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The Eastern Wolf What we do and do not know... Linda Rutledge Trent University

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Page 1: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

The Eastern Wolf

What we do and do not know...

Linda RutledgeTrent University

Page 2: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

“... there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the

Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light

greyhound-like form, which pursues deer, and the other

more bulky, with shorter legs, which more frequently

attacks the shepherd’s flocks.” Charles Darwin (1859)

Page 3: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Greyhounds & Mastiffs

Page 4: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like
Page 5: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

small...

Page 6: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

small... reddish...

Page 7: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

small... reddish... deer-eater...

Page 8: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

small... reddish... deer-eater... eastern US/Canada

Page 9: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like
Page 10: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like
Page 11: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like
Page 12: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like
Page 13: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Eastern Coyote Algonquin Wolf NE Ontario Wolf

Algonquin wolves have...

a small skull

Page 14: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Algonquin wolves have...

a small body

Page 15: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Algonquin wolves have...

a reddish pelage

Page 16: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

deer-eaters

Algonquin wolves are...

Page 17: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Algonquin wolves are...

greyish

Page 18: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Algonquin wolves are...

black

Page 19: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Algonquin wolves are...

moose-eaters

Page 20: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Algonquin wolves are...

... variable

Page 21: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like
Page 22: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

mtDNA

Page 23: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

mtDNA

Page 24: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

mtDNA

grey wolves

Page 25: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

mtDNA

grey wolves

coyotes

Page 26: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

mtDNA

grey wolves

coyotes

eastern wolves

Page 27: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Y

Page 28: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Wilson et al. 2000

Page 29: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Wilson et al. 2000

Page 30: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Forest clearing & wolf eradication led to eastern invasion by western coyotes

Page 31: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Red Wolf Great Lakes Wolf Eastern Coyote

Eastern Wolves

Page 32: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Canis lupus x lycaonEastern Timber WolfBoreal Grey WolfOntario Grey WolfGreat Lakes WolfEastern Wolf?Canis lycaon?

Canis lycaon (x latrans x lupus)Algonquin Type Grey WolfEastern Timber WolfEastern Wolf

Canis latrans x lycaon Tweed WolfBrush WolfEastern CoyoteCoywolf

Page 33: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Algonquin Park Wolves:Southern Edge of a Metapopulation?

Page 34: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Coyote Algonquin Wolf Grey Wolf Hybrid

Page 35: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like
Page 36: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

What we don’t know...

Page 37: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

What we don’t know...

?

Page 38: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Karl Popper

“One should never quarrel about words, and

never get involved in questions of terminology. ” Karl Popper

Page 39: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

ESA & COSEWIC think in terms of

“species” and “population size”.

Page 40: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

2.4 billion nucleotides

2.4 billion nucleotides

Page 41: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

2.4 billion nucleotides

19,300 genes

2.4 billion nucleotides

Page 42: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

2.4 billion nucleotides

19,300 genes

2.4 billion nucleotides< 0.00002%

Page 43: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

Algonquin wolf is

the eastern wolf.

Canis lycaon

Great Lakes wolf is

a grey-eastern hybrid.

Canis lupus x lycaon

Eastern coyote is

a coyote-eastern wolf hybrid.

Canis latrans x lycaon

Page 44: The Eastern Wolf - National Wolfwatcher Coalition · “there are two varieties of the wolf inhabiting the Catskill Mountains in the United States, one with a light greyhound-like

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