the effects of ww1. essential questions why, and to what extent, did the first world war constitute...

The Effects of The Effects of WW1WW1

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

Why, and to what extent , did the First World War Why, and to what extent , did the First World War constitute « total war »?constitute « total war »?

Assess the social and economic effects of the First World Assess the social and economic effects of the First World War on two of the countries involved.War on two of the countries involved.

To what extent do you agree with the view that war To what extent do you agree with the view that war accelerates social change?accelerates social change?

The Effects of WW1The Effects of WW1

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Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

Millions of Millions of dead, dead,

wounded or wounded or homeless homeless

peoplepeople

Four Four empires empires broke upbroke up

Self-Self-determination determination

became became popularpopular

New nation-New nation-states were states were

set upset up

New New boundaries boundaries

created created problemsproblems

World World economy economy damageddamaged

What was What was the world the world like after like after

World War I?World War I?

Changes to Changes to societysociety

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Millions of dead, wounded or homeless people

Nearly 8 million soldiers killed.Nearly 8 million soldiers killed.

Millions of young men wounded and permanently Millions of young men wounded and permanently disabled by gas or exploding shells.disabled by gas or exploding shells.

Many others suffered from post-war trauma.Many others suffered from post-war trauma.


Casualty Figures from World War I

57,000750,000

1,800,0001,700,000

1,400,000

France

Germany

Russia

Britain

America

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Millions of displaced refugees who had Millions of displaced refugees who had lost almost everything.lost almost everything.

Poor living conditions, lack of food and Poor living conditions, lack of food and spread of disease.spread of disease.

Many more killed due to diseases.Many more killed due to diseases.

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Four empires broke up

Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia broke up into smaller countries.Russia broke up into smaller countries. Many ethnic groups set up their own nations.Many ethnic groups set up their own nations.

Former colonies of German and Ottoman Empires Former colonies of German and Ottoman Empires administered by Allied Powers until they were ready for administered by Allied Powers until they were ready for self-government.self-government.

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Self-determination became popular

Self-determination and self-government Self-determination and self-government championed as a principle of peace.championed as a principle of peace.

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Austro-Hungarian Austro-Hungarian EmpireEmpire

Czechoslovakia Hungary

Self-determination Self-determination

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New nation-states were set up

NationalismNationalism

Yugoslavia

Lithuania

Latvia

Estonia

Poland Hungary

Many new Many new countries were countries were set up because set up because of nationalism.of nationalism.

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New boundaries created problems

Although new nation-states were formed, ethnic groups Although new nation-states were formed, ethnic groups did not get to form nations of ethnic uniformity.did not get to form nations of ethnic uniformity.

Many ethnic minorities lived within the borders of newly-Many ethnic minorities lived within the borders of newly-created states.created states.

These new borders caused ethnic tension.These new borders caused ethnic tension.

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World economy damaged

World trade disrupted.World trade disrupted. Resources of great powers depleted.Resources of great powers depleted. Farms, factories and industrial areas destroyed Farms, factories and industrial areas destroyed no production. no production. Infrastructure destroyed Infrastructure destroyed lengthy restoration. lengthy restoration. Massive unemployment.Massive unemployment. Countries cash-strapped, saddled with huge debts.Countries cash-strapped, saddled with huge debts.

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Changes to society

Divisions in society were heightened.Divisions in society were heightened.

The war brought to the fore differences between two opposing camps of society — pacifists and militarists.

The horrors of war tilted some groups more towards pacifismpacifism.

But other groups became even more fiercely inclined towards militarismmilitarism. They felt this was the best way to protect their country against invasion and annexation.

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Changes to society

Disillusionment with existing system.Disillusionment with existing system.

Segments of society lost faith in the existing system of Segments of society lost faith in the existing system of government.government.

Looked for alternative social ideologies.Looked for alternative social ideologies.

CommunismCommunism emerged. emerged.

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Changes to society

Changes to the position of women.Changes to the position of women. Many males in the families were killed in the war.Many males in the families were killed in the war. Women’s responsibilities increased.Women’s responsibilities increased. Women’s expectations about their role in society also changed Women’s expectations about their role in society also changed

equal rights, equal opportunities. equal rights, equal opportunities.

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Changes to society

Changes to the position of workers.Changes to the position of workers. Working class given right to vote in recognition of its Working class given right to vote in recognition of its

contributions to the war contributions to the war expansion of electorate. expansion of electorate. Increasing support for government welfare programmes such Increasing support for government welfare programmes such

as state-provided healthcare and education.as state-provided healthcare and education. Greater expectation for equality with middle class and upper Greater expectation for equality with middle class and upper

class.class.

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Millions of Millions of dead, dead,

wounded or wounded or homeless homeless

peoplepeople

Four Four empires empires broke upbroke up

Self-Self-determination determination

became became popularpopular

New nation-New nation-states were states were

set upset up

New New boundaries boundaries

created created problemsproblems

World World economy economy damageddamaged

What was What was the world the world like after like after

World War I?World War I?

Changes to Changes to societysociety

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Homeless people:There were numerous displaced refugees who had lost almost everything.

What does this picture tell you about What does this picture tell you about the impact of World War I?the impact of World War I?

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Destroyed infrastructure: A lengthy restoration was required and the economy was damaged.

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Changes to position of women in society: They expected equal rights, equal opportunities.

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Unemployment: Many jobs were displaced by the war.

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SummarySummary

World War I

Major countries involved

Causes

Impact

Political

Economic

Social

Central Powers

Allied Powers

• Powerful countries.• Competition for colonies.• Arms and naval race.• Alliance system.• Strong nationalism.• Assassination of Archduke of

Austria-Hungary.

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SummarySummary

•Germany•Austria-Hungary•Ottoman Turkey

•Britain•France•Serbia•Russia (until 1917)• Italy (from May 1915)•USA (fought as an Associated Power from 1917)

Major countries involved

Central Powers

Allied Powers

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