the ecological footprint€¦ · the ecological footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Ecological Footprint:A Tool for Navigating Tough Choicesin a World of Ecological ConstraintsDr. Mathis WackernagelDr. Steven Goldfinger
Footprint Forum, Policy Seminar, June 7 2010
![Page 2: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Program
What is Biocapacity: how much do we have?and how much do we use?
How does Biocapacity accounting work? Limitations
Applications (Egypt, Optimum Resource Consumption)
Why does it matter?
![Page 3: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Footprint Questions
• Footprint: How much of the regenerative capacity of the biosphere is used by human activities?
• Biocapacity: How much is available within a region?
![Page 4: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Biocapacity?Why not non-renewables (ores,
fossil fuel)?
What about water?
What about EROI?
Why not NPP (Net Primary Production) ?
![Page 5: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“Theoretical Basis”Amount per year
Footprint Area = --------------------------Yield
Amount consumed (C=P+I-E) plus corresponding waste and seeds
Yield (adjusted for land type and productivity)
![Page 6: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Global HectareYield factor
Equivalence factor
Technology…
![Page 7: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Humanity’s Ecological Footprint (1961 onwards)
![Page 8: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Footprint Limitations
![Page 9: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What are the relevant questions?
Airplane dashboard
What do you need to know?
How can you best answer?
![Page 10: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What’s excluded?
• Non-environmental aspects of sustainability
• The size of the deficit tends to be too small
• Reduction of non-renewable resource stocks
• Inherently unsustainable activities• Environmental damage• Loss of biological diversity
![Page 11: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What’s improvable?
• Damage done to the environment by waste and pollutants
• Freshwater consumption is expressed indirectly
• Method is based on some global averages (trade)
• Tourism
![Page 12: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Scientific Process (I)
• TRANSPARENCY• Method papers• Scientific papers• Standards• Webpage• Academic license (free)• Project/research license (low-costs or
free; for quality and against fragmentation)
• Handbook (since 2008)
![Page 13: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Scientific Process (II)
• FORA FOR IMPROVEMENT• Two committees• Research in support of committees• Consensus process on committees• Public and stakeholder input• Structured country research
collaborations (7 + countries)
![Page 14: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Egypt Exercise
![Page 15: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tragedy of the Commons(shrink & share)
The Comedy of Common Sense
![Page 16: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors
![Page 17: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors
![Page 18: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs
an
if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems can renew. The deficit is made up through net-imports, net-carbon emissions to the global atmosphere, or local resource degradation.
Switzerland
Ecological Footprint
Ecological Footprint
Biocapacity per person
Biocapacity per person
Uganda IranBiocapacity per person
Ecological Footprint
ecological deficit
![Page 19: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors in AfricaEcological Footprint and Biocapacity PER CAPITA,1961-2005
![Page 20: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What do these graphs show?
All 24 African countries are rapidly loosing per-capita biocapacity.
Four (blue-shaded) countries have assets that allow them to have a net-import and to burn significant quantities of fossil fuel.
Twelve (yellow-shaded) countries’development is limited by their declining biocapacity, leading to SEVERE conflicts.
![Page 21: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Biocapacity
Ecological Footprint
Shrinking Ecological Credit
Increasing Ecological and Social Instability
![Page 22: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Biocapacity per person
Ecological Footprint
![Page 23: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Optimal Resource Consumption
![Page 24: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
/ = PER CAPITAECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT(DEMAND)
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
BIOLOGICAL DEMANDAND SUPPLY
PER CAPITABIOCAPACITY
(SUPPLY)xAREA
BIO-PRODUCTIVITY
/ POPULATION =
Five Factors
![Page 25: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Measuring “sustainable development”
development HDI
Sust
aina
ble
(fits
on
one
plan
et?)
![Page 27: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
How close are we today to attaining global sustainability?
Conventional belief
natio
nal b
ioca
paci
ty
Collapse
Sustainable path
![Page 28: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Calculating a sub-national, population-based
Ecological FootprintSummary of
Application Standard for calculations at sub-national level
![Page 30: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Step 1: Basic Principles: The Underlying Science of Footprinting
↓Step 2: MACRO: The National Footprint Accounts. Establishing the “global currency” and basic conversion factors.
↓Step 3: From MACRO to MICRO: Applications and techniques building on the National Footprint Accounts
![Page 31: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Footprint Questions
• Footprint: How much of the regenerative capacity of the biosphere is used by human activities?
• Biocapacity: How much is available within a region?
![Page 32: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What is a Human Activity?
• Consumption: Maintaining a population’s consumption (any population: an individual, city, region, state, humanity, by income, gender etc.)
• Production: Supplying ecological capacity for enabling an economy’s value-added process
• Product: Providing a product or service• Process: Maintaining an activity of an
organization
![Page 33: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
•National Footprint Accounts
•National Consumption-Land-use Matrix or Production – Land-use Matrix
•Comparative consumption / production patterns between national average and sub-national average
•Establishment of sub-national Consumption-Land-use Matrix or Production – Land-use Matrix
•Details enhanced with LCA analysis (calibrated against National Footprint Accounts) and local biocapacity studies
Steps for Sub-national Population-based Footprint
Application1
2
3
4
5
![Page 34: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Consumption - Land-use Matrix
In global hectars per
person
Energy land
CropLand
PastureLand
Forest Built-upLand
Fisheries Total
Food
Shelter
Mobility
Goods
Services
Total 2.3 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.3 5.3
![Page 35: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
National Footprint Accounts
P + I – E = C
1 National Footprint Accounts
National Footprint Accounts
P + I – E = C
![Page 36: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
National Footprint Accounts
P + I – E = C
Consumption - Land-use Matrix2
National Footprint Accounts
P + I – E = C
Human activities
Land areas
National Consumption -Land-use Matrix
![Page 37: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
National Footprint Accounts
P + I – E = C
National Consumption -Land-use Matrix
Sub-population
(region, social, individual)
Sub-National Consumption - Land-use Matrix
Comparative consumption patterns between national average and sub-national average
3
Human activities
Land areas
Human activities
![Page 38: The Ecological Footprint€¦ · The Ecological Footprint and biocapacity (per capita) of three countries from 1961-2005. A country runs an if its Footprint exceeds what its ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070808/5f0760917e708231d41cae83/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
National Footprint Accounts
P + I – E = C
National Consumption -Land-use Matrix
Sub-population
(region, social, individual)
Sub-National Consumption - Land-use Matrix
Establishment of sub-national Consumption-Land-use Matrix4
Human activities
National Footprint Accounts
P + I – E = C
Add more detailwith LCA
5