the earth and its peoples 3 rd edition chapter 34 globalization at the turn of the millennium cover...

The Earth and Its Peoples

3rd edition

Chapter 34

Globalization at the Turn of the Millennium

Cover Slide

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

AIDS billboard, MalaysiaIn 2002 the Population Division of the United Nations calculated that 40 million persons around the world were infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS--the fourth leading cause of death in the world. This dramatic billboard warns people in Malaysia about the deadly dangers of AIDS. The billboard offers sound advice, focusing on the three primary ways by which the AIDS virus is spread. (Robert Francis/The Hutchison Library)

AIDS billboard, Malaysia


China's stock exchangeThe happy faces of these young workers are in harmony with China's dynamic economy and its exuberant stock market in the 1990s. The Chinese Exchange relies on modern electronic trading, as this photo suggests, and speculation is intense. (Wally McNamee/Corbis)

China's stock exchange


Civil war in RwandaAfter Hutus and Tutsis slaughtered each other in genocidal ethnic conflict in Rwanda in 1994, thousands of refugees fled to neighboring Zaire, where many died in a cholera epidemic. The bodies of some of the cholera victims lie beside the road, as streams of refugees observe from the other side. (Peter Turnley/Corbis)

Civil war in Rwanda


Demonstrations, IndonesiaThe government of General Suharto in Indonesia concentrated mainly on economic development. Blessed with large oil revenues, it welcomed foreign capital, expanded the Indonesian middle classes, and achieved solid economic growth for a generation. In 1997 Indonesia was suddenly devastated by financial crisis, and in 1998 student demonstrations played a decisive role in driving Indonesia's aging president from office as calls for democratic reform swept the country. Here we see students burning General Suharto in effigy in May of 1998. (Kees/Corbis Sygma)

Demonstrations, Indonesia


Educational TV, South AfricaA South African TV crew films Soul Buddyz, a popular show for children that grapples honestly with everything from sexuality and AIDS to child abuse and physical disabilities. This show was inspired by Soul City, an award-winning soap opera for teenagers and young adults that includes practical information on safe sex and HIV infection. (Louise Gubb/Corbis Saba)

Educational TV, South Africa


Foot-and-mouth disease, EnglandThe outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 2001 raised questions about globalization and strained relations within the European Union. Here a Spanish border official sprays disinfectant on the wheels of a French truck in March 2001, as part of the European effort to keep the disease from spreading. (Reuters/Archive Photos/Getty Images)

Foot-and-mouth disease, England


Guggenheim Museum, BilbaoPraised by admirers as the "first great building of the twenty-first century," the Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, is an exotic undulating museum of contemporary art, intended to revitalize the Basque region of northwestern Spain through international prestige, cultural renaissance, and tourism. Selected in a global competition, the design of the American architect Frank O. Gehry (1929-) relies heavily on three-dimensional computer modeling to hold dramatic opposites in delicate balance, as well as to translate complex forms into construction blueprints. (Jeff Goldberg/Esto)

Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao


Iran's reform movementDefying threats by the supreme leader of an army crackdown, thousands of male and female Iranian students mobilized repeatedly at Teheran University in November 2002 in defense of a popular reform-minded professor sentenced to death for blasphemy. The sentence was later overturned. (AFP/Corbis)

Iran's reform movement


Justice for victims of PinochetWith their faces covered with death masks, demonstrators outside Britain's High Court in 2000 hold up crosses carrying pictures of the "Disappeared"--the thousands kidnapped and allegedly murdered in Chile between 1973 and 1988 under the military dictatorship of General Pinochet. The High Court ruled against extraditing Pinochet to Spain to stand trial, but he was finally charged with torture and murder when he returned to Chile. (Dan Chung/Reuters NewMedia Inc/Corbis)

Justice for victims of Pinochet


Kofi Annan and Nobel Peace PrizeThe key role of the Security Council in the Iraqi weapons crisis of 2002-2003 highlighted the renewed prominence of the United Nations in world affairs after the disappointments of the mid-1990s. This revival owed a great deal to Kofi Annan (b. 1938), the confident, compassionate African diplomat who headed the international organization beginning in 1997. Annan offered an inspiring moral vision of a global community committed to peace, democracy, and universal human rights. Here he discusses his Nobel Peace Prize in 2001. (Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis)

Kofi Annan and Nobel Peace Prize


Mandela and de KlerkIn 1964 Nelson Mandela, an African National Congress leader, was convicted of treason and sentenced to life imprisonment. When Frederik W. de Klerk, an Afrikaner lawyer and politician, came to power as the new president of South Africa in September 1989, he opened a dialogue with ANC leaders and in February of 1990 freed Mandela. In this photo Nelson Mandela and de Klerk shake hands following a televised presidential debate in the 1994 electoral campaign. Mandela won and replaced de Klerk as president of South Africa after 350 years of white supremacy. (Mark Peters/Sipa Press)

Mandela and de Klerk


Millennium celebration, SydneyUncertainties about what lay ahead for the world in the twenty-first century took a backseat to exuberant festivities as the millennium ended. In Australia the sleek modern silhouette of Sydney's opera house and the neon signs of major corporations epitomized the hopes of many. (Sydney Morning Herald/Sipa Press)

Millennium celebration, Sydney


New York 9/11New York City pedestrians race for safety on September 11, 2001, as the first World Trade Center tower collapses after being hit by a jet airliner. Al-Qaeda terrorists with box cutters hijacked four aircraft and used three of them as suicide missiles to perpetrate their unthinkable crime. Heroic passengers on the fourth plane realized what was happening and forced their hijackers to crash in a field. (Wide World Photos)

New York 9/11


Palestinian checkpoint

Palestinian checkpointAn Israeli soldier watches Palestinians passing through the Surda checkpoint near the West Bank city of Ramallah in 2002. Israel's military reoccupation of the West Bank since 2000 features severe restrictions on Palestinian travel between and within Palestinian towns and cities, in part to protect growing Israeli settlements in the occupied territories. (Ammar Avad/Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis)


Presidential election, NigeriaIn February, 1999, tens of millions of Nigerians enthusiastically went to the polls in a free election, as civilian rule replaced military dictatorship in Africa's largest country. This tiny woman, a domestic servant in the capital city of Lagos, is making her voice heard. (Ozier Muhammad/NYT Pictures)

Presidential election, Nigeria


Rebuilding shanty settlement, MexicoSurging population growth in Third World countries had particularly severe consequences for housing. Makeshift squatter settlements were a striking manifestation of the urban housing problem. These shantytowns, also known more positively as self-help housing, grew much faster than more conventional urban areas. By the 1970s some excellent studies stressed the vitality of what were seen as real neighborhoods, where poor but enterprising inhabitants relied on their own efforts to improve their living conditions. In this photo a hardworking couple in self-help housing in Mexico City add a second floor to their home in a hilltop barrio. (Mark Henley/Panos Pictures)

Rebuilding shanty settlement, Mexico


Singapore: Highways for 21st centuryOne small but telling indicator of our global interconnectedness is the surprising similarity of the popular subjects being searched at any given time at Google.com--the world's leading Internet search engine--by people from all over the world in several different languages. Technology accelerates the flow of information and the interaction of countries and cultures. In this photo, a new expressway in Singapore supports excellent public transportation, while a telecommunications ground station relays messages from around the world on the Internet superhighway. (AFP/Corbis)

Singapore: Highways for 21st century


SOS-RacismeThis was one of the many demonstrations organized by SOS-Racisme, a leading French force in the fight against hostility and violence toward immigrants in Europe. "Don't touch my pal" warns the slogan on the uplifted hand. (G. Merillon/Gamma)

SOS-Racism


Terrorism in Northern IrelandIn August of 1998 a powerful car bomb suddenly devastated the busy shopping district of Omagh, killing twenty-nine persons and maiming two hundred more. The most deadly terrorist act in thirty years of often violent political conflict in Northern Ireland, this bombing by a dissident IRA group sought to derail peace negotiations between Catholic and Protestant leaders. (Lewis Alan/Corbis Sygma)

Terrorism in Northern Ireland


Twin Lights, New York CitySix months after the terrorist attacks, beams of light in lower Manhattan commemorated the destroyed twin towers of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, and those who perished in them. (AFP Photo/Doug Kanter/Getty Images)

Twin Lights, New York City


UN in BosniaA Bosnian Muslim refugee arrives at the United Nations base in Tuzla and with her anguished screams tells the world of the Serbian atrocities. Several thousand civilians were murdered at Srebrenica, and Western public opinion finally demanded decisive action. Efforts continue to arrest those Serbs believed responsible and to try them for crimes against humanity. (J. Jones/Corbis Sygma)

UN in Bosnia


UN inspectors in IraqUnited Nations inspectors search for weapons of mass destruction inside a military complex north of Baghdad. Although United Nations inspections in 2002 and 2003 failed to uncover prohibited weapons, Iraqi cooperation in the disarmament process was incomplete. Asserting that Saddam Hussein was still hiding chemical and biological weapons, the United States and Britain launched a massive invasion of Iraq in March 2003. (Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis)

UN inspectors in Iraq


Unemployment, JapanJapanese young people, who once could expect many first job offers after leaving school, suffered severely from the recession that began in 2001. These job seekers, like many others, have headed to Young Hellowork in Tokyo, the nation's first employment center designed specifically for young men and women. (Kazuhiro Nogi/AFP/Corbis)

Unemployment, Japan


Map: Contemporary Europe

Contemporary EuropeNo longer divided by ideological competition and the cold war, today's Europe features a large number of independent states. Several of these states were previously part of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, both of which broke into many different countries. Czechoslovakia also divided on ethnic lines, while a reunited Germany emerged, once again, as the dominant nation in central Europe. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


Map: The Ethnic Composition of Yugoslavia, 1991

The Ethnic Composition of Yugoslavia, 1991Yugoslavia had the most ethnically diverse population in eastern Europe. The Republic of Croatia had substantial Serbian and Muslim minorities. Bosnia-Herzegovina had large Muslim, Serbian, and Croatian populations, none of which had a majority. In June 1991, Serbia's brutal effort to seize territory and unite all Serbs in a single state brought a tragic civil war. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


Map: Modern Islam, 2002

Modern Islam, 2002Although the Islamic heartland remains the Middle East and North Africa, Islam is growing steadily in Africa south of the Sahara and is the faith of heavily populated Indonesia. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


Map: Palestine, Israel, and the Middle East, 1947-2003

Palestine, Israel, and the Middle East, 1947-2003Since the British mandate expired on May 14, 1948, there have been five major wars and innumerable armed clashes in what was formerly Palestine. After winning the War of Independence in 1948, Israel achieved spectacular victories in 1967 in the Six-Day War, occupying the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank. The Yom Kippur War of 1973 eventually led to the Israeli evacuation of the Sinai and peace with Egypt. In 1993 Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization agreed in principle to self-rule for Palestinian Arabs in the West Bank in five years, and in 1994 the Gaza Strip and Jericho were placed under the administration of the Palestinian Authority. Negotiations in Washington in 2000 failed to reach a final peace agreement, and armed conflict began again. The Israeli army reoccupied much of the West Bank, and the peace process collapsed. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


Map: World Religions

World ReligionsBelievers in Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism make up large percentages of the population in many countries. Differing forms of these religions seldom coincide with national boundaries. As religion revives as a source of social identity or a rationale for political assertion or mass mobilization, the possibility of religious activism spreading across broad geographic regions becomes greater, as does the likelihood of domestic discord in multireligious states. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


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