the dynamic earth chapter 3. layers of the earth hydrosphere atmosphere geosphere
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Dynamic EarthThe Dynamic EarthChapter 3
![Page 2: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Layers of the EarthHydrosphereAtmosphereGeosphere
![Page 3: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The GeosphereThe GeosphereChapter 1, Section 1
![Page 4: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Composition of EarthThe Composition of EarthThe upper and lower crust, the
mantle, and the coreCore – Earth’s innermost
compositional layer
![Page 5: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EarthquakeEarthquakeAn earthquake is the vibrations of the
Earth’s crust caused by slippage along a fault
The energy released by an earthquake occurs in the form of seismic waves
![Page 6: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
VolcanoesVolcanoesA mountain built from magma –
melted rock – that rises from the Earth’s interior to the surface
Most are located around the Pacific Rim
![Page 7: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Which of the following does NOT both remove and add gases to the atmosphere?
PlantsAnimalsAutomobilesVolcanic Eruptions
![Page 8: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Wind and Water ErosionWind and Water ErosionLikely to effect: mountains,
beaches, soil, soft rocksNot Likely to effect: tides
![Page 9: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The AtmosphereThe AtmosphereChapter 1, Section 2
![Page 10: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Layers of AtmosphereLayers of AtmosphereTroposphere – Nearest Earth’s surface◦The densest atmospheric layer◦Where all of Earth’s weather occurs
Stratosphere – O-Zone layerMesosphere – Coldest layer of
atmosphereThermosphere – Where nitrogen and oxygen
absorb solar radiation The topmost layerIonosphere – the lower Thermosphere
![Page 11: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Greenhouse GassesGREENHOUSE gases in the
atmosphere, including WATER VAPOR, trap radiated heat and help maintain surface air temperature
![Page 13: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Surface CurrentsSurface currents in the ocean can
influence CLIMATES OF land areas they flow past because they CARRY WARMER OR COLDER WATER GREAT DISTANCES
![Page 14: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mechanisms of Energy Mechanisms of Energy TransferTransferRadiation – The transfer of energy
across spaceConduction – The flow of heat
from a warmer object to a colder object when the objects are placed in direct physical contact
Convection – The transfer of heat by air currents
![Page 15: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Hydrosphere and The Hydrosphere and BiosphereBiosphereChapter 3, Section 3
![Page 16: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
HydrosphereHydrosphereIncludes all of the water on or
near Earth’s surfaceWhat about the water below
Earth’s surface?There are two types of water: salt
water and fresh water, in which salt water obviously contains more salt
![Page 17: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Water CycleThe Water CycleThe continuous movement of water into
the air, onto land, and then back to waterEvaporation – the process in which liquid
water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor
Condensation – water vapor that forms droplets on dust particles
Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from clouds
![Page 18: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
AerosolsAerosolsAerosols are tiny, liquid droplets
found in the atmosphere
![Page 20: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
World OceanWorld OceanA single, large, interconnected
body of water that covers 70% of Earth’s surface
![Page 21: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ocean LayersOcean LayersSurface Zone, Thermocline, and
Deep ZoneThe DEEP ZONE of ocean is from
base of thermocline to the bottom of the ocean
![Page 22: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What drives the ocean surface currents?Tectonic platesGravitySalinityWind
![Page 24: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Deepest OceanDeepest OceanThe four main oceans are the
Arctic, Indian, Atlantic, and the Pacific
The deepest ocean is the PacificCalled the Challenger Deep11,033 m below sea level
![Page 25: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ThermoclineBoundary between warm and cold
water in ocean or lake
![Page 26: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Where is most of the World’s Where is most of the World’s fresh water?fresh water?Only ~3% of the world’s water is
fresh waterMost of the world’s fresh water is
found in the ice caps and glaciers
![Page 27: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
TributariesTributariesTributaries are smaller streams
or rivers that flow into larger ones
![Page 28: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Recharge ZoneLand surface area where water enters
an aquifer
![Page 29: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pack IceForms when frozen seawater is driven
together by wind and waves
![Page 30: The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3. Layers of the Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f005503460f94c16a3a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Picture ReferencesPicture References Listed in order that they appear http://www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu/education/rr/inde
x.php?activity=layers_of_the_earth http://www.thebestlinks.com/Cascadia_Earthquake.ht
ml http://www.greendiary.com/entry/q13-how-does-a-sup
er-volcano-blow-up-to-cover-an-entire-continent-with-ash
http://www.flickr.com/photos/benwhitlock/307834571/ http://history.nasa.gov/NP-119/p71.htm http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/images/
ocp2003/ocpfy2003-fig5-1.htm http://www.gdargaud.net/Antarctica/
WinterDC3.html http://homepage.risd41.org/kreimers/stories/
storyReader$14 http://www.news.com/2300-11397_3-6126409-
5.html http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/shorewood/
tributary.htm