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The Electric Power Grid in Transition:Technologies, Markets, and Investments
FirstEnergyEconomic Development ForumOctober 11, 2017 – Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. Gregory ReedDirector, Pitt Center for Energy and the GRID InstituteDirector, Electric Power Systems LaboratoryProfessor, Electrical & Computer Engineering DepartmentSwanson School of Engineering – University of Pittsburgh
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Energy and Electricity – Critical to Our Productivity and Quality of Life
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Electricity – the Life Blood of Modern Society
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What is the Power Grid?
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The U.S. Power Grid
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Power Grid Infrastructure (U.S.)
Transmission
• High voltage
• 400,000 miles
• 16,000 substations
Distribution
• Lower voltage
• 5,000,000 miles
• 60,000 substations
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Today’s Electric Power Systems(AC Networks, One-Way Flow)
and Loads
Generation Transmission Distribution Consumption
Transmission Lines(Ultra High Voltage)
Customer Transmission Lines (High Voltage)
Primary Customer(Medium to Low Voltage)
Secondary Customer(Low Voltage)
Generating Station(Low Voltage)
Substation Step-Down Transformer
SubtransmissionCustomer(Medium Voltage)
Generator Step Transformer
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Challenges for Today’s Power Grid
Resource Transition Consumer Participation
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Electricity demand is expectedto more than double by 2050.
kWH
r(T
rill
ion
s)
4.3 US23 (World)
6 US50 (World)
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U.S. Electricity Generation
(U.S. DOE EIA, report)
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Energy Mix has Evolved Over Time
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Global Electricity Trends by fuel type
(EIA)
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US Electricity Generation
(Washington Post)
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E4P32 - Energy Production to End-Use
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Consumer Participation is Increasing
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Source: Edison Electric Institute (EEI)
Four primary consumer sectors
(electrical consumption)
Four primary consumer sectors
(number of customers- i.e., meters)
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Grid Impacts from Extreme Weather Events
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Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids
Evolving DC-basedLoads and Resources
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Tomorrow’s electric power systems will have hybrid AC-DC networks and multi-way flow
and Loads
Generation Transmission Distribution Consumption
Transmission Lines(Ultra High Voltage)
Customer Transmission Lines (High Voltage)
Primary Customer(Medium to Low Voltage)
Secondary Customer(Low Voltage)
Generating Station(Low Voltage)
Substation Step-Down Transformer
SubtransmissionCustomer(Medium Voltage)
Generator Step Transformer
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PowerPlants
PowerPlants
Transmission
DistributionIndustry Transportation
Commercial Residential
PowerPlants
TransmissionDistribution
TransportationIndustry
Residential
Large-Scale Renewables(all types)
DER, Storage, μ-Grid, DC DER, Storage, μ-Grid, DC
Communications,Control, Security,
Power Conversion,‘N’-Way Interface,Automation, etc.
DER, EV, Storage, μ-Grid, DC DER, EV, Storage, DC
Commercial
Communications,Control, Security,
Power Conversion,‘N’-Way Interface,Automation, etc.
The 21st Century Grid and Its “Interactions”
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Projected Global Energy Supply Investments(by type: 2014-2035)
Source: IEA, World Energy Investment Outlook (2014)
Power dominates the projected investment
Renewables are roughly comparable with (95% of) Upstream Gas
Distribution-level spending is increasing
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• SWPA has a strong energy-economy and energy industry nexus
• Opportunities for resource development, manufacturing, technology R&D
• Needs remain for workforce development in some areas
• Job creation and regional economic strength
• Importance in diversification of energy resources, delivery infrastructure, and end-use technologies
• Policy and regulation are key drivers
Impact on SWPA Economy
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A Brighter Future with Global Implications
THANK YOU
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The University of Pittsburgh’s Role
New Laboratory/Facilities Plans for the Pittsburgh Energy Innovation Center (EIC)
Establishing “The Energy GRID Institute”
(Grid Research and Infrastructure Development)
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The Pitt Center for Energy• University-wide Research Center
• $48 Million R&D portfolio ($23.5-M new grants, FY-2016)• 100+ Faculty and 250-300 Graduate Student Researchers
• Dedicated to improving energy technology research, development, and implementation, including:
• Resources• Delivery and Infrastructure• Utilization• Materials and Storage• Markets• Education and Training
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The Pitt Center for Energy • Areas of Strategic Growth
• INDUSTRY and COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS• Power Electronics and Energy Storage Technologies• Microgrids and Resilient / Secure Energy Systems• Renewable Energy Technology Development and Integration• Direct Current (DC) Infrastructure, Technologies, and Standards• Hybrid AC/DC Systems and Integrated Energy Networks• Electric Vehicle-to-Grid / Transportation Electrification Concepts• Power Systems Operation, Control, and Security • Energy Materials Development and Testing• Energy Policy, Regulation, and Economics
• Need for New/Expanded Facilities and Operations• On-Campus and Off-Campus Options • Off-Campus focus at the Pittsburgh Energy Innovation Center
• Establishing the Energy GRID Institute (June 2016)
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The Energy GRID Institute
• The GRID Institute was announced in June 2016.
• This new entity, grounded in research fromPitt’s Center for Energy, the SSOE and the Electric Power System Laboratory (ECE Dept.), will leverage the University’s public and private partnerships with new labs and facilities at the off-campus Energy Innovation Center building in downtown Pittsburgh, to create a unique andcomprehensive international solution center for the entire electric utility industry.
• The Energy GRID Institute will serve as the nexus for collaborative research that encourages economic growth and job creation for the region and with its partners; enhances Pitt’s incubator, start-up, and commercialization potential; facilities cross-disciplinary andmulti-functional activities; and enables a broad range of service offerings and partnership models.
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The Energy GRID Institute (est. June, 2016)University research & development; and independent industry/community activities
– Focus will be on the ELECTRIC UTILITY INDUSTRY
– Key Facility/Lab: High-voltage and high-capacity capability and multiple use facility
• 15 kV-ac, 5 MVA and 1.5 kV-dc, 1 MVA capacity
• Ring-Bus configuration and dedicated DC area
• AC and DC Energy Environments at Utility Distribution Level
• Distributed Energy Generation, Grid, and Load Integration
• Operation and Control Center, Smart Grid Interfaces
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The Energy GRID Institute- 20,000 ft2 of new labs/facilities- Electric Power Technologies Lab- High voltage AC/DC capabilities
23 kV Bus – substation primary bus
15 kV Bus – unregulated
23 kV – 15 kV 5 MVAVFI + Fuse Link
3 PH 15 kV Bus – regulated
15 kV – 5 kV 1 MVAVFI+ Fuse Link
15 kV Bus Indoor
MV INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AREAS
5 kV Bus Indoor
RRBB
ShuntCap
Bank
F
S S
15kV /480V
1 MVA
3x, 1Ø15kV /120-240V
25 kVA
F
15kV /480V
225 kVA
3x, 1Ø15kV /120-240V
10 kVA
3x, 1Ø 15kV /120-240V
10 kVA
S S
ACDC
1
2
3
4 5 6 7
A
A Amp Guard Fused VFIR RecloserS Sectionalizer
A5 kV
Return
480 Vac / 1000 Vdc
1 MVA
F Fused CutoutsD Air Switch/DisconnectB MV Breaker
60A Resi Panels 1/2/31-Phase 240-120V
60A Resi Panels 4/5/61-Phase 240-120V
200A Panel (Resi)3-Phase – 208/120V
MCCReturnFrom
LV motors
4160V/480V
1 MVA
3x, 1Ø15kV /277-480V
75 kVA
500 HP
A
5 kV Aux Loads
F F
R R
MV OUTDOOR
AREA
B
ACAC
SoftStarter
500 HP
B A
8
LV AC BUSES LV DC BUSES
Programmable and Aux
1 kVdc Loads
1kVdc Switchboard
Programmable and Aux 1 kVdc Loads
Programmable and Aux 1 kVdc Loads
3
380 Vdc Panelboard8
DCDC
PV Connection Transfer Switch
Aux Connection for PV Converter
AC or DC InterfaceTransfer Switch
To Inverter on Bus 4 Programmable and Aux
380 Vdc Loads
Load Types:
- Programmable Loads- Battery Storage- Motors & Drives- Load banks- Small Wind Turbines
Load Types:
- Programmable Loads- Battery Storage- Motors & Drives- Lighting- Load Banks- Small Wind Turbines- 24V and 48V DC Buses
480 V Switchboard1
ACDC
DCAC
Micro-wind generation
ACAC
MAC
DC
3
480 V Panelboard
ACAC
M
4
ACDC
From PV by (3)
480 V Panelboard
ACAC
M
6
GMicroturbine (or CHP system)
480 Vac / 1000 Vdc
1 MVA
DCDC
D
1000VPanelboard
1000V Panelboard
100 HP(x2)
ACAC
M50 HP 75 HP
ACAC
M50 HP 75 HP
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The Energy GRID InstituteElectric Power Technologies Laboratory – Layout Plan, Features, and Capabilities
Proposed EPTL Layout
Power Distribution Areas MV Grid Lab: Reconfigurable lab for
traditional or microgrid projects. Designed using utility-grade distribution equipment.
Test Lab: Isolated testing facility for safe testing of industry technologies, and EPTML research projects.
AC and DC: Flexible power architecture capabilities – AC, DC, and hybrid systems
Specialty Areas Rapid Prototyping: Advanced machine
shop for development of professional grade components and projects.
SCADA Center: Automation, metering, and control for distribution network.
Relaying and Controls: Protective relaying technologies, Phasor-measurement, and advanced control
RTDS Center: Real-Time Digital Simulator and hardware in the loop capabilities – research and testing on industry leading equipment.
Laboratory Ratings and Features
15 kV-ac, 5 MVA and 1 kV-dc, 1 MVA capacity Micro-Grid/Micro-Energy Environment at
Electric Utility Distribution Level Distributed Energy Resource and Load Integration Renewable Technologies (Solar PV, Wind, etc.) Energy Storage, Electric Vehicle-2-Grid Distribution Feeder Infrastructure Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) SCADA and Systems Operations Protective Relaying and Substation Automation Advanced Control and Communications, PMU Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis FACTS and HVDC Control Systems Power Electronics Converters (and other power
technologies development, prototyping, and testing -- e.g., IEEE 1547 certification)
DC standards development (IEC SG 4) Integration of feeder analytics Technology testing and certification
EPTL
Expa
nsio
nAr
ea
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GRID Institute / Pitt Facilitiesat the EIC Building
• Electric Power Technologies Lab – Dr. Gregory Reed – ECE (PI)– High-Voltage/High-Capacity AC and DC Grid Facility
and System Operations Center
• Energy Storage Technologies Lab– Dr. Prashant Kumta – BioE, ChemE (PI)– Nano-Materials for Conversion and Energy Storage
• High-Temperature Corrosion Testing Lab – Dr. Brian Gleeson – MEMS (PI)– Harsh-Environment, High-Temperature Materials Testing
• Energy-Related University Incubator Space– Dr. Rob Rutenbar – VC for Research and ECE (PI).– Lab Spaces for Start-up/Commercialization Activities
EIC/GRID
DowntownPittsburgh
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The Energy GRID Institute- Service Offerings
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The Energy GRID Institute
Current (Initial) Industry and Community Partners($5.7-M in total in-kind and programmatic support, to-date)
ABB ANSYSDominion VP Duquesne Light Co.Eaton, Electrical Emerson Process ManagementEPRI FirstEnergy Corp.Mitsubishi Electric OPAL-RTPitt-Ohio Express RTDSSargent Electric SiemensUniversal Electric
RK Mellon and HL Hillman Foundations
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Center for Energy and GRID Institute Constituents
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Contact Information
Dr. Gregory ReedDirector, University Center for Energy and the GRID InstituteDirector, Electric Power Systems LaboratoryProfessor, Electrical & Computer Engineering DepartmentSWANSON School of EngineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh__________________________________
Tele: 412-383-9862Cell: 412-389-7503E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.engineering.pitt.edu/Gregory_Reed/
http://www.engineering.pitt.edu/cfe/http://www.engineering.pitt.edu/power