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CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE The Distribution of Household Income, 2015 November 2018 . This publication updates the figures in CBO’s report The Distribution of Household Income, 2014 (March 2018), www.cbo.gov/publication/53597 .

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Page 1: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE

The Distribution of Household Income, 2015November 2018

.

This publication updates the figures in CBO’s report The Distribution of Household Income, 2014 (March 2018), www.cbo.gov/publication/53597.

Page 2: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Summary

Page 3: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.* = less than $500.

Average Income, Means-Tested Transfers, and Federal Taxes, by Income Group, 2015

Page 4: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Cumulative Growth in Average Income, by Income Group, 1979 to 2015

Page 5: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Income, Transfers, andTaxes, 2015

Page 6: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Average Income Before Means-Tested Transfers and Federal Taxes, by Income Group, 2015

Page 7: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.* = less than 0.5 percent.

Average Means-Tested Transfer Rates,by Income Group, 2015

Page 8: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.CHIP = Children’s Health Insurance Program; SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; SSI = Supplemental Security Income; * = less than 0.5 percent.

Average Means-Tested Transfer Rates, for Selected Income Groups, 2015

Page 9: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015

Page 10: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group and Tax Source, 2015

Page 11: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.* = less than 0.5 percent.

Shares of Means-Tested Transfers andFederal Taxes, by Income Group, 2015

Page 12: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Average Income After Means-Tested Transfers and Federal Taxes, by Income Group, 2015

Page 13: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Shares of Income Before and After Transfers and Taxes, by Income Group, 2015

Page 14: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Trends,1979 to 2015

Page 15: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Cumulative Growth in Income Before Transfers and Taxes, by Income Group, 1979 to 2015

Page 16: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Average Means-Tested Transfer Rates, for Selected Income Groups, 1979 to 2015

Page 17: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.CHIP = Children’s Health Insurance Program; SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; SSI = Supplemental Security Income.

Means-Tested Transfer Rates, by Source,1979 to 2015 (Households in Lowest Quintile)

Page 18: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 1979 to 2015

Page 19: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Average Federal Tax Rates, by Source, 1979 to 2015

Page 20: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Average Refundable Tax Credit Rates, for Selected Income Groups, 1979 to 2015

Page 21: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Cumulative Growth in Income After Transfers and Taxes, by Income Group, 1979 to 2015

Page 22: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Gini Coefficients, 1979 to 2015

Page 23: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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CBO

CBO has posted three data files with this document:

Data Underlying Figures—an Excel file containing the data used to makeeach figure in this document

Supplemental Data—an Excel file containing 12 additional tables of datarelated to the distribution of household income

Additional Data for Researchers—a zipped archive of comma-separatedvalues (CSV) files containing the supplemental data with householdrankings based on alternative income definitions and with each rankingdisaggregated by household type

For more information about CBO’s methods and definitions of income, see its March 2018 report The Distribution of Household Income, 2014 (www.cbo.gov/publication/53597).

Additional Information

Page 24: The Distribution of Household Income, 2015...Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group, 2015. 9 CBO. Source: Congressional Budget Office. Average Federal Tax Rates, by Income Group

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Unless this document indicates otherwise, all years referred to are calendar years.

Some of the figures have shaded vertical bars that indicate the duration of recessions. (A recession extends from the peak of a business cycle to its trough.)

Kevin Perese of CBO’s Tax Analysis Division prepared this document with guidance from Edward Harris and John McClelland. Jeffrey Kling reviewed the document.

About This Document