THE EARLY HISTORY OF MALAYSIAChapter 1

The Early History Of Malaysia

•Ancient (kuno) history

-Paleolithic-Mesolithic-Neolithic-Metal Age

Paleolithic

• The characteristics:- Exist 35,000 years ago- Lived in caves- Main activity- collecting product & hunting- Started using stone tools- The tools simple & crude- Area- Tampan Estuary, Badak cave (Perak), Niah

Cave(sarawak) & Tingkayu (sabah).

Mesolithic• The characteristics:- Exist 11,000 years ago- Live in caves, along rivers & lake- Started farming- Used more refined stone tools- Able to make earthenware- Area- Cha cave (Kelantan), Kecil cave

(Pahang), Kepah Cave (Kedah), Jenderam Hilir (Selangor)

Neolithic

• The characteristic:- Exist 5,000 years ago- Used more sophisticated stone tools.- Started rearing livestock- Started communicating with communities in other

places- Started creating object and using accessories- Area- Cha cave(Kelantan), Madai cave(Sabah),

Gamantang cave(Sabah), Tengkorak cave(sarawak)..etc

Metal Age•The characteristic:

- Exist 2,500 years ago- Population grew- Developed residential- Areas in wide open land near rivers- More orderly & sedentary lifestyle- Practices social customs- Area- Lang River(Selangor), Muar river(Johor),- Tembeling River(Pahang), Terengganu River (Trgnu)

Protohistory Age• Arise on early kingdoms in the

Malay Archipelago• It proves by founding of

archaeological evidence & some record from Yunan, Arab, Persians, China & India.

What is Malay Archipelago???

• Largest group of islands in the world• located off the southeastern coast of Asia between

the Indian and Pacific oceans• It consists of the more than 13,000 islands of

Indonesia and some 7,000 islands of the Philippines•Principal islands include the Greater Sunda Islands

(Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes), the Lesser Sundas, the Moluccas, New Guinea, Luzon, Mindanao, and the Visayan Islands.

Malay kingdoms in Malay Archipelago

• Funan- located in Kampuchea, influence by Old Kedah religion. E.g. Pengkalan Bujang

• Old Kedah- monarchy system, strategic location, important entreport, influence by Hinduism & Buddhism.

• Gangga Negara – port & trade centre• Langkasuka, Patani- trade centre,

influence by Hinduism & Buddhism

cont’d…• Chih-tu, Kelantan- influence by

Buddhism, strong relationship with China• Srivijaya, Sumatera- well-known trade

centre, strong relationship with China & India, centre of Buddhism & Sanskrit language, own several vassal States.

• Majapahit, Jawa- Owned several vassal states, trade centre, strong relationship with China, India & the Middle East.

THE MALAY KINGDOM OF MALACCA

THE MALAY KINGDOM OF MALACCA

THE MALAY KINGDOM OF MALACCA

Bendahara Year

Bendahara Seri Wak Raja

Bendahara Seri Nara Diraja Tun Ali

Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak

Bendahara Tun Puteh

Bendahara Seri Maharaja Tun Mutahir

Bendahara Tepok Paduka Tuan

1445

1445-1456

1456-1498

1498-1500

1500-1510

1510-1511

The GOLDEN AGE of Malacca

• Known as The Venice of The East• Spread of Islam• Vast territory• Strong trade relations with China & India• Empire of advance civilization

The GOLDEN AGE of Malacca

Named of Sultan of the Malay Kingdom of Malacca since 1400 until 1511 before it fall to the Portuguese.

Fall of the Malacca Empire

Factors decline of Malacca Empire

internal external

Fall of the Malacca Empire

Internal 1. Sultan Mahmud Syah was a weak ruler. He paid little attention to the

administration.

2. Weak administration and lacked an efficient leader. Chief Minister Tun Mutahir was a weak leader and there were often struggles for power.

3. Fights between Malays and Indian-Muslims. Chief Minister Tun Mutahir gave more attentions to Indian-Muslims people compared to Malays.

4. Merchant’s activities decreased. Defamation and bribing were rife and high taxes forces merchants to divert to other ports.

5. Sea people do not help Malacca against Portuguese. Continued misunderstanding and disputes caused segregation among the people.

Fall of the Malacca Empire

External 1. Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. Bartholomew Diaz found the route in 1488. This made it easier to sail from the West to the East.

2. Bad attitude from outsiders. Chinese and Indians merchants help Portuguese when the Malacca was attacked.

3. Malacca was taken by Portuguese on 1511. The Portuguese took over Malacca on 25 August 1511 while Sultan Mahmud Syah escapes to Muar, Pahang and Bintan.

4. Internal Conflicts. The weak disunity among peoples and high taxes caused many of the merchants to move to other ports.