the east african tease: discovering the jewels - mdoil east african tease: discovering the jewels...
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The East African Tease: Discovering the Jewels
CJ Matchette-DownesEast Africa Exploration Limited
www.ea-x.com
APPEX March 2008London, England
Ref. K. Burke et al
Opening up of West Versus East Opening up of West Versus East Africa, Continental Margins
The break up of Gondwana has had a Gondwana has had a fundamental control on the make up and timing p gof source rock development in both the
d b kEast and West break-up margins of the super-Continent Gondwana Continent Gondwana
Ref. K. Burke et al
Tectonic Evolution – Emphasis on East AfricaMadagascar Separates from Africa
135mya – Hauterivian
Early CretaceousEarly Cretaceous
200mya – Rhaetian –Late Triassic
165mya – Bathonian –Middle Jurassic
Ref Reeves de Wit
Tectonic Evolution – Emphasis on East AfricaIndia Separates from MadagascarIndia Separates from Madagascar
Strike-Slip Trans-tension
90mya – TuronianL te C et eoLate Cretaceous
135mya – HauterivianEarly Cretaceous
115mya – AptianMid-Cretaceous
Ref Reeves de Wit
Tectonic Evolution –Seychelles & India SeparateSeychelles & India Separate
20mya Miocene20mya - Miocene
90mya – TuronianLate Cretaceous
60mya - PalaeoceneRef Reeves de Wit
East vs West Africa: The differencesEast vs. West Africa: The differences
• Timing – Early vs. late• Style Spreading Ridge vs• Style - Spreading Ridge vs.
Passive margin• Complexity -1 vs 3 phasesComplexity 1 vs. 3 phases• Data - More vs. less wells• Result - ‘Easier’ oil vs ‘harder’ oil• Result - Easier oil vs. harder oil
Ref GeoExpro 2007
General Stratigraphy, West vs. g p yEast Africa
AAPG Memoir 73) Petroleum Systems of South Atlantic Margins. Edited by Marcio Rocha Mello & Barry J Katz 1999
General Stratigraphy Modified from Rusk & BertagneTGS NOPEC Morondava Road Show 2006
Timing West Africa Vs East gAfrica Early Break-up
• Upper Mesozoic vs. Lowermost Mesozoic, continental (lacustrine) oils, ( )
East Africa:
Several periods of failed rifting through Permo-Triassic
Massive thickness of Karoo sediment
Creation of unique rift basins / terrestrial source rockste est a sou ce oc s
Permian Sakoa coals, Madagascar
Triassic Sakamena lacustrine source shales, Madagascar
Reith Bank well in Seychelles penetrated Sakamena to Liassic ageequivalent source rocks
Extraordinarily low geothermal gradient
The early source rocks: yLacustrine East Africa
Lacustrine oils from both east and westernmost East Gondwana
Rifting Upper Cretaceous vs. Lower Jurassic oils (NB active spreading
/volcanism in the West, not so in the East)Notional early Cretaceous restrictedNotional early Cretaceous restricted marine setting
Notional early Mesozoic, restricted marine settingmarine setting
The Oil and gas habitats of the South Atlantic 1997, Edited by NR Cameron, RH Bate & S Clure 1999
Two western Indian Ocean margin, Lower Mesozoic derived oils Tanzania
East Africa, Pemba # 5 oil extract
δ13C‰ saturates -27.54δ13C‰ aromatics -27.02CV -1.96 East Africa, Tundaua
oil seep, Pemba Islandδ13C‰ saturates -27.23δ13C‰ aromatics 26 68δ13C‰ aromatics -26.68CV - 1.99
Jurassic, marine, carbonate dominated source
i.e., the same source – not Campanian, not Eocene
Jurassic, marine, carbonate dominated source
Ref GeoMark Research Inc. O.I.LS. database
EAX in KenyaEAX in Kenya
Offshore ‘Blowing Point’
LeadOffshore
Offshore ‘Mombasa East’
‘Cannon Point’ Lead
‘Mombasa East’ Cluster
Offshore ‘Mombasa
South’ Cluster
Offshore ‘East of Chale Point’
LeadOffshore ‘South of Chale Point’
Lead
Offshore ‘Funzi B ’ L dBay’ Lead
Western Indian Ocean margin Lower Mesozoic Oils: Seychelles
Local tar, Seychelles
Cuttings extract
Side Wall Core extract
Lead 24 – Tilted (Karoo) Fault Block(s) on new long offset seismic data, Seychelles – the next basin north of , yExxonMobil’s Ambilobe basin & well
50km 50km
Open marine, Mid Jurassic to present day in p p yEast Africa, Late Cretaceous to present data
Late cretaceous palaeo-Atlantic geography – fully marine
East Africa: Fully marine settings persisted from mid Jurassic onwards
AAPG Memoir 73 Petroleum Systems of South Atlantic Margins. Edited by Marcio Rocha Mello & Barry J Katz 1999
Return to Continental dominance.West African Tertiary deltaic oils vs.
Western Indian Ocean Tertiary sources, Niger vs. Ruvuma
Note the large Tertiary Delta cones. Could East Africa’s Ruvuma, Rufigi, Limpopo and other deltas generated/hold hydrocarbons?generated/hold hydrocarbons?
Return to Continental source rock dominance West African Tertiary deltaic oils vs. Western Indian Ocean Tertiary sources.de ta c o s s este d a Ocea e t a y sou ces
Niger vs. Ruvuma (Seychelles & India)
Nigerian deltaic source and resultant crude
East Africa deltaic setting –Oleanane present…
Th t b t l t
The two Seychelles oil families
There appears to be at least two source rock families as evidenced in the biomarker assemblages extracted from the tars. On the left the
Waxy Higher Plant (Bombay High a bit more resinous)
older Liassic/Upper Triassic family as seen in Coevity tars and AMOCO well source rocks an Upper Cretaceous / Tertiary source shares some Tertiary source shares some affinities to the oils from Bombay High accumulation (Ref O.I.L.S. database).
Waxy Algal 1
1. Lower C29norHopane and significant, 2. Ol
2
NB high C29, C35
Oleanane
Two very different sterane (M/z 217
distributions (nb scale differences)
g 29, 35 doublet and Gammacerane
Lower Jurassic/Upper Upper Cretaceous/TertiaryJurassic/Upper
Triassic
Upper Cretaceous/Tertiary
Bombay High analogue
Seychelles Vs Bombay High/Cambay Basin/Indus – Tertiary sourced oils
Tertiary higher plant derived oils from Seychelles / Pakistan / India
Tertiary higher plant oil / tar ball/ tar ball
Ref Philp / SEYPEC
The Jewels – thus farThe Jewels thus farSomalia
Ruhoi River (5km from Wingayongo) Oil seepMandura Basin oil seeps/shows
KenyaMandura Basin oil seeps and showsTarbaj Hill Oil seepPandangua #1: Oil showsRia Kalui #1: Tarry bitumens (Triassic Maji-ya-Chumvi fish beds)C S ff O
Ruhoi River (5km from Wingayongo) - Oil seepLukuliro: Gas shows - tars, sands in wells Mita Gamma: Oil showsMandawa: Oil showsMbuo: Oil showsPindiro #1: Wet gasLindi #1: Shallow gas blow outManzi Bay #1 & 2: Gas reservoir ~1 tcf+ Msimbati-1x (67MB equivalent) 28MMscfday-1
Cities Services wells offshore Kenya: Oil shows
Uganda “The Great Lakes”Kingfisher #1 Abertine Graben Heritage 13,900 BOPDMputa #1 Tullow Light flowable oil 30-32 APIWaraga #1 flowable oilCurrently drilling Ngassa #1 then Kingfisher #2T P Kib k Kibi il & K i T il &
Manzi Bay #1 & 2: Gas reservoir, ~1 tcf+, Msimbati-1x (67MB equivalent) 28MMscfdayMtwara # 1 Wet gas blowoutMisimbati: Oil and gas seeps
MozambiqueMocimboa # 1: Oil & gas showsPonta Unifundo and Pemba seepsInhaminga oil showsTuraco, Paraa, Kibuku, Kibiro oil seeps & Kaiso-Tonya oil & gas seeps
TanzaniaMakarawe: Tarry bitumens - Karroo age / JurassicTundaua: Oil seep - Jurassic (not Campanian)Pemba # 5: Oil shows – Jurassic (same as as Pemba # 5)Kiwangwa: Tarry bitumens – Jurassic?Z ib #1 G h
Inhaminga oil showsBuzi gas showsPande & Termane, 1+ tcf Pipeline being expandedInhassoro 2000bbls condensateSunray wells: Oil shows
SeychellesReith Bank #1 oil shows & tar ballsZanzibar #1: Gas shows
Mkuranga #1 Maurel et Prom 19.2 MSCFD – thermogenic gas – 5tcfKimbiji East #1: Gas showsTancan: Gas showsMafia Island: Oil & gas showsSongo Songo: ca. 1+ tcf, Condensate in wells # 1,3,7,9. SS10Okuza island: Oil shows - JurassicN i I l d & ll Oil & h J i
Reith Bank #1 oil shows & tar balls
MadagascarAnkaramy #1 Oil shows & coastal bitumensBemolanga Tar Sands 23B bbl in placeTsimiroro 2.2B bbl in place
NE IndiaNyuni Island & well: Oil & gas shows - JurassicLipwapwatawre: Oil seepMikandani: Oil seepKisangire: Oil shows - JurassicWingayongo: Oil seep – JurassicWingayongo #1 & #2 - 30m & 40m of tar sand
NE IndiaBombay High 3 Bbbls, multiple tcfCambay basin 2.1 Bbbls, 1 tcf
Pakistan
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
• East African Exploration – Permissions• GeoMark Research - Analysis• TPDC NOCK INP SEYPEC Uganda• TPDC, NOCK, INP, SEYPEC, Uganda
& OMNIS – Access to materials• Gladestry Associates & GeoInsight –
East African terrainsEast African terrains
ReferencesReferences
• The Continental Margin of Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar and northernmost South Africa: Delivering the understanding required to unlock new opportunities. JEBCO 2003
AAPG Memoir 73 Petrole m S stems of So th Atlantic Margins Edited b Marcio Rocha Mello & Barr J• AAPG Memoir 73 Petroleum Systems of South Atlantic Margins. Edited by Marcio Rocha Mello & Barry J Katz 1999
• The Oil and gas habitats of the South Atlantic 1997 Edited by NR Cameron, RH Bate & S Clure 1999
Af i ' P t l S t F O t t D t 6th PESGB / HGS Af i C f C• Africa's Petroleum Systems: From Outcrop to Deepwater. 6th PESGB / HGS African Conference, Cape Town 2007
• Petroleum Geology of Africa, New themes and developing technologies Edited by T Arthur, DS Macgregor & NR Cameron 2003
• The Biomarker Guide Volume 2 Biomarkers & Isotopes in Petroleum Exploration & Earth History. KE Peters CC Walters JM Moldowan. Second edition 2005
• O.I.L.S. database GeoMark Research