the earth and its peoples 3 rd edition chapter 19 the atlantic system and africa, 1550-1800 cover...

The Earth and Its Peoples

3rd edition

Chapter 19

The Atlantic System and Africa,1550-1800

Cover Slide

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Caribbean Sugar MillThis painting, from William Clark's Ten Views in the Island of Antigua, 1823, depicts a Caribbean windmill crushing sugar cane whose juice is boiled down in the smoking building next door. (British Library)

Caribbean Sugar Mill


Chinese plate in African pillar tombEmbedded in an eighteenth-century Kunduchi pillar tomb, these Chinese plates testify to the enormous Asian-African trade that flourished in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. Kunduchi, whose ruins lie north of Dar es Salaam in present-day Tanzania, was one of the Swahili city-states. (Werner Forman Archive/Art Resource, NY)

Chinese plate in African pillar tomb


City of Luanda, 1575Founded by the Portuguese in 1575, Luanda was a center of the huge slave trade to Brazil. In this print, offices and warehouses line the streets, and (right foreground) slaves are dragged to the ships for transportation to America. (New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations/Art Resource, NY)

City of Luanda, 1575


Fort Jesus, MombasaThis great fortress of Fort Jesus, Mombasa, was designed by the Milanese military architect Joao Batista Cairato in traditional European style, and built between 1593 and 1594. It still stands as a symbol of Portuguese military and commercial power in East Africa and the Indian Ocean in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (Wolfgang Kaehler/Getty Images)

Fort Jesus, Mombasa


Olaudah EquianoOlaudah Equiano (1745-1797) was probably the best-known African slave during the time of the Transatlantic slave trade. Born in Benin (modern Nigeria), he was enslaved and eventually placed in the custody of a kind English family. They gave him the rudiments of an education, and he was baptized a Christian. By the time he was 21 years old--after being a slave for ten years--he had amassed enough money to buy his freedom. His book Travels is a well-documented argument for the abolition of slavery and a literary classic that went through nine editions before his death. In this engraving, Equiano is dressed as an elegant Englishman, his Bible open to the Book of Acts. (New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture/Art Resource, NY)

Olaudah Equiano


Queen Mother and AttendantsAs in Ottoman, Chinese, and European societies, so the mothers of rulers in Africa sometimes exercised considerable political power because of their influence on their sons. African kings granted the title "Queen Mother" as a badge of honor. In this figure, the long beaded cap, called "chicken's beak," symbolizes the mother's rank as do her elaborate neck jewelry and attendants. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. KIlaus G. Perls, 1991 (1991.17.111). Photograph (c) 1991 The Metropolitan Museum of Art)

Queen Mother and Attendants


Queen Njiga (Nzinga)Njiga (Nzinga) of Ndongo (r. 1624-1629) was the most important female political figure in the history of early modern Angola. She used military force in her expansionist policy and participated fully in the slave trade, but she fiercely resisted Portuguese attempts to control that trade. Here she sits enthroned, wearing her crown (the cross a sign of her Christian baptism) and bracelets, giving an order. She has become a symbol of African resistance to colonial rule. (Courtesy, Ezio Bassani)

Queen Njiga (Nzinga)


Saint George in Ethiopian ArtThis image of a black Saint George slaying a dragon, from a seventeenth-century Ethiopian manuscript, attests to the powerful and pervasive Christian influence in Ethiopian culture. (British Library)

Saint George in Ethiopian Art


Sapi-Portuguese saltcellarContact with the Sapi people of present-day Sierra Leone in West Africa led sixteenth-century Portuguese traders to commission this ivory saltcellar, for which they brought Portuguese designs. But the object's basic features--a spherical container and separate lid on a flat base, with men, women, and supporting beams below--are distinctly African. An executioner, holding an ax with which he has beheaded five men, stands on the lid. This piece was probably intended as an example of Sapi artistic virtuosity, rather than for practical table use. (Courtesy, Museo Preistorico y Etnografico, Rome)

Sapi-Portuguese saltcellar


Slave shipThis drawing from a British parliamentary report on slavery shows that the revolting conditions on slave ships sailing to Caribbean and North American ports pale in barbarity beside conditions on the southern route to Brazil, where slaves were literally packed like sardines in a can.

Slave ship


Waist pendant, BeninThis waist pendant of Benin, Edo peoples, Nigeria, has facial features, a beard, and a ruffled collar that are clearly Portuguese. But the braided hair is distinctly African, probably signifying royalty. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. KIlaus G. Perls, 1991 (1991.162.9). Photograph (c) 1991 The Metropolitan Museum of Art)

Waist pendant, Benin


Map: The African Slave Trade

The African Slave TradeDecades before the discovery of America, Greek, Russian, Bulgarian, Armenian, and then black slaves worked the plantation economies of southern Italy, Sicily, Portugal, and Mediterranean Spain--thereby serving as models for the American form of slavery. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


Map: The Atlantic Economy

The Atlantic EconomyBy 1700 the volume of maritime exchanges among the Atlantic continents had begun to rival the trade of the Indian Ocean basin. Notice the trade in consumer products, slave labor, precious metals, and other goods. A silver trade to East Asia laid the basis for a Pacific Ocean economy. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


Map: East Africa in the Sixteenth Century

East Africa in the Sixteenth CenturyIn early modern times, the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, first isolated and then subjected to Muslim and European pressures, played an insignificant role in world affairs. But the East African city-states, which stretched from Sofala in the south to Mogadishu in the north, had powerfully important commercial relations with Mughal India, China, the Ottoman world, and southern Europe. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


Map: Seaborne Trading Empires in the 16th and 17th Centuries

Seaborne Trading Empires in the 16th and 17th CenturiesBy the mid-seventeenth century, trade linked all parts of the world, except for Australia. Notice that trade in slaves was not confined to the Atlantic but involved almost all parts of the world. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


the earth and its peoples 3 rd edition chapter 19 the atlantic system and africa, 1550-1800 cover...

Documents

bestknown african slave

african pillar tombembedded

african kings

huge slave trade

transatlantic slave

enormous asianafrican

east africa

chinese plates