the ecology of timing in host- parasite interactions
TRANSCRIPT
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THE
ECOLOGY
OF TIMING
IN HOST-
PARASITE
INTERACTIONS
Probing The Particulars
Of Periodicity In
Plasmodium Parasites
Aidan O’Donnell
Nicole Mideo
Sarah Reece
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Artificial Biological Clock by Cohen Van Balen
~24 hours
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Artificial Biological Clock by Cohen Van Balen O’Donnell et al 2011 Proc. R. Soc B.
0
1
2
3
Reversed Cycle Normal Cycle
Mismatched Matched
Pa
rasi
te d
en
sity
x 1
09
/ m
l
Reversed Light Room Normal Regime Room
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Artificial Biological Clock by Cohen Van Balen
0
1
2
3
Ring Troph
Matched Mismatched
0
1
2
3
IV IP
Matched Mismatched
Stage Route
2013
Pa
rasi
te d
en
sity
x 1
09 /
ml
O’Donnell et al 2011 Proc. R. Soc. B
0
1
2
3
Reversed CycleNormal Cycle
Mismatched Matched
Reversed Room Normal Room
Pa
rasi
te d
en
sity
x 1
09
/ m
l
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0
2
4
6
8
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
pa
rasi
te d
en
sity
(x10
8 m
l-1)
Day post infection
Matched MisMatched
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 2
pa
rasi
te d
en
sity
(x10
5 m
l-1)
Infection
control
measure?
Barrier to
infection?
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Timing matters in host
Timing & transmission
Does timing matter to
the mosquito?
Indirect consequences
to parasites?
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What are
the fitness
consequences
of timing
to mosquitos?
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Activity of An. stephensi
Rowland (1989) Physiol Entomol
Expected Unexpected
Drosophila:
Periodicity in
susceptibility to
infection Stone (2012) PLoS Pathog.
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7pm 7pm 7am 7am 1pm 1pm 1am
GMT
Evening feed 8pm
Morning feed 10am
Rowland (1989) Physiol Entomol
0
5
10
Matched Mismatched
Cu
mu
lative
pa
rasi
te d
esn
ity
(x 1
08 m
l-1)
P. berghei p = 0.75
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0
50
100
150
200
250
Evening Morning
Evening
Morning
Oocysts
p = 0.15
Proportion infected :
~95% infection success
No difference between Eve/Morn
(p = 0.56)
Oo
cyst
de
nsi
ty
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0
20
40
60
80
control infected
me
an
clu
tch
siz
e
Clutch size
Reduced fecundity in
Infected mosquitos
No effect of timing
21 = 5.12; P = 0.0271
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Time: 21 = 3.39; P = 0.06567
Treatment: 21 = 5.46; P = 0.01944
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
evening morning
pro
po
rtio
n la
yin
g e
gg
s
control infected
Proportion that laid
Timing effects likelihood to
lay
Infection reduces likelihood to
lay
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0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
evening morning
Pro
po
rtio
n t
ha
t la
y
control
infected
First day of egg lay (day 5)
F(1,16) = 17.10; P = 0.0008
Morning fed
mosquitos lay as
soon as they can
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
evening morning
Pro
po
rtio
n t
ha
t la
y
control infected
F(1,18) = 7.70; P = 0.013
Egg lay day 8+
Overall, uninfected
mosquitos more
likely to lay & lay
later
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-No difference in mortality
of inf vs. uninf when no
egg lay
-Increased longevity
through reduced
fecundity
Morning infected
Investing in
Immediate
reproduction
Vézilier (2012) Proc. R. Soc. B
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Timing matters directly to parasites
in the host
Timing also matters indirectly through its effect on mosquitos
Transmission
potential could
depend on when
the vector is infected
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Mosquito
adaptation
to bed-nets
Parasite
adaptation
to timing
-Moiroux (2012) J Infect Dis.
-Charlwood (1987) Med. Vet. Entomol.
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Thank you for listening
Reece Group