the electronic cigarette: effects on craving, withdrawal ...€¦ · – relative to 0mg, the16mg...
TRANSCRIPT
Dawkins, L., Turner, J. & Soar, K.Recreational Drugs Research Team, UELhttp://www.uel.ac.uk/psychology/research/drugs.htm
The Electronic Cigarette: Effects on Craving, Withdrawal Symptoms and Memory
The E-cigarette: what is it?
A battery-operated device which delivers nicotine via an inhaled vapour
Previous studies• Bullen et al. (2010)
– Relative to 0mg, the16mg (Ruyan) e-cig reduced craving but not withdrawal symptoms over 60 minutes.
– Mean tmax: 19.6 mins; mean Cmax: 1.3ng/mL
• Eissenberg (2010)– Compared 2 brands of 16mg e-cigs to tobacco smoking– Only tobacco smoking sig raised blood nicotine levels – Both e-cigs ineffective at suppressing craving
Aim:
To explore the effects of the electronic cigarette (‘White Super’;TECC) on nicotine withdrawal symptoms, craving and working
memory
Methods:• Participants: 85 regular smokers abstinent for
at least 1 hour• Randomly allocated to ‘nicotine’, ‘placebo’ or
‘just-hold’ (single-blind)• Rated craving and withdrawal symptoms
before, 5 & 20 minutes after using the e-cig ‘ad-lib’ for 5 minutes
• A subset (N = 60) completed a working memory task
Measures• Single item craving scale• Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS)• Trigram Working Memory Task (Brown &
Peterson)
T
BN
3 sec presentation
Count backwards in threes
RECALL
Results: demographicsNicotine N = 30
PlaceboN = 28
Just holdN = 27
TotalN = 85
Age 27.70 (8.51)
28.93 (9.82)
31.26 (8.76)
29.23 (9.05)
FTND 4.53 (2.24)
5.71 (1.72)
5.37(2.31)
5.19 (2.14)
Gender M:F 14:16 15:13 13:14 42:43
EthnicityB:W:A:O
7:16:6:1 11:6:4:3 8:11:7:1 26:33:17:5
B = Black; W = White; A = Asian; O = other/undisclosed
Results: craving
# indicates sig difference from baseline * indicates sig difference from just hold ^ indicates sig difference from placebo at each time point (p < 0.05)
#*
#
Results: withdrawal symptoms
# indicates sig difference from baseline * indicates sig difference from just hold ^ indicates sig difference from placebo at each time point (p < 0.05)
Results: WM
* *
*
* indicates a significant difference (p < 0.01) from parallel interval duration under nicotine
Summary & Conclusions• The e-cigarette can reduce craving and (to a
lesser extent) nicotine withdrawal symptoms• BUT the actual nicotine content may be
more important for males than females• Nicotine e-cigarette can prevent the memory
decrement that usually occurs with increasing delays/interference (needs replicating)
Acknowledgements
• Tom Kent (undergraduate student)• Surrayyah Hasna (Undergraduate student)• Dawn Markham (Undergraduate student)• The Electronic Cigarette Company