the economic impact of immigration a ugust 10, 2004 rob grunewald, regional economic analyst phil...
TRANSCRIPT
The Economic Impact of Immigration
August 10, 2004
Rob Grunewald, Regional Economic AnalystPhil Davies, Staff Writer
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
Additional Resources
•Region Magazine
•fedgazette
•minneapolisfed.org
Fed’s Duties
• Payment Systems
• Safety and Soundness
• Monetary Policy
Economic Impact of Immigration in Minnesota
• Immigrants fill job openings that would likely go unfilled.
• Social services for immigrants are investments, not just transfers.
Total (1000s) and Percent of Population Foreign Born, 2000
This will be a U.S. state map.
Minnesota Foreign Born Population, 2000
Asia
Africa
Latin America
Europe
Canada
Other
Total: 260,463
Percent of Population: 5.3
Change 1990-2000: 130%
United States Foreign Born Population, 2000
Asia
Africa
Latin America
Europe
Canada
Other
Total: 31,107,889
Percent of Population: 11.1%
Change 1990-2000: 57.4%
Wisconsin Foreign Born Population, 2000
Asia
Africa
Latin America
Europe
Canada
Other
Total: 193,751
Percent of Population: 3.6%
Change 1990-2000: 59%
South Dakota Foreign Born Population, 2000
Asia
Africa
Latin America
Europe
Canada
Other
Total: 13,495
Percent of Population: 1.8
Change 1990-2000: 75%
Top Ten Immigrant non-MSA Counties in Minnesota
0 2 4 6 8 10
Sibley
Blue Earth
Freeborn
Steele
Mower
Kandiyohi
Lyon
Rice
Watonwan
Nobles
Percent of Population Born in Asia, Africa or Latin America
Top 10 immigrant non-MSA counties
• Larger population
• Higher percent of employment in manufacturing
• Slightly higher levels of per capita personal income
Compared with rest of non-MSA counties
Population Growth, 1990-2000Minnesota Counties
0 5 10 15 20 25
Rest of non-MSACounties
Top 10 Immigrantnon-MSA Counties
MSAs
Percent Change
Growth in Total Population 1990-2000
Population Growth, 1990-2000Minnesota Counties
0 5 10 15 20 25
Rest of non-MSA Counties
Top 10Immigrant non-MSA Counties
MSAs
Growth in Total Population 1990-2000
Growth Without Immigration
Possible Effects of Immigration on Labor Markets
• Displace native born workers
• Depress wages
Similar changes in unemployment rates from 1990 to 2000.
0 2 4 6 8
Rest of non-MSA Counties
Top 10Immigrant non-MSA Counties
MSAs
Unemployment Rate
2000 1990
Income growth is also similar.
0 10 20 30 40 50
Rest of non-MSA Counties
Top 10Immigrant non-MSA Counties
MSAs
Percent Change in Income of Males 15 Years+ with Income, 1989-1999
Immigrant labor has been “a key, key factor in our success in keeping up with demand.”
-- John Swedeen
President of StarMark, Sioux Falls
“American kids don’t want to take those jobs; they leave for the [Twin] Cities.”
-- Zoltan Grossman
University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Foreign born population has strong need for social and educational services.
0 5 10 15 20
Foreign Born
Total
Percent of Population Below Poverty, 2000
However, poverty rates of top immigrant non-MSA counties fell at similar pace as MSAs.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Rest of non-MSA Counties
Top 10Immigrant non-MSA Counties
MSAs
2000 1990
“My great grandfather had access to a Norwegian newspaper through the county, just as I’m trying to provide Somali newspapers on the computers for our Somali immigrants. For me it’s giving back…immigration is part of who we are, and this is just another point on the timeline.”
-- Pam Westby
Director of Pelican Rapids Public Library
Economic Impact of Immigration in Minnesota
• Immigrants fill job openings that would likely go unfilled.
• Social services for immigrants are investments, not just transfers.
Per Capita Personal Income, 2000Minnesota Counties
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000
Rest of non-MSA Counties
Top 10Immigrant non-MSA Counties
MSAs
Dollars