHz1.25 – 20 MHz
5, 8.75, 10 MHz
Protocol CDMA CDMA CDMA CDMA CDMAD: OFDMA
U: SC-FDMAD: SOFDMA
U:
GeneralVoice?
Yes No NoNo
(VOIP)No
(VOIP)VOIP
(future)VOIP
(future)
DataCircuit
SwitchedIP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data IP Data
Theo. Rate (kbits/sec)
14.4 153D: 2,400U: 153
D: 3,100U: 1,800
D: 4,900 x N*U: 1,800 x N*
D: 100,000U: 50,000(20 MHz)
D: 70,000U: 70,000(20 MHz)
Typ. Rate (kbits/sec)
< 14.4 60-100D: 600-900U: 60-100
D: 600-1,400U: 400-600
TBD TBD
D: 4,000–8,000
U: 1,500-3,000
CurrentRadio Cost
CDMA-Only radios rare
$+ $$ $$ --- TBD $$* N=number of 1.25 MHz bands of spectrum used.If N=3, then this is called “3X EVDO”.Bands do not need to be contiguous!
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Current Generation GSM Family Current Generation GSM Family EvolutionEvolution
• Current ITU standards• No forward compatibility
– GPRS radios cannot operate in EDGE mode– GPRS / EDGE radios cannot operate in UMTS mode
• Backward compatibility, yes– UMTS radios can operate in GPRS and EDGE mode
• UMTS standards kept modular by the ITU• To allow for easy removal of GPRS and EDGE
• Technology transitions• HS*PA data transports use W-CDMA, not TDMA• LTE uses OFDMA and SC-FDMA
– Radio cost and transition plan to deal with
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Current Generation CDMA Family Current Generation CDMA Family EvolutionEvolution
• 1XRTT• 1XRTT shares band with EVDO Rev. 0 and Rev. A
• EVDO (Rev. 0, A and B)• Rev. A changes uplink modulation
– Enhances uplink data rate
• Rev. B change modulations further– Further enhances date rate in both directions
• Other• EVDO falls back to 1XRTT when EVDO not present
– Within the same band– Just a different modulation scheme
• EVDO Rev. B and 3X EVDO will not be deployed– Selection of LTE precludes them from consideration
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4G … 4G … LLong ong TTerm erm EEvolution (“LTE”)volution (“LTE”)
• General• 1.25 MHz – 20 MHz spectrum requirements
– Allows deployment when 5 MHz allocations not available
• Has very high spectral efficiency– Getting closer and closer to Shannon’s Law limits
• Is being deployed in new bands– To avoid cannibalizing existing services
• LTE is not backwards compatible to UMTS• Different protocols – chipset cost & performance
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4G … Mobile WiMAX4G … Mobile WiMAX
• General• 5, 8.75 and 10MHz spectrum requirements
– Slightly less flexible than LTE
• Has very high spectral efficiency– Getting closer and closer to Shannon’s Law limits
• Is being deployed in new bands– To avoid cannibalizing existing services
• The term “WiMAX” includes multiple subsets • “Mobile WiMAX” (IEEE 802.16e) and “Fixed
WiMAX” (IEEE 802.16d) for example– Their use purposes are quite different– “Fixed WiMAX” does not interop with “Mobile WiMAX”!
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VerizonVerizon
• 1XRTT and EVDO Rev. 0 everywhere they have spectrum• EVDO Rev. A in most markets too• Will maintain 1X and EVDO through 2018
• Deploying LTE ahead of AT&T in the US• MetroPCS was first to go commercial though
• LTE is in 700MHz band• Using 20MHz channel• Many markets by end of 2011• Fuller coverage by 2014 to 2015
• Decent spectrum position• 700MHz (20MHz available), 850MHz and 1.9GHz in
many markets
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AT&TAT&T
• GSM/GPRS/EDGE everywhere, HS*PA in most major markets• GPRS and EDGE performance
– Became more obvious with iPhone 1 introduction• Temporarily masked by iPhone 3/3GS deployment
– So, performance “improved” for other M2M customers
• Planning to deploy LTE• Is a year (or more) behind Verizon• Has slowed (stopped?) their HS*PA expansion
• Weakest spectrum position• 800Mhz, 1.9GHz and 2.1GHz in many markets• Needs to re-use 800MHz spectrum with more efficient
technology– Puts pressure on GSM/GPRS futures
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SprintSprint
• 1XRTT and EVDO Rev. A everywhere they have 1900MHz spectrum• Extensive roaming agreements to achieve comparable
coverage to Verizon
• Converting iDen spectrum to 1XRTT & EVDO Rev. A• Will provide 1XRTT and EVDO well beyond Verizon
• First to go All-Digital and first to deploy 4G• WiMAX started in 2009
• Rapidly deploying WiMAX• All major markets by end of 2011, full coverage by 2012 to
2013
• Very likely to also deploy LTE• Best spectrum position
• 800MHz, 1.9GHz and 2.5GHz (192MHz available)
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Technology LongevityTechnology Longevity
• GPRS is slowly degrading in most markets• AT&T will selective re-purpose 800MHz spectrum for 4G …
– By 2014 – 2015, GPRS may have performance issues– Major markets likely to be impacted first
• 1XRTT and EVDO longevity more assured• Verizon through 2018 … at least• Sprint will go longer than 2018 … possible 5 to 10 years
– Using their iDEN 800MHz spectrum (30,000 towers)
• HS*PA longevity somewhat unknown• Likely to start degrading by 2016+ as AT&T LTE happens• T-Mobile may go longer (in major cities) with HSPA+
• LTE and WiMAX are the [current] future• Verizon (LTE), AT&T (LTE) and Sprint (WiMAX and LTE)• Will be “data-only” for a while till VOIP is deployed• “All-IP” technologies are far easier to deploy and grow
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Does The Alarm Industry Need 4G?Does The Alarm Industry Need 4G?
• Selective uses• You all are the experts here
• Likely places• Full Video streaming, Inter-station transmissions, Other?
• When is important• Industry needs to avoid the Analog transition issues• … the FCC is not likely to help with “5 year sunsets” this
time• Radio costs are a concern
• GPRS radios are very inexpensive today– But, module manufacturers are not introducing any new products
• But, GPRS cost differential to 1X is decreasing– New 1X and EVDO radios are being released
• HS*PA radios are generally more expensive than EVDO– W-CDMA chip cost scales just like CDMA
• WiMAX and LTE radio costs are unknowns at this time– But may end up lower than HS*PA and EVDO radios later
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Thank You(more support slides follow)
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ContactContact
• Syed Zaeem Hosain (“Z”)• Chief Technical Officer• Direct: 408-557-1905• E-mail: [email protected]
• Address• Aeris Communications, Inc.
2033 Gateway Place, Suite 450San Jose, CA 95110.
• Web site• www.aeris.net
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““Wireless is Less Reliable Than Wireless is Less Reliable Than Landline!”Landline!”
• But … users and customers are saying otherwise• Landline-connected households continue to drop
– In May, 2010: 25% residences without landline– By 2014: 35-40% residences will be without wireline
• Copper wiring in major cities is degrading slowly– Pressurized, paper-wrap wire bundles are failing
– Water, time and exposure when repairing, is taking its toll
– Very expensive to replace the copper– Albeit some replacement with optical fiber is occurring in major cities
• In disaster scenarios …• Cellular stays working …• … or is brought back faster than landline
• Wireless growth continuing• More cellular devices in use than population
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WiMAX is WiMAX is NOTNOT related to WiFi related to WiFi
• Confusion arises perhaps because …• Both terms begin with the letters “Wi”• Both standards begin with “IEEE 802.”• Both have “something to do with wireless data & the
Internet”• WiFi
• Is a short-range system (multiple meters)• Uses unlicensed spectrum• Is typically used for fixed-location Internet-access
– Used for access to a network on “operator’s” own property– No hand-off when in motion
• Is more analogous to “cordless phone”• WiMAX
• Is a longer-range system (multiple kilometers)• Uses licensed spectrum• Has Mobile and Fixed variants for different purposes• Is more analogous to “cell phone”
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AcronymsAcronyms
Term Acronym
1X EVDO 1X Evolution-Data Optimized
1XRTT 1X Radio Transmission Technology
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project (GSM Technologies)
3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (ANSI-41 Technologies)
3X EVDO 3X Evolution-Data Optimized
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
EDGE Enhanced Data-rate for GSM Environment; Enhanced Data for Global Evolution
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
Flash-OFDM Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless Handoff OFDM
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSPA+ Evolved High-Speed Packet Access
HSUPA High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
LTE 3GPP Long Term Evolution
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output (antenna technology)
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
SC-FDMA Single Carrier FDMA
SOFDMA Scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
TDMA Time Domain Multiple Access
UMTS Universal Mobile Telephone Service
W-CDMA Wide-band CDMA
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access