the ellesmerian 2007 - december

8/9/2019 The Ellesmerian 2007 - December

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-ellesmerian-2007-december 1/136

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4



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Bjijgkq, vk`èig deqv} MEU pqhm{f}v jim }cki vhd} }huv dqhbVpjei }h Vjqjwjl) Fcqev}eij fhbp`k}km j _GFK ei BhmkqiDhqkegi @jig{jgkv j} Lkk`k [ietkqve}u jim vpki} vhbk ukjqv}kjfceig ei }ck V}j}k Vkf}hq) Vck mkfemkm }cj} ji hddkq }h}kjfc }ck EA Gkqbji jim Dqkifc fh{qvkv j} K``kvbkqkFh``kgk wjv ji ksfk``ki} hpphq}{ie}u jim nheikm }ck vfchh` eiNji{jqu 1??7) Fcqev}eij `hhlv dhqwjqm }h ck`peig h{q Ves}cDhqbkqv jppqkfej}k vhbk hd }ck bjnhq whqlv ei Gkqbjiè}kqj}{qk, qjigeig dqhb qhbji}ef phk}v }h phv}"wjq ihtk`v, jim}h }kjfceig Dqkifc }h @hwkq Vfchh`) Vck ev j`vh whqleig hivhbk pqhnkf}v }h vcjqk ckq `htk hd `jig{jgkv jim h}ckq f{`}{qkv we}c uh{igkq p{pe`v }cqh{gch{} K``kvbkqk Fh``kgk)

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7



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3



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F N Vebbhiv> Kè}k Bkqfkijqu

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qkj` jfcektkbki}, jaù jvvev}km au j fjv} hd 6; p{pe`v) Wk―qkchpkd{` }cj} }ckqk we`` ak j p{aèf vfqkkieig j} }ck H`mBjqlk} Cj`` ei Vcqkwva{qu htkq }ck v{bbkq)

Hi j b{vefj` dqhi} wk cjtk cjm h{q akv} fqhp hd Jvvhfej}kmAhjqm ksjbeij}ehi qkv{`}v dhq vktkqj` ukjqv) @{lk ]ju`hq ei

Ukjq 7 jim @hwkq Ves}c Dhqbkq Befcjk` @jig}hi whi }ckeq vh`h tehèi f`jvvkv j} }cev ukjq―v Hvwkv}qu B{vef Dkv}etj`,we}c }ck @hwkq Vfchh` jim Fcjpk` Fcheqv deievceig jvq{iikqv {p ei }ckeq qkvpkf}etk fj}kghqekv) @{lk dkj}{qkmjgjei j} }ck Fckv}kq Dkv}etj` wcki ck jim _jmmu D{``kq whi}ck tehèi m{k} f`jvv, jim wkqk jwjqmkm }ck Aqhwi―v hd Fckv}kq _`j}k ‖ }ck deqv} }ebk }ck n{mgkv cjtk dk`} j pjeq whq}cu hd qkfketeig }ck jwjqm ei }ck `jv} }cqkk ukjqv)

]ck Fh``kgk Fchqj` Vhfek}u pkqdhqbkm Bjvvkv jim b{vefdqhb Bh~jq} jim Cjumi ei fhin{if}ehi we}c bkbakqv hd @{m`hw Fchqj` Vhfek}u ei hik hd }ck bhv} v{ffkvvd{` ktki}vdhq }ck Fchqj` Vhfek}u dhq bjiu ukjqv)

]ck Ch{vk Veigeig Dkv}etj` pqhm{fkm j ètkù ktkieig hd Meviku"}ckbkm b{vef, ih}ja`k dhq fhivemkqja`k kddhq} jimkikqgu ‖ jim hffjvehij` jff{qjfu) ]ck vjbk fji ak vjem dhq }ck }wh ‐Aj}}`k hd }ck Ajimv‒ ktkieigv, we}c N{ik dkj}{qeig jqkfhqm :1 ajimv }jleig pjq} dqhb jfqhvv }ck d{`` jgk qjigk hd }ck vfchh`)

Befcjk` @jig}hi@{lk ]ju`hq

]wh ukjqv jgh E wjv ja`k }h qkphq} ‖ we}c vhbk n{v}edekmpqemk, E dkk` ‖ }cj} 4? }kjbv cjm qkpqkvki}km }ck Fh``kgk ei6? vphq}v) E} ev j bkjv{qk hd fhi}ei{km pqhgqkvv }cj} }cevukjq htkq 3? }kjbv cjtk qkpqkvki}km }ck Fh``kgk ei htkq 6?vphq}v) Th``kuaj`` jim gh`d cjtk akki jmmkm }h }ck Ch{vkfhbpk}e}ehiv èv}, jim we`` ak dh``hwkm iks} ukjq au vwebbeigjim wj}kq ph`h) Jqfckqu wjv ei}qhm{fkm ei}h }ck @hwkq Vfchh` pqhgqjbbk dhq }ck deqv} }ebk }cev ukjq)

Q{gau fhi}ei{kv }h gh dqhb v}qkig}c }h v}qkig}c) ]ck :v} STkinhukm }ckeq vkfhim {imkdkj}km vkjvhi ei j qhw, mkvpe}k}ck d{q}ckq v}qkig}ckieig hd }ck des}{qk èv}) ]ck Vkiehq Vktkiv vemk cjm ji h{}v}jimeig vkjvhi we}ch{} jf}{j`ùweiieig j }qhpcu) ]cku ki}kqkm dh{q bjnhq fhbpk}e}ehiv,`hveig }h }ck weiikqv ei }cqkk hd }ck }h{qijbki}v jim }h }ckmkdkj}km deijèv}v j} Qhvvùi _jql) M{qeig }ck Vktkiv vkjvhi}cku akj} vegiedefji} }kjbv dqhb Be``dek`m, Fck`}kicjb,Fcqev}―v Aqkfhi, Bjqàhqh{gc, Jbp`kdhq}c, Wjqwefl,Aqhbvgqhtk jim Fh`v}hi―v)

:= Fh``kgk q{gau p`jukqv wkqk vk`kf}km dhq }ck `ktk` jahtkFh{i}u v}jimjqm> we}c Vjb @kwev, Njbkv @`hum, Ij}]chbjv, Jmjb Fc{q}hi, Aki Bhqqev, Qcuv Cjukv, FcqevBhqgji, J`ks M{ii, Mjiiu Bj}}ckwv, Njbkv Djqqk``, V}ktkiAjiiev}kq jim Bjql _kjqvhi vk`kf}km dhq }ck Ihq}c Bem`jimvjim J`km K`èv jim Nhk` Gj``ku vk`kf}km dhq Ihq}c Wj`kv) Hd }chvk vk`kf}ehiv }cev ukjq―v :v} ST Fjp}jei, V}kpckiAjiiev}kq, ev j`qkjmu p`jueig pqhdkvvehij` Q{gau @kjg{k dhq Wjqqeig}hi Wh`tkv [imkq 1: vemk) Vjb @kwev `jv} ukjq wjvfchvki }h p`ju dhq }ck Kig`jim [:4A ]kjb jim bhqkqkfki}ù cjv akki fchvki }h nhei }ck Whqfkv}kq Jfjmkbu

Kè}k _`jukq Mktk`hpbki} Gqh{p)

V}kpcki Ajiiev}kq

Vjb @kwev


:1



Mjiiu Bj}}ckwv jfcektkm }ck mev}eif}ehi hd fjp}jeieig }ckVkiehq Wce}fc{qfc Q{gau F`{a Bki―v }kjb }h tef}hqu ei }ckVcqhpvceqk F{p) Ei jmme}ehi }h }ck vk`kf}ehiv j} Ihq}cBem`jimv jim Ihq}c Wj`kv }ckqk wkqk i{bkqh{v Fh{i}uvk`kf}ehiv< hi }cj} dqhi} j vpkfej` bki}ehi b{v} gh }h }ck[:= vemk, wcefc pqhm{fkm k`ktki p`jukqv dhq }ckeq Fh{i}ujgk gqh{p vemk)

]ck cegc z{jè}u hd q{gau fhjfceig cjv `hig akki qkfhgie~km

j} K``kvbkqk, jim }ck v{pphq} Fh``kgk v}jdd getk }h q{gauakuhim }ck Fh``kgk ev vegiedefji}, ah}c j} f`{a jim Fh{i}ujim Qkgehij` vk`kf}hq `ktk` htkq }ck ukjqv) _jq}ef{`jq fhigqj}{`j}ehiv vch{`m gh }h Bq Eji We`èjbv, wch cjv akkivk`kf}km }h akfhbk }ck `kjm fhjfc dhq }ck Bem`jimv [:4}kjb dhq iks} vkjvhi< }cev ev j gqkj} jffh`jmk jv }ckqk jqkhiù dh{q `kjm fhjfckv j} }cev `ktk` ei Kig`jim, jim }cev `ktkèv }ck hik ebbkmej}kù ak`hw }ck Ij}ehij` vemk fhjfceigphve}ehiv)

]ck Geq`v― chflku }kjbv pqhm{fkm ves Fh{i}u p`jukqv, jimves}kki"ukjq"h`m Kbbj Nhcivhi cjm }qej`v dhq }ck Wj`kv[:3 vemk) J tkqu uh{ig :v} SE whi htkq cj`d }ckeq gjbkvjim we`` v}ju }hgk}ckq jim gk} v}qhigkq iks} ukjq) ]ckN{iehq J }kjb #Ukjqv 5 $ :?% whi ktkqu bj}fc, vfhqeig =;ghj`v jim fhifkmeig hiù hik) ]ck [:= vemk whi }ck Ihq}cVcqhpvceqk ]h{qijbki}, we}c }ck [:4v jim [:6v deievceigjv q{iikqv {p)

]ck @ki} }kqb vphq} pqhgqjbbk vjw }ck geq`v wei }ck [:=Ihq}c Vcqhpvceqk Ik}aj`` ]h{qijbki}, jim }ckqk wkqk ghhmvkjvhiv dhq ah}c }ck [:= jim [:; vemkv, wch `hv} hiù hikgjbk kjfc) Dhh}aj`` fhi}ei{kv }h pqhgqkvv we}c }ck gqkj}kv}i{bakq hd }kjbv dek`mkm veifk }ck vphq} wjv qkei}qhm{fkm)

Kbbj Nhcivhi

[:= Ik}aj`` ]kjb

]ck V{bbkq, v{fc jv e} cjv akki, cjv vkki fqeflk} des}{qkvbhqk ih}ja`k dhq }ckeq fjifk``j}ehiv }cji jiu}ceig k`vk)]ckqk wkqk vktkqj` Fh{i}u vk`kf}ehiv dhq Fckvceqk jimVcqhpvceqk, j`}ch{gc }ck bhv} ih}ja`k fqeflk}eigjfcektkbki} j} ji eimetem{j` `ktk` wjv }cj} hd }ck Ckjm hd Geq`v― Gjbkv, Bevv Ck`ki Ghvv, wch wjv vk`kf}km }h p`ju dhq Wj`kv ei j Dh{q Ij}ehiv Whbkiv― Eimhhq Fqeflk}]h{qijbki} ck`m ei Nhcjiikva{qg)

V{ffkvvd{` ]kiiev _`jukqv

]kiiev ev ih `higkq n{v} j v{bbkq vphq} jim e} cjv akki ji

ksfkp}ehij` ukjq dhq }ck vphq} j} }ck Fh``kgk) ]ck Ihq}c

Vcqhpvceqk [:6 Ahuv― jim Geq`v― veig`kv, [:6 Ahuv― jim

Geq`v― mh{a`kv, [:; Geq`v― mh{a`kv jim [:5 Ahuv― mh{a`kv

}e}`kv wkqk j`` whi dhq }ck Fh``kgk) ]ck q{iikqv"{p p`jfk

wjv jfcektkm ei }ck [:; Geq`v― veig`kv fhbpk}e}ehi)

_jq}ef{`jq bki}ehi vch{`m gh }h Ukjq 3 p{pe`, Fcqev}eji

Fekvèl, wch p`jukm ‖ jim p`jukm j vegiedefji} pjq} ‖ ei }ck

v{ffkvvd{` [:5 }kjb) ]ck Geq`v― Vkiehq }kjb wkqk deijèv}v

ei }ck Jakqmjqk F{p, jim j} }ebk hd vpkjleig }ck [:6 }kjb

cjtk uk} }h p`ju }ck Fh{i}u deij`) J} j ihqbj` des}{qk `ktk`

}ck :v} }kjb wjv {imkdkj}km, jv wkqk }ck [:6 }kjb, wce`k

}ck [:;([:= }kjb `hv} hiù hik bj}fc)

Akuhim }ck }kjb ktki}v }ckqk wkqk j`vh fhivemkqja`k

v{ffkvvkv) Qchmqe Dek`mch{vk wjv vk`kf}km }h p`ju gh`d dhq

}ck Ahuv― [:4 Wk`vc vemk) Ded}kki"ukjq"h`m Gkhqgk ]j}fck``

cjv akki we}c }ck Kig`jim fjihkeig }kjb dhq 6 ukjqv) ]cev

ukjq ck wjv vk`kf}km dhq }ck Deqv} [:7 Veig`k Fjijmeji

fj}kghqu jim wjv vk`kf}km }h qkpqkvki} Gqkj} Aqe}jei jv

‐}hp ahj}‒ j} }ck _qk"Whq`mv ktki} ‖ j

wjqb"{p dhq }ck N{iehq

Whq`m Fcjbpehivcepv

iks} ukjq ‖ ei }ck

F~kfc Qkp{aèf }cev

V{bbkq) ]qjtk` cjv

akki j dkj}{qk hd

Gkhqgk―v èdk }cev ukjq

jv ck cjv j`qkjmu

}qjeikm hq qjfkm ei

J}ckiv jim V`htkiej,

jim `j}kq ei }ck

V{bbkq we`` qjfk j}Aqj}ev`jtj ei }ck

Mji{ak F{p)

Qchmqe Dek`mch{vk


:6



@jv} bhi}c ck whi }ck Veig`k Fjijmeji fj}kghqu ei }ck [:4Aqe}evc Fcjbpehivcepv, wcefc bkjiv ck cjv akki Aqe}evcFcjbpehi ei cev jgk gqh{p dhq }ck `jv} }cqkk ukjqv)

Qjigk qkd{qaevcbki} cjv vhbkwcj} èbe}km vchh}eig }cevukjq, a{} e} fhi}ei{kv }h ak ji ksfkp}ehij`ù v}qhig jf}ete}u j}}ck Fh``kgk) ]ck qkd{qaevcbki} kidhqfkm j gqkj}kq {vk hd jeq qed`kv jim }cev cjv getki {v }ck hpphq}{ie}u }h {ikjq}c j qefctkei hd }j`ki} }cj} ahmkv tkqu wk`` dhq }ck d{}{qk) Ei @hwkq

Vfchh` }ki"ukjq"h`m Njfha Qhakq}v wjv jffkp}km ei}h }ckWk`vc Jeq Qed`k vz{jm we}cei }wh bhi}cv hd v}jq}eig vchh}eig)G{u Fhhpkq jim Quji We`èjbv cjtk akki }qjeieig we}c }ckWk`vc Jeq Qed`k Vz{jm, jim Jimqkw Bjei jim QefcjqmAk`fckq jqk ei }ck Gqkj} Aqe}jei N{iehq Vz{jm jim jqkfhbpk}eig ei }ckeq deqv} ei}kqij}ehij` bj}fc }cev v{bbkq) Ei}ck Vkiehq Vfchh` Bj}}ckw V}kgg`kv cjv akki }qjeieig we}c}ck Wk`vc vchh}eig vz{jm) ]ck qjigk qkd{qaevcbki} we`` akfhbp`k}km htkq }ck v{bbkq, jim }ceigv `hhl tkqu aqegc} dhq }ck d{}{qk)

]ck Jmtki}{qh{v ]qjeieig vemk hd }ck Fh``kgk fhi}ei{kv }hd`h{qevc, jim }ck }cqkk"mju kspkme}ehi pqhgqjbbk kjqèkq }cevwkkl wjv, E {imkqv}jim, v{ffkvvd{` jim kinhuja`k mkvpe}k}ck gqeb wkj}ckq) ]cev ukjq cjv vkki j ikw Jmtki}{qh{v

]qjeieig pqhgqjbbk ei}qhm{fkm dhq Ukjq 5 v}{mki}v, wcefc Elihw cjv pqkpjqkm }ckb wk`` dhq }ck wemkq qjigk hd fchefk}cku djfk ei Ukjq :?)

Gkhqgk ]j}fck``

Gqh{p Fjp}jei F{iieigcjb ghkv hi qegc}ù }h pqjevk Bq C{}fceivhi―v `kjmkqvcep hd }ck FFD jim fhbbki} hi chw ckev dhq}{ij}k }h `kjm v{fc j v}qhig }kjb hd hddefkqv) V}qef}ùvpkjleig, E wh{`m cjtk }h mevjgqkk we}c }cev n{mgkbki}> }ckv{ffkvv hd }ck FFD jim }ck v}qkig}c hd }ck }kjb q{iieig e} evih} j bj}}kq hd ghhm dhq}{ik a{} qj}ckq hik hd cjqm whql,ei}k`ègkifk jim j}}ki}ehi }h mk}je`) E} ev ih} Bq C{}fceivhi}cj} ev dhq}{ij}k, a{} }ck bkbakqv hd }ck Fh``kgk wch akikde}

dqhb }ck }cqkk aqjifckv hd }ck FFD)

Hd fh{qvk, }ck Jmtki}{qh{v ]qjeieig k`kbki} ev ih} fhideikm}h }ck FFD) ]ck M{lk hd Kmeia{qgc Aqhi~k, Ve`tkq jim Gh`mgqh{pv fhi}ei{k }h }cqetk) ]cev ukjq vjw :6 K``kvbkqejivqkfketk }ckeq Gh`m Jwjqmv, vhbk}ceig hd j a{bpkq fqhp) @jv}ukjq―v Gh`m Jwjqm kspkme}ehi, fjihkeig ei Dqjifk, wjv jgqkj} v{ffkvv mkvpe}k pqk}}u dh{` wkj}ckq jim fhiv}ji} qjei) Ejb v{qk }cj} Bqv BfFjq}cu jim ckq }kjb jqk chpeig dhq vhbk}ceig ak}}kq }cev ukjq, j`}ch{gc }ck j{g{qekv jqk ih}ghhm)

@jv} V{bbkq―v Whq`m Fcj``kigk kspkme}ehi }h Ahqikh vjw

}cqkk Fh``kgk p{pe`v }jlk pjq} ei j n{ig`k v{qtetj` fh{qvk,fèba }ck vkfhim cegckv} bh{i}jei ei Vh{}c Kjv} Jvej,vpkim }ki mjuv hi j fhbb{ie}u pqhnkf} f`kjqeig j `jlk jimbjleig dhh}pj}cv jim aqemgkv jim teve} ji Hqjig [}jigvjif}{jqu) ]cku j`vh bjijgkm }h de} ei }cqkk mjuv― tkqu wk`` "kjqikm qkv} jim qk`jsj}ehi hi j mkvkq} ev`jim)

Detk Fh``kgk p{pe`v }hhl pjq} ei }ck Ihqmef Fcj``kigk m{qeig}ck @ki} Cj`d ]kqb) ]ck }qep eif`{mkm j teve} }h @e``kcjbbkq jim ]ck Hùbpef V}jme{b wckqk }ck K``kvbkqk }kjbpjq}efepj}km ei j aej}c`hi fcj``kigk wcefc eif`{mkm vleeig jimqed`k vchh}eig) Ei }ck ktkieig }ck gqh{p cjm }ck hpphq}{ie}u }h}hahggji mhwi d`hhmè} }qjflv) Dh``hweig b{fc pqjf}efk, }ck}kjb j`` jfcektkm }ckeq Aqhi~k Ihqmef Vleeig Fkq}edefj}k jimhik p{pe`, Cjqqek} Mkthij`m, whi }ck pqe~k dhq }ck djv}kv}

dkbj`k ihtefk vlekq jqh{im j ; le`hbk}qk fh{qvk)]ck Fh``kgk―v Gqkki ]kjb fhi}ei{kv }h mktk`hp jimv}qkig}cki) ]cev ukjq e} cjv akki a{vu fhbphv}"a{e`meig,ckmgk"p`ji}eig jim }qkk"p`ji}eig #we}c 7? }qkkv p`ji}km }cevukjq%) ]ck ]kjb cjv kv}jaèvckm j we`mèdk jqkj jim eiv}j``kmj ve~kja`k i{bakq hd aeqm jim aj} ahskv) ]h v{pp`kbki} }ckpqjf}efj` kiteqhibki}j` jf}ehi hd }ck Gqkki ]kjb,jppqhsebj}kù ¦1??? wjv qjevkm au bkbakqv hd @hwkq Vfchh` }hwjqmv tjqeh{v kiteqhibki}j` ghhm fj{vkv)

E} cjv eimkkm akki j tkqu a{vu ukjq dhq Fh``kgk p{pe`v ‖ e}j`wjuv ev) Chwktkq, K``kvbkqk Fh``kgk ev j wemkq fhbb{ie}u}cji vebpù }ck p{pe` ahmu) ]ck H`m K``kvbkqejiv cjtk cjm jvebe`jqù tkqu a{vu ukjq) E} leflkm hdd we}c j Dkv}etj` wcefcj}}qjf}km wk`` htkq ;?? pkhp`k }h j vkqekv hd vphq}v bj}fckv,eif`{meig j z{e}k aq{}j` HK [imkq 6?v t HK Htkq 6?v q{gaubj}fc) Ik}aj``, chflku jim detk"j"vemk dhh}aj`` dhq}{ij}kùmemi―} jmm }h }ck ein{qu }j`ù, jim }ck Fchqj` Whqlvchp wjvvebe`jqù dqkk dqhb ein{qu) J Fcjpk` Vkqtefk, fcjbpjgikqkfkp}ehi jim v{ppkq qh{imkm hdd }ck ktki}) ]ckqk we`` ak j`hwkq lku ‖ a{} E jb v{qk kinhuja`k ‖ HK vphq}eig ktki} ei

Ckèfhp}kq `jimeig hi _jqqu―v Dek`m

]ck bhv} vegiedefji} ktki} dhq }ck FFD }cev ukjq wjv }ckAekiiej` Eivpkf}ehi, fhim{f}km au Gqh{p Fjp}jei _j{`F{iieigcjb, f{qqki} V}j}ehi Fhbbjimkq j} QJD Vcjwa{qu)Ghhm {vk wjv bjmk hd }ck Gqh{p Fjp}jei―v bhmk hd }qjivphq}> }ck ckèfhp}kq ck jqqetkm ei wjv pqkvvkm ei}hvkqtefk jim htkq 6? fjmk}v }hhl }ck hpphq}{ie}u }h }jlk Jeq Kspkqekifk Dègc}v m{qeig }ck pkqehm hd }ck Eivpkf}ehi)

E jb p`kjvkm }h vju }cj} Gqh{p Fjp}jei F{iieigcjb―v qkphq}hi }ck FFD wjv ks}qkbkù phve}etk) Ck wjv pjq}ef{`jqùebpqkvvkm au }ck wju ei wcefc }ck vkiehq p{pe`v hddkqkmphve}etk g{emjifk jim qh`k bhmk`v }h }ck uh{igkq bkbakqvhd }ck fhi}eigki}>

) ) ) }ck cegc pqehqe}u getki }h }ck mktk`hpbki} hd `kjmkqvcep vle``v ev pjq}ef{`jqù jmbeqja`k) ]ckfhidemkifk pqhbh}km }cqh{gc }ck bkme{b hd vkiehq fjmk}v }kjfceig }ckeq n{iehqv ) ) ) qkd`kf} gqkj} fqkme} hi }ck z{jè}u hd }ck eiv}q{f}hqv j} j`` `ktk`v)


:=



kjqù Vkp}kbakq iks} }kqb) ]ck [imkq 6?v t Htkq 6?v des}{qkwe`` ak qkpkj}km, vh wk fji `hhl dhqwjqm }h bhqk a`hhmvckm)

Jv ktkq, }ckqk cjtk akki }ck {v{j` wk``"v{pphq}km meiikqv}cev ukjq, we}c ktki}v ei Nkqvku, Bjifckv}kq, @etkqphh`,@{m`hw, Hvwkv}qu Gh`d F`{a, _kbaqhlkvceqk jim _jqev) ]ck_jqev HK Meiikq }hhl p`jfk ei }ck Ei}kq"J`èkv F`{a, jvp`kimem tki{k }cj} wjv hifk pjq} hd }ck Aqe}evc Kbajvvu)H`m K``kvbkqejiv wkqk j`vh v}qhigù ei ktemkifk j} }ck

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:4



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:7



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{idhqgk}}ja`k dhq }ck j{mekifk) Jèfk Mjpèig jim _j{`j TjiIeklkql mem ji ks}qkbkù ghhm nha v{pphq}eig bk jv }ckuwkqk }ck ajflahik hd }ck p`ju) Hd fh{qvk, hik fjiih} bjlkj gqkj} p`ju we}ch{} j gqkj} fjv} jim E jb pqh{m hd ktkquhikei h{q pqhm{f}ehi)

Ejei Mevvpjei

Ihi"[iedhqb Mju*

Ch{vk Ih}kv " Wjlkbji"@jbajq}

Dhf{veig hi }ck qjfkv }h fhbk

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kinhuja`k fhbpk}e}ehi we}c j`` }kjbv geteig hd }ckeq akv} jimvhbk v}qhig eimetem{j` pkqdhqbjifkv, pjq}ef{`jqù dqhb Dj~wch p`jukm }cqh{gc ein{qekv v{v}jeikm m{qeig }ck bj}fc)

J dji}jv}ef jd}kqihhi hd fhbpk}e}ehi hd }ck cegckv} hqmkq wjv kinhukm dhq }ck Ch{vk Chflku Fhbpk}e}ehi) Ah}c }ckVkiehq jim N{iehq Geq`v― }kjbv gjtk }ckeq j`` ei ktkqu bj}fcjim }ck v}jimjqm hd chflku p`jukm wjv }ck cegckv} E cjtkvkki ei j Ch{vk fhbpk}e}ehi) ]ck Vkiehq Geq`v mqkw kjfchd }ckeq bj}fckv jim wkqk ks}qkbkù {i`{flu ih} }h wei,cjteig cjm }ck bjnhqe}u hd }ck p`ju jim fcjifkv, jgjeiv} jtkqu v}qhig ]jàh} vemk) ]ck N{iehq Geq`v aj}}`km kz{j`ùcjqm jim p`jukm vhbk tkqu ghhm chflku we}c hiù vesp`jukqv jtje`ja`k)

@jv} ukjq wjv tkqu ghhm dhq {v ei }ck Fqhvv"Fh{i}qu

Fhbpk}e}ehi jim }cev ukjq wk jgjei dek`mkm j tkqu v}qhig}kjb ei j`` jgk gqh{pv)

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]ck Ei}kqbkmej}k }kjb hd N)Ihqbji, A)_j}}kqvhi,F)Dkqg{vvhi, G)Dhqgqjtk, J)Fhhpkq, F)Qhmmj, J)F`kw`hw,A)Be}fck``, N)Gh{`m jim J)Fhhlvku mhbeij}km }cev vkf}ehi,weiieig }ck bjei qjfk jim fhbeig vkfhim ei }ck qk`ju)]cku wkqk fhbdhq}jaù"p`jfkm ei deqv} p`jfk htkqj``)

]ck Vkiehq }kjb hd F)Bhqgji, J)A{q`ku, B)A{qqhwv,F)Fjq`, @)Aqkqk}hi, I)Dhqgqjtk, V)Hik`, N)Gj``ku,C)Fh`èvhi, F)Eqau wkqk kz{j`ù v}qhig, qkpkj}eig }ckv{ffkvv hd }ck Ei}kqbkmej}k }kjb) ]cev bkji} }cj}Wjlkbji"@jbajq} wkqk }ck weiikqv ei }ck htkqj``fhbpk}e}ehi au j vegiedefji} bjqgei)


11



]ck Vkiehq Mkaj}eig }kjb hd Ejei Mevvpjei, Iei Fhhpkq jim NkmMkicjb wkqk vhbkwcj} {ipqkpjqkm dhq }ckeq }{vv`k we}cBkuik` Ch{vk jim fjbk hdd vkfhim akv}) Chwktkq, ei j tkqupqhdkvvehij` jim f`hvk dh{gc} fhi}kv}, }ck N{iehq }kjb hd Njbkv@kjcu, Dqkmmek Ckq~hg jim @{lk H}}jwju wkqk ja`k }hmkvpj}fc }ckeq Bkuik` }kjb ei hpphve}ehi)

]cku wkqk pqhphveig }cj} }ck Chih{qv vuv}kb wjv h{}mj}km jim}ckeq jqg{bki}v jim }kjbwhql wkqk kih{gc }h vwju }ck pjik hd

n{mgkv) ]cku djfkm j tkqu fhbpk}ki} Whhmjqm }kjb ei }ck deij #jqkpkj} hd `jv} ukjq―v eik"{p, ei wcefc wk wkqk }qe{bpcji}% jimmkvpe}k ji ktki ak}}kq pkqdhqbjifk }cji }ck deqv} qh{im, wkqkijqqhwù akj}ki) ]cev wjv j v{pkqa kddhq} jim }cku fkq}jeiù {pck`m}ck chih{q hd Wjlkbji"@jbajq} Ch{vk)

]cev ukjq―v Ch{vk Veigeig Fhbpk}e}ehi wjv ki}kqkm we}c j gqkj}mkj hd ki}c{vejvb jim pqhtkm tkqu kinhuja`k hi }ck iegc}) [imkq }ck g{emjifk jim jffhbpjiebki} hi }ck pejih au Bq)Fqjwdhqm, }ck_jq} Vhig ‖ Aqkjleig Dqkk #Cegc Vfchh B{vefj % ‖ wjv p`jfkmvkfhim au }ck n{mgk) ]cev wjv j tkqu ghhm qkv{ } dhq }ck gqh{pbjmk {p hd F)Eqau, _)Tji Ieklkql, N)Mkicjb, I)Dhqgqjtk, N)Gj`ku#v{ddkqeig dqhb j }cqhj} eidkf}ehi%, Q)Cjqqevhi, F)Bhqgji jimD)Ckq~hg) _kqcjpv iks} ukjq wk fji gh hik ak}}kq) Nkm Mkicjb}cki v}kppkm {p }h fhim{f} }ck wch`k Ch{vk ei }ck [ievhi VhigUh{―tk Gh} J Dqekim #]hu V}hqu %) ]cev wjv v{ig tkqu wk` jim wk

bevvkm h{} hi vkfhim p`jfk au hiù : bjql, p`jfeig {v }ceqm htkqjàu }ck ijqqhwkv} hd bjqgeiv) Wk` mhik }h ktkquhik)

]ck vkbe"deij hd }ck Ahuv― Chflku }hhl p`jfk hi j v{iiu jd}kqihhijim vpeqe}v wkqk cegc) ]ck N{iehq }kjb wjv mqjwi jgjeiv} Bkuik`Ch{vk jim jd}kq p`jueig vhbk ghhm z{je}u chflku, wkqk ja`k }h`kjtk }ck pe}fc we}c j ="? tef}hqu) ]ck Vkiehq }kjb aj}} km cjqmjgjeiv} j tkqu v}qhig Whhmjqm Ch{vk }kjb, a{} ktki}{j` u `hv} ?"1}h j pkij}u ei }ck deqv} cjd jim }cki j ghj ei hpki p`ju ei }ckvkfhim)

]ck dh`hweig wkkl, }ck deij hd }ck N{iehq Fhbpk}e}ehi wjv jgjeiv}Whhmjqm Ch{vk) ]cev wjv vhbk}ceig hd ji ji}e"f ebjs jv wkqhbpkm chbk weiikqv, vfhqeig ; ghj`v we}ch{} qkpù< j tkquvj}evdueig qkv{ })

]ck Vkiehq }kjb wkqk p`jueig ]jàh} Ch{vk dhq }ceqm p`jfk ei }ckfhbpk}e}ehi jim jd}kq j f`hvk"dh{gc} bj}fc j `j}k pkij }u d efl,

ks}qkbkù wk` }jlki au F)_eflkqeig, gjtk {v j :"? tef}hqu jim }ceqmp`jfk)

]ck Ch{vk Dhh}aj` Fhbpk}e}ehi ev j`wjuv f`hvkù fhi}kv}km jim}cev ukjq wjv ih ksfkp}ehi) ]ck N{iehq Ahuv aj}}km cjqm jimbjijgkm j tkqu fqkme}ja`k }ceqm p`jfk)

H{q Chih{qja`k ]kjb>@{lk H}}jwju, Dqkmmek Ckq~hg $ Njbkv @kjcu

M{k }h }ck i{bakq hd p`jukqv jtje ja`k dhq }ck Geq`v― Ik}aj`Fhbpk}e}ehi, }cev ktki} wjv fhi}kv}km au ji –J― jim –A― }kjb)]ck –J― }kjb akj} Bkuik` , mqkw jgjeiv} Whhmjqm jim `hv}jgjeiv} ]jàh}) ]cev p`jfkm {v }ceqm ei }ck fhbpk}e}ehi jvWhhmjqm cjm j ak}}kq ghj` meddkqkifk)

]ck Vkiehq Ahuv― ]kiiev Fhbpk}e}ehi }hhl p`jfk hi }ck deqv}Dqemju ajfl jd}kq Kjv}kq jim, we}c ebe}km pqkpjqj}ehi }ebkjtje ja`k, wk p{} ei j tkqu v}qhig pkqdhqbjifk) ]ck }kjbN)Djqqk` , F)Fhhpkq, N)]{qte `k, V)Hik`, N)Ihqbji jim F)Thi

Chtki wkqk akj}ki ei}h vkfhim p`jfk au j v}qhig ]jàh} vemk)]ck qkv{`} wjv fhideqbkm ei }ck }ceqm qh{im au akj}eig Bkuik`jim fhivegieig }ckb ei}h }ceqm p`jfk htkqj` )

]ck Vkiehq Geq`v jim }ck beskm }kjb, j`}ch{gc fhbpk}eig wk` ,fh{`m ih} ebpqhtk hi }cev qkv{`})

]ck `kjv} vjem }ck ak}}kq jah{} h{q kddhq} ei }ck Vkiehq Fqeflk}, a{}wk` mhik }h }chvk ahuv wch aj}}`km jgjeiv} j tkqu v}qhigWhhmjqm vemk, wcefc wki} hi }h wei }ck fhbpk}e}ehi)

Chwktkq, }ck N{iehq Fqeflk} Fhbpk}e}ehi wjv j tkqu kinhuja`kktki}) Ei j }cqe eig vkbe"deij` ei }ck Vphq}v Cj` #m{k }h wk}wkj}ckq% hi }ck `jv} Vj}{qmju hd }kqb, }ck }kjb hd D)Jimkqvhi,F)Aekàu, M)Bjei, J)Vkvju jim H)]chbjv wkqk dek`meig jimmkdkimeig 35 q{iv j` h{} jgjeiv} Whhmjqm) We}c hik aj`qkbjeieig jim }wh q{iv }h wei, A)@eigjqm"@jik vw{ig }ck aj} dhq

Whhmjqm hiù }h ak fj{gc} au }ck Fjp}jei D)Jimkqvhi, }h vkj` jwei dhq h{q Ch{vk)

]ck ikw ktki} dhq }ck V{bbkq }kqb, th` kuaj` , wjv j wk`fhbkjmme}ehi }h }ck fj`kimjq) Wk gh} hdd }h ji ksfk` ki} v}jq} }h }cevfhbpk}e}ehi we}c j fhbpqkckivetk wei jgjeiv} Bkuik` )[idhq}{ij}kù, }ck dh` hweig wkkl wk wkqk hi }ck qkfketeig kimjgjeiv} j tkqu ghhm ]jàh} }kjb) ]cev vegij` km }ck v}jq} hd h{q mkf eik jv ebbkmej}kù jd}kq cj`d }kqb wk wkqk j`vh akj}ki auWhhmjqm)

Ei }ck Ch{vk Vje eig Fhbpk}e}ehi, {i elk `jv} ukjq, wcki mkvpe}kweiieig j` }ck qjfkv wk wkqk p`jfkm vkfhim hi j }kfciefj e}u,}cev ukjq wk wkqk deqv} htkqj` ) Wk jgjei whi j` }ck qjfkv, vhbkau vktkqj` `jpv) Fhigqj}{`j}ehiv }h F)Fhhpkq, N)Mkicjb jimF)_eflkqeig)

We}c vktkqj gh dkqv bevveig m{k }h h}ckq Ch{vk jim vfchh`ktki}v, h{q }kjb hd dh{q Vkiehq gh`dkqv wkqk {imkq j ghhm mkj` hd pqkvv{qk) G)Dhqgqjtk jim N)BfAqeki gh} hdd }h j ghhm v}jq}phv}eig qh{imv hd =1 jim =: qkvpkf}etkù) D)Ckq}~hg jimA)_j}}kqvhi, wch cjm hiù fhbk }h fjmmu, dh{im }ckbvk`tkv}kkeig hdd jv }ck h}ckq }wh bkbakqv hd }ck }kjb, m{k }h `jv}bei{}k fcjigkv) Qh{imv hd 4? jim 3; bkji} }cj} wk wkqk ih} eij phve}ehi }h fcj`kigk }ck h}ckq Ch{vkv a{} j aeg }cjil uh{ }h j`dh{q bkbakqv dhq kiv{qeig }cj} wk dek`mkm j }kjb)

J tkqu weimu jim wk} Wkmikvmju jd}kqihhi we}ikvvkm j aqjtk}kjb hd N{iehq gh`dkqv #N)Mjp eig, D)Ckq~hg, D)Jimkqvhi jimN)Gh{`m% fhbpk}eig dhq }ck Ch{vk) Wcj} wjv ji kinhuja`kjd}kqihhi vjmù kimkm ei }ck }kjb akeig p`jfkm ei dh{q}c phve}ehi,: v}qhlk akceim Whhmjqm)

Ei j deik }kjb mevp`ju }ck Ch{vk v{ffkvvd{` u mkdkimkm e}v }e} k dqhb

`jv} ukjq jv htkqj` Ch{vk J}c`k}efv Fcjbpehiv) ]ckqk wkqk bjiudeik pkqdhqbjifkv jim }cev ukjq }ck geq`v`km }ck wju we}c @{fu Dhqgqjtk gjeieig}ck Tef}qes @{mhq{b dhq }ck N{iehqv jimJbu Fhhpkq }ck Tef}qes @{mhq{b dhq }ckEi}kqbkmej}k geq`v) ]cev fhi}qea{}km }hweiv dhq ah}c }ck N{iehq jimEi}kqbkmej}k }kjbv htkqj` ) _jq}ef{`jq bki}ehi vch{`m gh }h ikwfhbkq K`jWj`lkq #Ukjq 5% ei ckq deqv} jppkjqjifkdhq }ck Ch{vk) Vck ih} hiù whi }ck:;??b dhq }ck N{iehq Geq`v a{} vck j`vhakj}, ei }ck vjbk qjfk, j` }ckEi}kqbkmej}k jim Vkiehq q{iikqv jvwk` ) Hik }h wj}fc dhq }ck d{}{qk*

Fhigqj}{`j}ehiv }h j` }ck p{pe v }cj}}hhl pjq} ei bjleig }ck 1??4"7 ukjq v{fc ji kinhuja`k jim v{ffkvvd{ hik jim ghhm `{fl }h }chvk }cj}cjtk `kd} {v }h nhei }ck whq`m h{}vemk K`kvbkqk) Chpkd{` u uh{ we `}jlk we}c uh{ dhim bkbhqekv hd uh{q Wjlkbji"@jbajq} djbeu)

B]G

V}qhig ei }ck jeq K``j q{iieig

]ck Ei}kqbkmej}k }kjb wki} }wh ak}}kq jim whi }ckeq fhbpk}e}ehiei tkqu fhiteifeig v}u`k jim }ck Vkiehq }kjb, au mqjweig we}cBkuik` ei j dji}jv}ef deij` bj}fc, j`vh c{ig hi }h deqv} p`jfk) ]cevgjtk Wjlkbji"@jbajq} }ck htkqj` }kjb tef}hqu)


16



Ch{vkbjv}kq>Bq) F) Q) Mjtekv

Ch{vk ]{}hqv>Bq) ]) F) Chwe}}"Mqeig, Bqv) N) Ktjiv, Bqv) _) B) Dhs,

Bqv) Q) BfFjq}cu, Bqv) N) Q) Iefch`vhi, Bq) Q) F) _j{`,Bq) E) @) Qhakq}v, Bqv) C) ]) Vfjqevaqefl,

Bq) _) B) V}jiwju, Bq) D) V) We`èjbv

Fjp}jeiv hd Ch{vk>

J`km K`èv $ Vjqjc"Njik Akvwefl

Jih}ckq ksfe}eig jim tkqu d{`` ukjq cjv pjvvkm jim }ckbkbakqv hd Whhmjqm Fhbpk}e}etk Ch{vk cjtk hifk jgjei}jlki d{`` jmtji}jgk hd }ck ktki}v, fhbpk}e}ehiv, jimjf}ete}ekv hpki }h }ckb) ]ck v}jq} hd }ck ukjq vjw }ckpqhbh}ehi hd vhbk hd `jv} ukjq―v @hwkq Ves}c Dhqbkqv }hpqhbeiki} phve}ehiv we}cei }ck p{pe` ahmu hd }ck Ch{vk) J`kmK`èv akfjbk Fjp}jei dhq }ck ahuv, jaù v{pphq}km ei cev

m{}ekv au Tefk Fjp}jei _k}kq Mjahqi, jim Vjqjc"NjikAkvwefl }hhl {p }ck phve}ehi hd Fjp}jei dhq }ck geq`v, hifkjgjei v{pphq}km au Tefk Fjp}jei Vjqjc Cjuikv) ]hgk}ckq }ckvk dh{q eimetem{j`v cjtk pqhtkm }h ak ji jv}hievceigùwk``"hqgjievkm jim b{fc"`htkm }kjb) ]cqh{gc }ckbWhhmjqm f`h}ceig gjeikm j ikw jim j`}hgk}ckq bhqk bhmkqiemki}e}u ei }ck dhqb hd }ck {pmj}km jim tkqu }qkimu Whhmjqmph`h vceq} ‖ ji ksfk``ki} tev{j` jmtkq} dhq }ck fhbpk}e}etk–j}}e}{mk― hd }ck Ch{vk }kjbv)

Kjqèkq ei }ck ukjq }ck Ei}kq Ch{vk eimhhq vhffkq bj}fckvwkqk p`jukm) E} wjv ghhm }h we}ikvv }ck ikw Ukjq 5 qkfq{e}vvchweig hdd }ckeq vle``v jim geteig {v j`` j gèbpvk hd }ckph}ki}ej` }j`ki}v }cj} fhi}ei{km }h vchw }ckbvk`tkv m{qeig}ck fh{qvk hd }ck ukjq) ]ck vhffkq vle``v hd JimuFh{gcahqh{gc #wch qkfketkm Ch{vk Fh`h{qv dhq cev kddhq}v

hi }ck dek`m% jim Njbkv Wkaa pqhtkm }h ak bhqk }cji jbj}fc dhq Bkuik`` ei hik gjbk jim }ck Vkiehq Ahuv ètkm {p}h }ckeq qkp{}j}ehi jv j }kjb }h ak qkflhikm we}c, j z{jè}u}cj} wjv gqkj}ù jmbeqkm jim kinhukm mkjdkieig Whhmjqmv{pphq} dqhb }ck Vphq}v Cj`` aj`fhiu) ]ck Geq`v― }kjbv j`vhp`jukm }ckeq gjbkv }h ckjtu v{pphq} dqhb h}ckq Ch{vkbkbakqv jim jiuhik wch cjm }ck hpphq}{ie}u }h kinhu}ckvk bj}fckv we`` }kv}edu }h }ck `ktk`v hd vphq}eig jggqkvvehijim fhbpk}e}etk vpeqe} }cj} wkqk qkg{`jqù hi mevp`ju)Ksfe}kbki} `ktk`v qkjfckm j pkjl jbhigv} }ck v{pphq}eigfqhwmv wcki j vkivj}ehij` cjim"aj`` eifemki} dqhb ]jàh}qkv{`}km ei j ije`"ae}eig ghj`"vfhqeig hpphq}{ie}u dhq Whhmjqm)Wk ktki}{j`ù whi }cj} pjq}ef{`jq bj}fc au }wh ghj`v }h hik ‖ chhqju * E wjv ebpqkvvkm }h vkk bkbakqv hd }ck vhffkq }kjbv kbp`hueig pvufch`hgu }jf}efv pqehq }h }ck bj}fckv au

vchweig hdd }ckeq aj`` fhi}qh` vle``v ei }ck ki}qjifk cj`` ‖ e}fkq}jeiù cjm }ck mkveqkm kddkf} hi }ck hpphve}ehi wchfq{ba`km kjqù hi ei vktkqj` hd }ck bj}fckv)

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@e~ Ahddku, _j}qefl Ghqbji, J`km Kèv, Njbek Fjq}wqegc},Gjfk Lkimj``, Cjqqu BfK`wkk, We`èjb Ihqqev, jim vpkfej`qkfhgie}ehi ghkv }h h{q tkqu v}qkvvkm, a{} j`wjuv hqgjievkmmeqkf}hq ‖ J`ks Mk``kq) E} ev vjdk }h vju, E }ceil, }cj} Whhmjqmcjv ihw gjeikm j dhqbemja`k qkp{}j}ehi ei }cev dek`m jim }cevwjv qkd`kf}km hi }ck iegc} hd }ck vchw wcki deimeig j vkj} ei}ck pjflkm j{me}hqe{b j`bhv} z{jèdekm jv j fhbpk}e}etkktki} ei e}vk`d *

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FQM

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hqgjieveig hd }kjbv ei j tkqu vchq} vpjfk hd }ebk) ]ckqk

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1;



Vjei}v Ch{vkv

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14



Vjei}v Ch{vkv

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17



Vjei}v Ch{vkv

V}) Hvwj`m―v

V}) _j}qefl―v


13



_{pe` Ih}kvK``kvbkqk Fh``kgk _{pe` Qkfketkv Jwjqm

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Akjqeig ei beim }ck vegiedefji} hqj` k`kbki}v ei }ck EA

ksjbeij}ehiv, wk wkqk mkègc}km }cj} jbhigv} }ckvk cegc

pkqdhqbkqv }ckqk wkqk v}{mki}v wch cjm fhbk dqhb jaqhjm

jim akki ja`k }h mktk`hp }ckeq vkfhim"`jig{jgk vle``v }h }cev

ebpqkvvetk mkgqkk)

Detk v}{mki}v wch pjq}efepj}km ei }ck ks}kqij` ksjbeij}ehi

qkfketkm }ck }hp gqjmk hd Mev}eif}ehi) ]cku wkqk> We`èjbAjq`k}}, Fkmqef Fjq`, Vjb @kwev, Aki Bhqqev jim Dqkmmu Iktk`)

Jih}ckq 11 v}{mki}v j`` jfcektkm j Bkqe} _`{v gqjmk> Jmjb

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Vk`lkq, Ij}cjiek` ]chbjv jim J`ks Wce}}`k)

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vfq{}eiu hd ji ksjbeikq) ]cku wkqk }kv}km ei n{v} jah{}

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Cegckq Km{fj}ehi jim èdk akuhim, jim }ck v}{mki}v vchwkm

}ckeq tkqu vpkfej` jaeè}ekv jv fhbb{iefj}hqv)

VDW_

Ves}c Dhqb V}{mki}v Ksfk` eiIj}ehij` Vkiehq Bj}ckbj}efv Fcj``kigk

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e} jim vh e} ev j qkj` }kv} hd }ckeq bj}ckbj}efj` jaeè}u)

NF

Ksfk``ki} KVA Qkv{`}v ]ckqk wjv j a{bpkq fqhp hd Ves}c Dhqb qkv{`}v ei }ck

Kigèvc Vpkjleig Ahjqm ksjbv we}c 13 #htkq 7?+% hd

fjimemj}kv jfcekteig ke}ckq Mev}eif}ehi hq }hp Bkqe}v)

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}ck Vfchh` cjm ki}kqkm }ckeq Ei}kqij}ehij` Ajffj`j{qkj}k

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}ck ksjbeij}ehi jim bjiu hd }ckb bjijgkm }h jfcektk

}ck cegckv} gqjmkv)

Wk wkqk tkqu pqh{m hd h{q Vkiehq v}{mki}v― pkqdhqbjifk ei

}ckeq KVA ksjbv) Ksfk``ki} ksjbeij}ehi qkv{`}v, v{ffkvv

ei p{aèf vpkjleig fhbpk}e}ehiv jim }ck muijbef

pkqdhqbjifk pqhgqjbbk ei Jqkij Jq}v pqhtemk }ck pkqdkf}

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Bj}}ckw Wce}k wjv pqkvki}km we}c ji e_hm au }ckCkjmbjv}kq, hi akcj`d hd }ck Ij}ehij` Jvvkvvbki} jimZ{jèdefj}ehi J`èjifk, wch wkqk mkègc}km }h qkwjqm ceb dhq cev ksfk``ki} pkqdhqbjifk ei K`kf}qhiefv)

Bj}}ckw Wce}k cjm vchwkm h{}v}jimeig jfjmkbef jaeè}u}cqh{gch{} cev K``kvbkqk fjqkkq) Ck v{ffkvvd{`ù fhbp`k}km 4J @ktk` fh{qvkv, jim jbhigv} cev = J Gqjmkv }ck bjqlv ckqkfketkm dhq K`kf}qhiefv wkqk j qkbjqlja`k 4?? h{} hd 4??)

Bj}}ckw ev ihw v}{mueig Fuakqik}efv j} }ck [ietkqve}u hd Qkjmeig)

CNW

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]ck V{ffkvvd{` Ves}c Dhqb Gqh{p


15



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6?



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Vj`k hd Tj`ki}eik

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p{pe`v jim v}jdd jèlk hi }ck `jv} Dqemju

akdhqk cj`d }kqb)

CNW

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N{ù


6:



V{bbkq Aj``

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F`hk Be}fck``, Njbek ]uqkq, V}kpc _kqqei, Vjqjc Njik Akvwefl

Gkbbj Ktjiv, V}kpcki Ajiiev}kq $ Vjqjc Njik Kmwjqmv


61



Ei jim Jqh{im

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Bu veifkqk }cjilv b{v} gh }h }ck ksceae}hqv wch gjtk {p}ckeq }ebk }h djfeè}j}k h{q v}{mki}v― ikkmv jim }h }ck v}{mki}v

jim }ckeq pjqki}v, wch E chpk gjeikm tj`{ja`k eidhqbj}ehiwcefc we`` ak p{} }h {vk wcki fchhveig J @ktk` hp}ehiv jim`hhleig j} phv}":3 fchefkv)

MNA

Jq} Ksceae}ehi J1, JV $ GFVK

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kspkqekifkv dqhb :564 }h :5=4) M{qeig }cev pkqehm Ce}`kq

jim }ck ]ceqm Qkefc ks}kqbeij}km j }h}j` hd htkq 4 be`èhi

Nkwv) Q{me jim cev aqh}ckq _j{` fh{`m cjtk akki }wh hd

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eifqkjvkm {vk hd dqkvc eigqkmeki}v }h }ck akikde} hd p{pe`v jim}ck v}jdd hd }ck Fh``kgk jèlk)

We}c }ck vkqteig hd chbkbjmk vh{pv, wqjpv jim j tjqek}u hd vj`jmv, }ck dhhm ev j}}qjf}etkù mevp`jukm jim b{fc evjtje`ja`k hi j vk`d"vkqtefk ajvev)

CNW

Ikw Fj}kqeig Vkqtefkv

J} }ck Vj`jm Ajq,Kbeù Weflv $ Vhpcek Gqkkivbe}c

]ck Jq} Fki}qk Dhukq

]ck Jq} Fki}qk Dhukq


66



Hwki _j}kqvhi B_ Teve}v Ukjq :?

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CNW

_{pe`v a{e`meig j geji} vihwbji hi 7}c Dkaq{jqu 1??7

@ki} ]kqb Vihw

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G{emk Mhgv dhq }ck Aèim ]j`l dhq _CVK Mju

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_qhb) ]cev ev }ck vkfhim ukjq }cj} }ck ktki} cjv }jlki p`jfk

}h bjql }ck f{`beij}ehi hd }ck }kjfceig pcjvk `kjmeig }h

GFVK ksjbeij}ehiv) Kspkf}j}ehiv wkqk cegc m{k }h }ck

v{ffkvv hd jv} ukjq―v ktki})

Bjs Whn}euiehi, ]ebh}cu Fh{qjgk, @j{qkifk Weggeig}hi,]hb Mjifk, Mjiek` Jimkqv"Qefcjqmv $ Njbkv Ihqbji

Iei Fhhpkq, Kè~jak}c Ahddku, Cjqqek} ]hbèivhi, V}kpcjiek _`j}},Gqjfk Lkimj``, Fcjq`h}}k @keiv, Qceji Mjtekv, ]kvv Djwfk}}

]ck Ukjq :: Vpqeig _qhb

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VH

J fhbbe}}kk hd Ukjq :: p{pe`v, we}c qkpqkvki}j}etkv dqhbkjfc Bemm`k Vfchh` Ch{vk, bk} hi j qkg{`jq ajvev }hmevf{vv }ck mk}je`v dhq }ck ktkieig) ]ck gqh{p wkqk getkiv{pphq} dqhb }ck Ukjq :: }{}hq }kjb) ]ck ktkieig ev jdhqbj` ktki} we}c dhqbj` mqkvv fhmk) Chwktkq, }ckfhbbe}}kk jmmkm j 7?―v }wev} ed eimetem{j`v mkveqkm }h }jlk j}ckbk }h }ckeq dhqbj` mqkvv wkjq) ]ck }ckbk fjqqekm hi }h}ck mkfhqj}ehiv ei }ck Jq}v Fki}qk tki{k) Ckè{b aj``hhivjim v}qkjbkqv wkqk ei ja{imjifk)

E~~u Ktjiv, Bj}}ckw V}kgg`kv, Hwki _j}}kqvhi B_ @h}}e Lkka`k $ V}ktki Z{ei`ji


6=



H{} $ Jah{}Vihwmhi Q{i

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phwkq v}j}ehi mevjv}kq hd :534)]h bjlk }ck q{i fhbpk}e}etk, }ck jeb ev }h qkjfc }ck v{bbe} hd Vihwmhi ei `kvv }cji :1 ch{qv) ]ck q{i ev mhik jv j qk`juwe}c }wh q{iikqv fhbp`k}eig kjfc `kg) Kjfc pjeq fhbp`k}kv ;}h 4 `kgv hd jppqhsebj}kù 6 be`kv kjfc) ]ck }h}j` mev}jifk evjah{} 7; be`kv, we}c kjfc q{iikq mheig jah{} :4 be`kv,ksf`{meig }ck j`begc}u fèba {p Vihwmhi j} }ck kim)

Jim }cev ukjq cev}hqu wjv bjmk* Ukv, dhq }ck deqv} }ebk ktkq,}ck 1??7 }kjb ckqhefj`ù fhbp`k}km }ck q{i ei {imkq }ck }jqgk}}ebk, qkjfceig }ck v{bbe} ei n{v} :: ch{qv 6? bei{}kv)J`}ch{gc }cev mem ih}ceig dhq }ck jbh{i} qjevkm, e} wjvktkqu}ceig }h }ck }kjb) Wk`` mhik g{uv*

QF

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Wk j`` lihw Ikw ^kj`jimkqv jqki―} ahqi j}c`k}kv ei jiuqkvpkf} #`hhleig ajfl hi }ck Whq`m F{p*%, vh Gjppu _ce` memi―}qkj`ù cjtk j fcjifk dqhb }ck v}jq}) A{}, dhq bu vkfhimp`kjvji} v{qpqevk hd }ck mju, ck aqh{gc} h{} }ck Kigèvc ei ceb,gh} cev ckjm mhwi, jim bjmk ji ebpqkvvetk fhi}qea{}ehi }h

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64



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67



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63



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VVE> WHEE A G Nhikv

Ijtu Vkf}ehi @}) D Q Aqhhlk, V{a @}) Q N Bjfei}hvc

Jqbu Vkf}ehi Bjn) B _ F`kw`hw

Fjp} B ] Gjqkc, @} L A Ce`}hi, 1@} Q Fcj}}kqnkk

1@} L B Aqhfl`kvv, @} Fh` #Qkt―m% Q K We`èjbv, Vg} F Fh`èiv

QJD Vkf}ehi D` @} D V We`èjbv, D` @} M Nhuivhi"Aqhhlk, D` @} Q L Qep`ku

Ak}c F`kw`hw hiDhqfji Qemgk, Lei}je`,

Vfh}`jim Kjv}kq Fjbp 1??7

Fhèi Dkqg{vvhi, We`èjb IhqqevAk}c F`kw`hw $ Dqkmmek Iktk`

]ck V{bbkq }kqb aqh{gc} }ck Aekiiej` Qktekw, wcefc wjvfhim{f}km au Gqh{p Fjp}jei _ F{iieigcjb AVf QJD,

Fhbbjimkq hd QJD Vcjwa{qu) Jv j pjq} hd }ck QktekwGqh{p Fjp}jei F{iieigcjbteve}km }qjeieig hi j ]c{qvmjuei Bju, wcki ck eivpkf}km j``vkf}ehiv) Jmme}ehij`ù ckaqh{gc} we}c ceb j ckèfhp}kq jim j vpjqk pe`h} ei }ck dhqb hd D` @} Belk Fj{fce #pjqki}%,wch gjtk j `jqgk i{bakq hd fjmk}v ckè"djbeèjqevj}ehi}qjeieig jim dègc} kspkqekifk)]ck Fhi}eigki} wjv ei deikdk}}`k jim m{qeig }ck Deij`_jqjmk }ck Gqh{p Fjp}jeibjmk vhbk wk``"n{mgkm

fhbbki}v jim havkqtj}ehiv,jd}kq jwjqmeig }qhpcekv }h ji{bakq hd }ck fjmk}v) Akv}Fjmk} ]qhpcekv wki} }h NkmMkicjb #Ijtu%, We`èjbIhqqev #Jqbu% jim Cjqqek} Mkthij`m #QJD%) Ejei Mevvpjei wjvjwjqmkm }ck Q) A`jlk Cjq}`ku Bkbhqej` ]qhpcu)

GC

V}k``j Fckig kinhueig }ck dègc}

=1




E} cjv akki ji ktki}d{` ukjq, we}c bjiu fjmk}vj}}kimeig fh{qvkv wcefc }ck Ijtu pqhtemkm,eif`{meig Fkmqef Fjq`, Hètkq Mhmmv, NkmMkicjb, Jvc`ku Ceflèi, jim Jimqkjv Wjflkq,wch cjv j}}kimkm }ck bhv} fh{qvkv hd jiu fjmk}

veifk E cjtk akki j} K``kvbkqk< ck wki} hi =eif`{meig j Fcjiik` fqhvveig ei }ck Djv}ik} qjfk,jim gjeikm cev qkvf{k ahj} z{jèdefj}ehi) J`` }ckfjmk}v cjtk kspkqekifkm èdk hi ahjqm vcep jimqk}{qikm }h }ck Fh``kgk {ie} we}c vle``v }cj} }ckufji pjvv hi}h }ckeq pkkqv)

Ei Hf}hakq }ck Ijtj` vkf}ehi wki} }h_hq}vbh{}c jim v}jukm jahjqm CBV Aqev}h`wckqk wk kspkqekifkm èdk hi j bhhqkmtkvvk`) ]ck fjmk}v cjm }ck hpphq}{ie}u }h teve}CBV Tef}hqu jim vjw wcj} èdk wjv èlkkvpkfej`ù jv bjiu hd }ck fjmk}v fh{`m ih}v } j i m { p q e g c } e i } c k f q j b p k mfhime}ehiv) Ik`vhi'v fjaei wjv ei}kqkv}eig,

eif`{meig cev akm wcefc mh{a`km jv cev fhddei eifjvk hd cev mkbevk, a{} jv ktkquhik likw ckfjbk ajfl pefl`km ei q{b< j de}}eig kim }h j vkj"djqeig Ijtj` hddefkq) ]ck fjmk}v j`vh vjw èdk hiahjqm j v{abjqeik jim }hhl }ebk h{} }h gh }h}ck ikwkv} ksceae} j} _hq}vbh{}c wcefc evfj``km Jf}ehi V}j}ehiv< j }q{ù ei}kqjf}etkkspkqekifk)

H{q dek`m mju wjv j tkqu kinhuja`k d{i mju j} h{q `hfj`vjeèig fki}qk hd Wce}kbkqk) ]ck fjmk}v cjm ji hpphq}{ie}u}h cjtk j `kev{qkù vje` jv wk`` jv mkbhiv}qj}k }ckeq vle``v j}qjfeig jim ajqakf{eig }ckeq `{ifc) ]ck wkj}ckq wjv tkquleim< wk cjm djth{qja`k weimv)

Ei N{ù wk vpki} j tkqu wk} jim }eqeig 6 mjuv j} Vh{}cphq}

Vfh{} Wj}kq Vphq}v Fki}qk, wckqk wk vje`km j tjqek}u hd ahj}v eif`{meig _efhv, Ahv{iv, ]hppkqv jim weimv{qdkqv) Wk wkqk nheikm au Fjp} Mjtem Cjwleiv wch cjv}jlki htkq jv 1 E(F dqhb Bq Bjfei}hvc)

IJTU 1??4"1??7

M{qeig h{q fjbpeig kspkme}ehi, vjeèig jim }ki}eig vle``v wkqkp{} }h }ck }kv} m{qeig vhbk tkqu weimu mjuv) M{qeig }ckktkieig wk wki} ahwèig jim cjm j }chqh{gcù p`kjvji} }ebkqkfhtkqeig dqhb j ckf}ef mju hi }ck wj}kq)]cqh{gch{} }ck jfjmkbef ukjq wk cjtk cjm }ck Ijtj`Fjqkkq Hddefkq g{emeig h{q fjmk}v wch jqk }ceileig hd nheieig}ck Vkqtefk, jim vck ev ji eivpeqj}ehi }h j`` h{q uh{igv}kqv) Wk cjtk j`vh cjm j Vfebe}jq }jil jim jfhbb{iefj}ehiv v}jim teve} }ck FFD }h kiègc}ki h{q fjmk}vhi }ck `j}kv} kz{epbki} wcefc h{q Jqbkm Dhqfkv cjtk j}}ckeq mevphvj`, ah}c ei pkjfk"lkkpeig jim beè}jqu jf}ehiv)

MNA

Fjmk}v au CBV Tef}hqu

Jqbu 1??4"1??7]ck Ukjq 5 ]qjeieig pqhgqjbbk cjm ji ktki gqkj}kq

Jmtki}{qh{v ]qjeieig fhi}ki} }cev ukjq, jim }ckeq J{}{bi

Kspkme}ehiv eif`{mkm ce`` wj`leig, fèbaeig, ljujleig jim

bh{i}jei"aeleig ei Vihwmhiej) ]ck ksfk``ki} wkj}ckq

kija`km }ck uh{igv}kqv }h kinhu j vp`kimem deqv} kskqfevk)

Ukjq :?, :: jim }ck ikw @hwkq Ves}c gqh{p j`` kskqfevkmhi Ikvvfèddk ]qjeieig Jqkj) J v}qhig fèz{k hd vkqteig

HKv qk}{qikm }h ck`p p{} hi vhbk ksfk``ki} hpkqj}ehiv dhq

}ck `jqgk i{bakqv eith`tkm) Bjnhq Gkikqj`, Cev Gqjfk,

}ck M{lk hd Wkv}beiv}kq teve}km hi }ck deqv} mju, jim ck

wjv ja`k }h we}ikvv v{a"{ie}v j} j tjqek}u hd v}jgkv ei

}ckeq }qjeieig fjqqu h{} j tjqek}u hd hpkqj}ehiv) ]ckvk

eif`{mkm havkqtj}ehi, v}j`leig, f`hvk }jqgk}

qkfhiijevvjifk, fhbb{iefj}ehiv jim viepkq }qjeieig)

V{avkz{ki} kskqfevkv eif`{mkm iegc} jba{vckv jim

kskqfevkv mkvegikm }h ebpqhtk }ck fjmk}v― vle``v j}

Fhbbjim jim Fhi}qh`) Ei Bjqfc Ukjq :? fhbp`k}km }ckeq

Vk`d Qkèjifk }qjeieig au fjqqueig h{} j M{lk hd Kmeia{qgc

Aqhi~k kskqfevk ei Ihq}c Wj`kv, wce`v} k`kbki}v hd Ukjq 5

]qjeieig cjm }ckeq deqv} beè}jqu kskqfevkv j} Ikvvfèddk)Jd}kq Vkjqfc jim Deim hpkqj}ehiv htkqiegc}, Ukjq ::

fhbp`k}km j tkqu mkbjimeig Jmtjifk }h Fhi}jf} kskqfevk

}cj} eith`tkm z{efl jppqkfej}ehiv, mkfevehi"bjleig,

p`jiieig, jim }ck evv{eig hd hqmkqv, dh``hwkm au qjpem

bhtkbki} jim p{qv{e})

Dhq }ck Aekiiej` Qktekw ei Bju }ck Wkv} Bem`jimv QkvkqtkDhqfkv V{pphq} ]kjb mkp`hukm ji eid`j}ja`k jvvj{`} fh{qvkjim j pjei}aj`` }jqgk} qjigk dhq Ukjq 5, wce`v} Ukjqv :? jim:: fjqqekm h{} bjihk{tqkv ei `hfj` whhmv) ]ck N{uKspkme}ehiv pqhtkm }h ak }ck wk}}kv} kspkqekifk hiVwuiikq}hi ]qjeieig Jqkj dhq }wh mkfjmkv, a{} j`` wkqkkz{j` }h }ck fcj``kigk, kijaèig }ck jii{j` }qjeieigpqhgqjbbk }h ak fhbp`k}km hi vfckm{`k dhq }ck V{bbkq Fjbp pjq}u }cj} mkpjq}km }ck dh``hweig Vj}{qmju dhq Wj}cge`èi Ihq}c Uhqlvceqk)

]ck Cegc Vckqedd, Bkqqe`` Jdej we}c M hd K FFD fjmk}v

=6




]ck Wj}cge`` pqhgqjbbk cjv akki ks}kivetkù qktevkm jim}ck fjmk}v kinhukm vhbk ksfk``ki} pjfljgkv }cj} eif`{mkmj mju j} j `hfj` Jmtki}{qh{v ]qjeieig pjql, j qjigk mjujim j cj`d mju kjfc hi vegij`v jim fhbbjim }jvlv, we}c}ck `j}}kq akeig ebpqkvvetkù v{pkqtevkm au Vckddek`m [H]Fhddefkqv) ]jf}efv mjuv eif`{mkm pj}qh`èig, jba{vckv jimvkf}ehi j}}jflv) Hik hd }ck akv} dkj}{qkv hd Wj}cge``]qjeieig Jqkj ev e}v tjqek}u hd gqh{im , jim }cev kija`km {v }hfhbp`k}k j vp`kimem hwi kskqfevk m{qeig }ck deij` 1= ch{qvei j qk`j}etkù vbj`` p`h}) M{qeig }ck Deij` _jqjmk pqe~kvwkqk jwjqmkm }h Fjmk} Njlk ]ju`hq dhq Akv} Vch}, Fjmk}Iefh Whn}uiej dhq cev kddhq}v jv [ie} @ejevhi Hddefkq jim dhq Akv} Ikwfhbkq }h Fjbp, jim }h @(Fp` Cjqqu BfK`wkk dhq Akv} N{iehq IFH)

@(Fp` ]hb Fjqq akfjbk }ck deqv} qkfepeki} hd }ck ]hbWhh}}hi Bkbhqej` ]qhpcu, wcefc ghkv }h }ck Akv} Fjmk}hi V{bbkq Fjbp)

Vjb F`kw`hw jah{} }h vk} hdd Wj}cge``, V{bbkq Fjbp 1??7

M{qeig }ck ukjq j i{bakq hd }ck deqv} fhchq} hd Jqbu fjmk}v}h p{qv{k }ck A]KF Deqv} Mep`hbj ei _{aèf Vkqtefkv fhb"p`k}km }ckeq fh{qvkv) ]ckvk eif`{mkm Mev}eif}ehiv dhq V}kpckiAjiiev}kq, _k}kq Ckj}c jim We`` Ihqqev, we}c Bkqe}v dhq We`À`jflwk`` jim Ckiqu D`k}fckq"Aqkwkq) Ei N{ù 1??7F( Vg} Ak}c F`kw`hw gjeikm ji ksfk``ki} gqjmeig ei ktkqufj}kghqu hd ckq wkkl"`hig @kjmkqvcep fh{qvk j} }ck Dqeb`ku_jql Fjmk} Fki}qk, ji jfcektkbki} bj}fckm au hiù hik

h}ckq hd }ck :1? fjmk}v mqjwi dqhb jqh{im }ck fh{i}qu wchfhbp`k}km v{fc fh{qvkv }cj} V{bbkq)

GC

]hb Fjqq jim Gkhqgk ]j}fck`` weiieig }ck meigcu qjfkWj}cge``, V{bbkq Fjbp 1??7

Njbkv Mjtekv jim ]hbhv Qhakq}v

Wj}cge``, V{bbkq Fjbp 1??7

]jleig j aqkjl, V{bbkq Fjbp 1??7

@} Fh`)C{}fceivhi jim Bjn F`kw`hw havkqteig }ck jvvj{`} fh{qvk jim }ceileig }cj} }cku fh{`m cjtk mhik

ak}}kq ei }ckeq mju*

Havkqteig dqhb fhtkq

==




Fjmk}v `kjqieig }h –qjd}― hi @ùi Gkeqehiumm ikjq Ak}}wv

QJD 1??4"1??7

Nhci Aqeki, @j{qkifk Weggeig}hi $ Cjqqek} Mkthij`m

H{q dek`m mju ei Bjqfc wjv ck`m j} MFJK Fhvdhqm, wckqkkjfc fjmk} d`kw ei }ck Gqha ]{}hq jim pqjf}evkm }ckeq dùeigvle``v) Wk wkqk j`vh ja`k }h teve} }ck v{pkqa ikwù"hpkikmFh`m Wjq B{vk{b)]ck V{bbkq }kqb wjv fhif`{mkm we}c j fjbp j} MFJKFhvdhqm) ]cev eif`{mkm ijtegj}ehi kskqfevkv, p`ki}u hd dù"eig, jim j iegc} kvfjpk jim ktjvehi kskqfevk we}c }ckfcjifk }h wkjq p`ki}u hd –fjb fqkjb―) Vjmù, j} }ck kim hd }kqb wk vjem ghhmauk }h Vg} GqjkbkAk``, h{q QJD èjevhi IFH) Ck cjv akki bhv} v{pphq}etk hd h{q jf}ete}ekv htkq }ck `jv} dkw ukjqv, jim ck cjv j`wjuvbjijgkm }h lkkp {v v{ppèkm we}c le})

DVW

H{q ukjq akgji we}c }ck ihw jii{j` teve} }h Vwuiikq}hi

]qjeieig Jqkj we}c Ikwfjv}`k"{imkq"@ubk Vfchh`)

Chwktkq }cev hffjvehi wjv }h ak meddkqki}) ]ck wkj}ckq

wjv pjq}ef{`jqù jwd{`, jim wce`v} }ck fjmk}v bjmk kddkf}etk

ajvcjv }h pqh}kf} }ckbvk`tkv dqhb }ck qjei m{qeig }ck iegc},}cku wkqk ih mkdkifk dqhb }ck b{m vèmkv) ]ck d{``"ahqk

vchh}eig jim }ck iegc} kskqfevk wkqk hd }ck {v{j` cegc

v}jimjqm jim fjmk}v wkqk }qkj}km }h j g{emkm }h{q hd }ck

V}jddhqmvceqk _hèfk ckèfhp}kq wcefc cjppkikm }h –mqhp ei―)

Fhi}ei{eig }ck gqkki }ckbk, }ck fjmk}v kinhukm }ck

phq}ja`k fèbaeig wj`` aqh{gc} ei au }ck @egc} Eidji}qu, jim

j} j `j}kq mj}k }ck }jil aqh{gc} htkq au }ck `hfj` qkfq{e}kqv)

D{``"ahqk vchh}eig hi }ck Fh``kgk h{}mhhq qjigk cjv akki

pjq}ef{`jqù v{ffkvvd{` we}c bjiu bhqk fjmk}v pjvveig }ck

wkjphi" cjimèig }kv})

]wk`tk fjmk}v cjtk }jlki }h }ck jeq j} Fhvdhqm, vktkqj` hd

}ckb dhq }ck deqv} }ebk, wce`v} 4 wki} gèmeig j} ]kqi Ce``)

Dhq h{q kspkme}ehi wk wki} Jmtki}{qk ]qjeieig ei Ihq}c

Wj`kv jim kinhukm }ck bhmkv} `{s{qu hd j uh{}c chv}k` n{v}

h{}vemk Ak}}wv u Fhkm ) ]cev }ebk }ck wkj}ckq wjv tkqu

leim }h {v jim wk wkqk ja`k }h {imkq}jlk j`` }ck jf}ete}ekv

wk cjm p`jiikm) D`} @} Leb Qep`ku wjv ja`k }h bjlk ghhm

{vk hd ckq cjqm"whi fjihkeig z{jèdefj}ehi, vpkimeig j d{``

mju }qjeieig h{q ihtefk fjmk}v) D`} Vg} Gqjkbk Ak`` dqhb

Vcjwa{qu jim Bqv V{~jiik C{}fceivhi, hik hd h{q qkg{`jq

ck`pkqv, j`vh gjtk v}kqèig vkqtefk)

J cegcègc} hd h{q }ebk jwju wjv }ck }qjme}ehij` bkj`

pqkpjqkm jim vkqtkm au h{q Fceikvk fjmk}v) E} qkj`ù wjv

ksfk``ki}, we}c iefk aeg phq}ehiv dhq }chvk ckj`}cu jppk}e}kv)

Wk wkqk hiù }hh cjppu }h mh j`` }ck wjvceig {p dhq h{q

fhhlv)

M{qeig }ck wei}kq bhi}cv h{q f`jvvqhhb }qjeieig cjv

fhivev}km hd v{fc v{ankf}v jv }ckhqu hd dègc}, jeqdek`m `juh{}

jim jeqfqjd} qkfhgie}ehi) Wkjphi }qjeieig cjv akki

fhbp`k}km we}c j`` fjmk}v pjvveig }ckeq vjdk}u cjimèig }kv})

Wk cjtk vpki} j è}}`k bhqk }ebk hi h{q mqe`` }cev }kqb ei

qkjmeikvv dhq h{q aekiiej` qktekw ei Bju)

Jih}ckq v{ffkvvd{` `hhp }ck `hhpau Cjqqek} Mkthij`m

=;




M{lk hd Kmeia{qgc Kspkme}ehi N{ù 1??7

]ck }wh wkklv ei Dqjifk wkqk mkbjimeig, bki}j`ù jimpcuvefj`ù, a{} }ck kspkqekifkv jim bkbhqekv wk peflkm {phi }ck wju bjmk e} j`` whq}c e}) Wk cjtk j`` }ckvkwhimkqd{` bkbhqekv jim kspkqekifkv akfj{vk jv j gqh{pwk v{pphq}km kjfc h}ckq vh wk``, }ckqkdhqk bjleig }ck

j}bhvpckqk phve}etk jim kinhuja`k ktki j} }ck bhv}meddef{`} }ebkv) Gqh{p muijbefv E }ckqkdhqk tekw jv }ckbhv} ebphq}ji} djf}hq }h gk}}eig }ck bhv} h{} hd }cev }qep,akfj{vk jv `hig jv uh{ whql }hgk}ckq jim getk uh{q akv}ktkquhik akikde}v) A{} jv vhhi jv }ck gqh{p aqkjlv mhwipkhp`k akfhbk bevkqja`k jim uh{ n{v} mhi―} gk} }ck vjbkh{} hd e}) ]ckqkdhqk E hwk j`` bu gqkj} bkbhqekv E cjtk}jlki jwju we}c bk }h j`` }ck h}ckq bkbakqv ei bu gqh{pdhq bjleig e} v{fc ji kinhuja`k kspkqekifk)

_eppj Qeflk}}

]cev pjqjgqjpc ev jah{} hik hd }ck `htkv hd bu èdk< ih, ih}Dqjifk jim ih, ih} fjihkeig jim {idhq}{ij}kù ih} whbkike}ckq, e}―v j`` jah{} dhhm) J`` E fji chikv}ù vju ev }cj}

ihahmu ei bu gqh{p ktkq wki} c{igqu, wk j}k èlk leigv,dqhb }ck vpjgck}}e ah`hgikvk jim akkd v}qhgjihdd ei }ckktkieig }h Dqkifc }hjv} jim ajfhi a{}}ekv dhq aqkjldjv}) Wkwkqk j`wjuv h{} hi }ck qetkq ei }ck bhqieig we}c d{``v}hbjfcv jim ei h{q }ki}v j} }ck kim hd }ck mju ak`fceig we}cvj}evdjf}ehi)

]ck hik }ceig }cj} p`kjvkm bk }ck bhv} wjv }ck pqhgqkvvehihd h{q gqh{p ei }ck le}fcki) E cjtk j`wjuv akki ja`k }h fhhldhq buvk`d jim cjtk ji jqqju hd qkfepkv, a{} E wjv qkj`ùp`kjvkm we}c }ck wju }ck qkv} hd }ck gqh{p pjq}efepj}km)]ckqk wjv j gqkj} mkj` hd fjbjqjmkqek m{qeig bkj` }ebkvjim ktkquhik fchppkm, vèfkm –i mefkm }ckeq wju }cqh{gc }ck`hig V{bbkq ktkieigv) Ktkqu bkbakq hd }ck gqh{p wki}jwju dqhb }ck }qep we}c vhbk ikw"dh{im f{èijqu vle``v jim E

jb tkqu pqh{m }h vju E wjv pjq} hd }cj} gqh{p) Jim wcki uh{wqjp j fjihk jqh{im j qhfl jim }{qi e} ei}h j }ei bkvv }cki}ckqk―v ih}ceig ak}}kq }cji cjteig j gqh{p }cj} uh{ lihw we`àk }ckqk dhq uh{, a{} e}v j`vh iefk }h lihw }cj} }ckqk―v gheig}h ak j dkjv} ei uh{q bkvv }ei j} }ck kim hd e} j``) Ahi jppk}e}*

Nhk` Gj``ku

]ck ]kjb

M{lk hd Kmeia{qgcGh`m Jwjqm

]ck M{lk hd Kmeia{qgc Dqjifk kspkme}ehi wjv ktkqu}ceig E

kspkf}km e} }h ak jim bhqk, we}c }wh `kgkimjqu eiv}q{f}hqv

jim Bqv Fhwji jim Bqv BfFjq}cu, }ck hqgjievkqv hd }ck }qep)

]ck }qep wjv v{ffkvvd{` ei }cj} ktkquhik pjvvkm, ktkquhik

v{qtetkm jim ktkquhik cjm ks}qkbkù ghhm d{i j`hig }ck

wju) Fhbeig chbk wjv }ck whqv}, `kjteig }ck ghqgkh{v

wkj}ckq)E n{v} èlk }h }cjil Bqv Fhwji jim Bqv BfFjq}cu dhq j``

}ckeq kddhq}v ei hqgjieveig jim q{iieig }ck }qep jim E chpk

Bqv Fhwji jim Bqv BfFjq}cu }hhl h{} ghhm }qjtk`

eiv{qjifk }h qkp`jfk }ck fjihkv akfj{vk }wh h{} hd }ck detk

wkqk hiù de} dhq vfqjppeig jd}kq }ck }qep mhwi }ck

J`èkq) ]ck M{lk hd Kmeia{qgc Kspkme}ehi }h Dqjifk wjv ji

jbj~eig kspkqekifk jim wjv j wk`` whq}c }qep jim E

wh{`mi―} }ceil }wefk jah{} gheig jgjei)

Hètkq V{fl`ku

Wcki uh{ jqk hi }ck pqjf}evk kspkme}ehi }ck }kivehi

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fji hff{q) ]cev ev }ck aeggkv} }ceig }h mkj` we}c jim e} we`

j`wjuv }jlk }ck aeggkq pkhp`k }h `kjqi }h mkj` we}c }cev jim

j`vh ck`p }ck h}ckq bkbakqv hd }ck gqh{p) Hik hd }ck bjei

qkjvhiv dhq }ck M{lk hd Kmeia{qgc ev whqleig we}cei j }kjb

jim `hhleig jd}kq }ck h}ckq wkjlkq bkbakqv) Wcki wk

wkqk hi h{q `jv} kspkme}ehi akdhqk Dqjifk wk cjm j qkj`ù

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v{av}ji}ej` bkj` ei }ck mjqlikvv, }cev bkji} }cj} wk wkqk

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jim }ck kz{epbki} wcefc wk bjijgkm bhqk ei Dqjifk,

wcefc ei }{qi bjmk j fhivemkqja`k meddkqkifk }h }ck

j}bhvpckqk we}c }ck gqh{p)

Befcjk` @jig}hi

=4




Qh{gc qemk

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]cku wkqk phvveaù }ck akv} fckdv wk cjtk cjm we}c {v, }hh,

jim vjbpèig }ckeq bkjv wjv j ikfkvve}u dhq {v) Vhbkhikcjm }h mh e})

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Q BfF

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dhqkegi pkhp`kv }h vpkjl h{q hwi `jig{jgk, a{} wcki }cku

mhi―}, fhid{vehi* ]ck kspkme}ehi }h Dqjifk ev j pqebk

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hwi wjv ei vhbk fjvkv te}j`*

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ei bju fjvkv wk qkvhq}km }h cjim gkv}{qkv, jim }c{v gh}

bjiu v}qjigk jim akb{vkm `hhlv) E wh{`m c{gkù

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}wh h}ckq pkhp`k wkqk be`èig jah{} j Dqkifc }hwi, `hhleig,

vhbkwcj} ei tjei, dhq j vchp we}c dhhm jim mqeilv #ihi

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vchp h{q kqqqq․Mqeil #cjim gkv}{qk%‒ `{fleù }ck pkqvhi wk

jvlkm vphlk Kigèvc, a{} ei bjiu fjvkv }cku mhi―}, vh }h

bjlk }ck bhv} hd uh{q }qep, @KJQI DQKIFC*

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au h{q jppjqki} dqegc}kieig mkbkjih{q wk vk}}`km mhwi dhq vhbk wk`` kjqikm qkv}, a{} }cki jgjei, v}hikv dk`` èlk

ahbav hi }ck }ki}, wk cjm cjm kih{gc, q{iieig h{}vemk j}

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akceim j a{vc j`` wk fh{`m ckjq jv wk wkqk fcjveig }ckb

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qkj`ù aqjei mkjm, wk dh{im e} wjv ih} }ck Dqkifc a{} }ck

Kigèvc, jim }ck Kigèvc ei h{q gqh{p j} }cj}) Wk cjm j

gqkj} `j{gc jah{} e} jim v}{ba`km ajfl ei }h h{q }ki}v, ei j

bjiikq }cj} qkj`ù qkpqkvki}km mjwi hd }ck mkjm) Ed hiù

wk likw }cj} }ck ‐Dqkifc‒ wk ckjqm dqhb }ck jvvje`ji}v

wjv ih} Dqkifc a{} j wkeqm ‐vpkfej` aqkw― hd Dqkifc E}jèji

jim Kigèvc }cki bjuak }ck –Dqkifc eitjvehi― wh{`m iktkq

cjtk cjppkikm) Hd fh{qvk }cj} wjv j a`j}ji} èk jim e}

wh{`m cjtk cjppkikm jiuwju, jv M hd K, ev ih} hiù

pqhteig uh{qvk`d, vchweig mevfepèik jim `kjmkqvcep,

hqgjievj}ehi jim bki}j` jim pcuvefj` mqetk, e}―v j`vh jah{}

d{i, jim ei Dqjifk fckjp mqeil*

Cj` Fh`èvhi

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]cjilv tkqu b{fc }h Bqv BfFjq}cu, Qhqu BfFjq}cu jim BqvFhwji dhq bjleig e} cjppki)

Vjb Fhqqji

Wcki E `kjtk K``kvbkqk Fh``kgk E we`` bhv} mkdeie}kù `hhlajfl jim qkbkbakq }ck `j{gcv jim jmtki}{qk hd }ck M{lk hd Kmeia{qgc kspkme}ehiv) E}―v bu bhv} }qkjv{qkm jim akv}bkbhqu) ]ck }wh"wkkl }qep }h }ck Vh{}c hd Dqjifk wjv jhifk"ei"j"èdk}ebk kspkqekifk }cj} wjv {idhqgk}}ja`k, wcefcgjtk bk }kjb"whql vle``v, fhidemkifk jim mk}kqbeij}ehi jimbjeiù j `h} hd d{i) Fhbp`k}eig }ck jwjqm wjv ji jbj~eigjfcektkbki} dhq }ck wch`k gqh{p)

Vhpcek B{``hfl

Q) BfFjq}cu, @kwev Wji}èig, Bqv Bkqqe`` Jdej, Cegc Vckqqedd,

Hètkq V{fl`ku, Bj}} A{qqhwv $ Mkaaek Dk`v}kjm, MhK Hddefkq

_qkvki}j}ehi hd M{lk hd Kmeia{qgcVe`tkq Jwjqmv

=7




]ck M{lk hd Kmeia{qgc Jwjqm pqhgqjbbkv dhq Aqhi~k jim

Ve`tkq cjm j fhbp`k}k htkqcj{` }cev ukjq) ]ck ukjq wjv

metemkm ei}h vkf}ehiv }h eif`{mk pqkpjqj}ehi jim }qjeieig dhq

Kspkme}ehivv jim j`vh }ebk vpki} hi }ck Vkqtefk k`kbki} hd

}ck vfckbk)

Dqhb Vkp}kbakq }cqh{gc }h Hf}hakq, }ebk wjv vpki}fhtkqeig }ck ajvefv hd ijtegj}ehi, fjbp fqjd}, fhhleig,

q{flvjfl pjfleig jim kbkqgkifu pqhfkm{qkv) ]cki j} cj`d

}kqb fjbk }ck pqjf}efk kspkme}ehiv)

]ck Aqhi~k gqh{p vk} hdd dhq }ckeq pqjf}efk kspkme}ehi ei }ck

Akqwui bh{i}jeiv) ]ck gqh{p wjv `km au Bqv _j}hi jim

jvvev}km au Mq ]hbpleiv, Bq Vwjeivhi jim, jv j `j}k

ki}qji}, Bqv Devckq) ]ck p{qphvk hd }ck kspkme}ehi wjv }h

pqkpjqk }ck gqh{p dhq }ckeq deij` kspkme}ehi ei }ck V{bbkq

}kqb) ]cev eith tkm }ck {vk hd bjp"qkjmeig vle``v jim }ck

{vk hd }ck fhbpjvv jv wk`` jv gkikqj` fjbp fqjd})

Mju : vjw }ck gqh{p vk} hdd j} Gùimudqmwu jim bjlk }ckeq

wju }cqh{gc }h }ckeq deqv} fjbp ve}k, wcefc wjv j} GùiFkeqehg) B{fc hd }ck mju wjv vpki} ijtegj}eig }ckeq wju

j`hig tjqeh{v dhh}pj}cv jim {veig }ck bjp jv }ck bjei phei}

hd qkdkqkifk)

]ck bhqieig hd Mju 1 vjw }ck gqh{p {p aqegc} jim kjqù jim

qjqeig }h gh dhq }ck deij` `kg hd }ckeq kspkme}ehi) M{qeig }ck

mju }cku wkqk }h wj`l dqhb Gùi Fkeqehg }h }ck pef}{qkvz{k

jqkj hd _ev}u`` Qcjkmq wckqk, jd}kq j mju hd fhbpjvv whql

jim pjfeig, }cku vk} {p dhq }ckeq deij` fjbp)

Mju 6 wjv j qkv} mju jim }ck v}{mki}v cjm fkq}jeiù kjqikm

e}) ]cku vk} hdd ajfl }h vfchh`, fh`m jim wk} }cqh{gc a{} v}e``

ei ghhm vpeqe}v) ]cku wkqk fkq}jeiù fckkqkm au }ck

{ivfckm{`km v}hp"htkq }h Bjfmhij`mv*

]ck }wh"mju wj`l wjv tj`{ja`k }qjeieig dhq }ck gqh{p jim

}cev fkq}jeiù v}hhm }ckb ei ghhm v}kjm dhq }ckeq deij`kspkme}ehi ei }ck V{bbkq)

]ck Ve`tkq gqh{p wki} }h Vihwmhiej we}c Bq V}jiwju, Bv

Jaah}v jim Belk –]ck Akjv}― _{gc, ji H{}mhhq Jf}ete}ekv

eiv}q{f}hq)

]cku wkqk p{} }cqh{gc ji ei}kivetk }cqkk"mju fh{qvk hd

ijtegj}ehi jim kspkme}ehi vle``v ei }ck cjqvc v{qqh{imeigv

hd }ck Bhk`wui Bh{i}jeiv)

Mju : eif`{mkm ji hqeki}kkqeig fh{qvk jgjeiv} }ck f`hfl ei

wcefc j`` ebpqkvvkm we}c }ckeq j``"qh{im bjp vle``v) Ei }ck

ktkieig }ckqk wjv j qh{im hd vkbeijqv hi }ck ei}qefjfekv hd

befqh"ijtegj}ehi ‖ vle``v }cku wh{`m ikkm dhq }ck vkfhim

mju)

Hi Mju 1, }ck wkj}ckq }{qikm jim qjei fjbk mhwi ei gh`d"

aj``"ve~km mqhpv) M{qeig }ck }cqkk"ch{q wj`l ei}h }ck ce``v

ktkquhik akfjbk vhjlkm }h }ck vlei jim qkd{gk wjv

ktki}{j`ù dh{im ei }ck jajimhikm z{jqqu a{e`meigv j}

Fwbhq}cei) Mkvpe}k }cev vpeqe}v wkqk cegc, jim }ck gqh{p

vk} hdd }h deim j v{e}ja`k p`jfk }h {vk jv j we`m fjbpve}k dhq

}ck iegc}) ]cev wjv }h pqhtk meddef{`} jv teveaeè}u wjv phhq

jim }ck gqh{im wjv fhtkqkm ei likk"mkkp wj}kq)

Ktki}{j`ù vhbk cegckq gqh{im wjv dh{im, jim jv }ck

}ki}v wkqk pe}fckm }ck qjei akgji }h kjvk hdd) Jd}kq j

z{efl ae}k }h kj} }ck gqh{p wjv vkpjqj}km, jim {imkq }ck

g{emjifk hd Bq _{gc jim Bq V}jiwju fhbp`k}km ji

jqm{h{v phei}"}h"phei} ijtegj}ehi kskqfevk) ]cku }cki

qk}{qikm }h }ck fjbpve}k }h pqkpjqk dhq j

`hig fh`m iegc} ei }ck bh{i}jeiv jv }ck

v}jdd wj`lkm ajfl h{} }h }ck fjbpve}k ei

}ck tj``ku)

Wcki }cku jqqetkm j} }ck bkk}eig phei} ei

}ck tj``ku j} 5 jb }ck iks} bhqieig, fh`m,

mjbp a{} v}e`` ei ghhm vpeqe}v, }cku wkqk

bk} we}c j ijv}u v{qpqevk) Jd}kq akeig

}jlki ei }ck beiea{v ei}h j ikjqau dhqkv},

}cku wj`lkm }cqh{gc }h qkjfc j qhflu

h{}fqhp htkq`hhleig j wj}kqdj``) ]ck

fcj``kigk ‖ }h n{bp dqhb }ck qhflv ei}h

}ck dqkk~eig v}qkjb vhbk 6? dkk} ak`hw)

]h }ck fqkme} hd }ck wch`k gqh{p, }cku j``

ebbkmej}kù qhvk }h }ck fcj``kigk jim

}hhl }ck p`{igk*

Jd}kq Kspkme}ehiv, }ck v}{mki}v v}jq}km

hi }ck Vkqtefk vkf}ehiv hd }ck jwjqm) Hi

]c{qvmju jd}kqihhiv, vhbk v}{mki}v

cjtk akki mheig fhivkqtj}ehi whql j}

Kqmmeg, Cjwlv}hik Dh`ù hq we}c

K``kvbkqk―v Fh{i}quvemk Vkqtefk

Qjigkqv) H}ckqv cjtk akki v{pphq}eig pqebjqu vfchh`

}kjfckqv ei `hfj` vfchh`v, ck`peig uh{igkq fce`mqki we}c

qkjmeig jim gjbkv jf}ete}ekv) J`` cjm j ikw jim qkwjqmeig

kspkqekifk) Jih}ckq gqh{p k`kf}km }h pjq}efepj}k ei }ck

@ktk` : Vphq}v @kjmkqv Jwjqm) ]cev ev ji jwjqm vfckbk

dhq uh{ig pkhp`k wcefc jf}v jv }ck deqv} q{ig hi }ck `jmmkq

}h gk}}eig eith`tkm ei fhjfceig vphq}eig jf}ete}ekv) E}

eith`tkm `kjqieig chw }h hqgjievk gqh{pv, getk f`kjq

eiv}q{f}ehiv, hqgjievk kz{epbki} jim getk fhjfceig }epv ei

j wemk qjigk hd vphq}v) ]cev bju vh{im z{e}k vebp`k, a{}

ev j qkj` fcj``kigk jim j`` }ck v}{mki}v whqlkm cjqm }hmktk`hp }ck qjigk hd vle``v jim pkqvhij` z{jè}ekv qkz{eqkm)

]cev f{`beij}km ei }ckeq deij` jvvkvvbki}, wckqk }cku }hhl

htkq jim qji @hwkq Vfchh` Gjbkv dhq j }wh"ch{q vkvvehi

fhjfceig fqeflk} jim qh{imkqv) Ei Vkp}kbakq :5 v}{mki}v

wkqk pqkvki}km au Bq Wegij`` we}c }ckeq jwjqm)

_hei} }h phei} ijtegj}ehi ikjq @ùi Fhfc

Aqhi~k Jwjqm

=3




Jv pjq} hd }ck M{lk hd Kmeia{qgc Jwjqm pqhgqjbbkv, }ckv}{mki}v b{v} fhbp`k}k j pkqehm hd vkqtefk)

Ei pqkteh{v ukjqv wk cjtk cjm p{pe`v v{pphq}eig @hwkq

Vfchh` gjbkv `kvvhiv hi ]c{qvmjuv, a{} }cev ukjq E wji}km

vhbk}ceig j ae} bhqk dhqbj`)

]ck @ktk` : N{iehq Vphq}v @kjmkqv Jwjqm ev jffqkme}km au ji

hqgjievj}ehi fj``km Vphq}v @kjmkqv [L) E} ev ji jwjqm dhq :="

:4 ukjq"h`mv wch cjtk ji ei}kqkv} ei akfhbeig eith`tkm ei

vphq}v fhjfceig)

E} ev kvvki}ej`ù }ck deqv} v}kp hi }ck `jmmkq }hwjqm akfhbeig j

fhjfc) ]ck emkj ev }h ei}qhm{fk uh{ig pkhp`k }h }ck ajvefv hd

hqgjieveig kz{epbki}, p`jiieig jf}ete}ekv, fhi}qh`èig j gqh{p,

ckj`}c jim vjdk}u evv{kv jim kifh{qjgeig djeq p`ju) E} ev ih}

vpkfedef }h jiu hik vphq})

]ck gqh{p whqlkm qkj`ù cjqm, jim htkq }ck fh{qvk hd }ck ukjq

vchwkm j c{gk ebpqhtkbki} ei }ckeq pkqvhij` vle``v jim qkj`ù

kinhukm }ck hpphq}{ie}ekv jim fcj``kigkv e} pqkvki}km) Dhq

vhbk e} wjv j qkj` kuk"hpkikq }h ak ei }ck qh`k hd }kjfckq jim

kspkqekifk wcj} ev èlk }h cjtk }h bh}etj}k, hqgjievk jim

kifh{qjgk gqh{pv hd uh{ig fce`mqki)

_BV

Jd}kq Kjv}kq, e} wjv ajfl }h pqkpjqj}ehi dhq }ck deij`

kspkme}ehiv) ]ck Aqhi~k gqh{p }cev }ebk }{qikm }ckeq

j}}ki}ehi }h }ck F`wumeji bh{i}jei qjigk) ]ck gqh{p

cjm akfhbk j è}}`k vbj``kq ei i{bakq au }cev }ebk a{}

}ck mek"cjqmv wkqk v}e`` {p dhq }ck fcj``kigk) ]cku wkqk

j dji}jv}ef gqh{p wch qkj`ù gh} v}{fl ei, mkvpe}k }ck

jppj`èig wkj}ckq jim phhq teveaeè}u dhq b{fc hd }ck

wj`lv) Mjuv : jim 1 vjw }ck gqh{p fhbp`k}k }ck deij`

kspkme}ehi jim }cku wkqk j`` getki g`hweig qkphq}v au }ck

jvvkvvhq, Bq Fhw`ku, wch fhbpèbki}km }ckb hi }ckeq

bj}{qk jppqhjfc }h }ck ktki}) Jv j qkwjqm dhq }ckeq

kddhq}v }ck gqh{p wkqk }qkj}km }h }ck feikbj jimphpfhqi, wcefc }cku j`` m{ù kinhukm) ]ck kspkme}ehi

wjv qh{imkm hdd au j }qep hi Mju 6 }h Wj}kqwhq`m ei

Wqkscjb, wckqk jfceig ahikv wkqk vhh}ckm ei }ck

njf{~~e, akdhqk }ck gqh{p ckjmkm ajfl }h vfchh`)

Dhq }ckeq deij` kspkme}ehi, }ck Ve`tkq gqh{p qk}{qikm }h

Vihwmhiej, }cev }ebk ei }ck Qceihg bh{i}jei qjigk)

Vhbk jwd{` wkj}ckq fhime}ehiv hi }ck deqv} mju bkji} j

dhqfkm fcjigk }h }ck qh{}k p`ji, a{} au Mju 1 }ck

wkj}ckq cjm f`kjqkm vègc}ù jim ji kinhuja`k mju wjv

cjm wj`leig htkq bh{i}jeiv }h ]qjwvduiumm qkvkqtheq)

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=5




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Fcqev}bjv Fjqh`v

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Bjfk Fhbpk}e}ehi 1??4

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we}c whqmv)

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Wk`` mhik*

F@F

;6




Vkiehq Ei}kq Ch{vk Mkaj}eig

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pqetj}k ih} j p{aèf bj}}kq)

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mhwi ei cev}hqu)

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kvvki}ej` ei }cev vhq} hd ktki} jim Wjlkbji"@jbajq}

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a{} E wjv wqhig< }ck Vkiehq ktki} pqhtkm }h ak h{}v}jimeig

jim we`` gh mhwi jv cjteig akki hik hd }ck akv} deij` qh{imv

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Weiieig }kjbv ‖ Wjlkbji"@jbajq} $ Whhmjqm

Deij` Qh{im

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vch{`m ak qkei}qhm{fkm ei}h vfchh`v)

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Wk`` mhik }h Whhmjqm ]kjb ‖ Nhvc{j Ahvwk``, hk Cjuikv$ Ielh Whn}uiej)

Wjlkbji"@jbajq} $ Bkuik`` N{iehq ]kjb

Whhmjqm $ ]jàh} N{iehq ]kjb

;;




Bkuik`` Vkiehq ]kjb ]jàh} Vkiehq Mkaj}eig ]kjb

Wjlkbji @jbajq} Vkiehq Mkaj}eig ]kjb Whhmjqm Vkiehq Mkaj}eig ]kjb

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jim j tkqu AEG ]CJIL UH[ }h Fcqev jim Cjm`kegc dhq }ck

gjtk` }cku pqkvki}km }h bk)

F@F

;4




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Q_A

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;7




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;3




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Q_A

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4?




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4:




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41




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[:4 ST Aevchp Tkvku―v #6qm ST% @hv} :7 6:

[:4 ST Mkiv}hik @hv} ? 1?

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[:4 ST V}hikuc{qv} @hv} ? 17

]kjb Hpphiki}v Qkv{`} Dhq Jgjeiv}

[:;J Vjimajfc Whi 64 6:

[:;J Bj`tkqi Whi =1 ;

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[:;J Mkiv}hik @hv} :? 67

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[:;J Aeqlkickjm Mqkw 1= 1=

[:;A V}jddhqm #J% @hv} ; 17

[:;A Akmv}hik #J% @hv} 7 64

[:;A Aevchp Tkvku―v @hv} :7 6=

[:=J Vjimajfc @hv} ? :=

[:=J Bj`tkqi Whi 15 ?

[:=J Qumj` Whi ;1 :1

[:=J Ikwfjv}`k Whi 6= :1

[:=J Aevchp Tkvku―v Whi 15 :=

[:=J Mkiv}hik Whi :; :1

[:=J Aeqlkickjm @hv} :? :=

[:=A V}jddhqm #J% @hv} ? 64

[:=A Bj`tkqi Whi :3 ?

[:=A Wqklei #[:=J% @hv} ; ;1

[:=A Aevchp Tkvku―v @hv} :? 17

[:=A Aeqlkickjm @hv} ? 15

46




1??4 VKJVHI

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d{q}ckq }qekv)

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44




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43




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7:




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pqkteh{v wkkl) Chwktkq, hi }cev hffjvehi e} wjv }ckhpphve}ehi wch qjevkm }ckeq gjbk)

Jgjeiv} Fc{qfc V}qk}}hi ei }ck –Tjvk― wk p`jukm j`` }ck

q{gau a{} j`vh bjmk j`` }ck bev}jlkv) ]ck hpphve}ehimkdkifk ck`m {v h{} jim j mevjpphei}eig ?"7 vfhqk"èik vjw

{v gh h{})

Wk p`jukm vhbk hd h{q akv} q{gau hd }ck vkjvhi ei }ck deqv}1? bei{}kv hd }ck bj}fc jgjeiv} Ckqkdhqm Fj}ckmqj`

Vfchh`) Ei}h }ck weim jim hi j wk} jim vèppkqu pe}fc wkp`jukm vhbk tkqu meqkf} q{gau) Dqhb }ck cjigeig lefl"hdd gj}ckqkm ei au h{q dhqwjqmv hi }ck fcjvk wk mqhtk wk``jim pqhm{fkm j ghhm v{ppù hd `hhvk aj``) ]ck ajflv qji

wk`` j`}ch{gc mem }kim }h mk`ju }ck pjvv) Chwktkq, v{pphq}

wjv {v{j`ù hi cjim jim we}c vhbk ghhm cjimèig,

fhivemkqeig }ck fhime}ehiv, wk wkqk ja`k }h q{i ei ; }qekvwe}ch{} qkpù }h `kjm 17"? j} cj`d }ebk) J deik tef}hqu au 65";

qkv{`}km)

We}c j fh{p`k hd lku ajflv bevveig }cqh{gc ein{qu e} wjv

ikfkvvjqu }h qkhqgjievk }ck }cqkk"z{jq}kq èik ebbkmej}kù

akdhqk }ck gjbk jgjeiv} Aeqlkickjm) Mkvpe}k }cev wk

p`jukm vhbk ghhm q{gau }h qkfhtkq dqhb j 5"phei} mkdefe}bem"bj}fc jim gjei }ck `kjm we}c :? bei{}kv hq vh

qkbjeieig) Chwktkq, wce`v} }ck bj}fc vkqtkm }h

mkbhiv}qj}k {v j} h{q akv}, we}c vhbk pqhm{f}etk q{fleig

jim mqeteig dqhb }ck dhqwjqmv jim meqkf} q{iieig dqhb }ckajflv, h{q pqhpkive}u }h bjlk bev}jlkv wjv j`vh qktkj`km)]hh hd}ki leflv wkqk bevp`jfkm, }ck aj`` `hv} ei fhi}jf} jim

p`jiikm bhtkv ih} kskf{}km ei j vebp`k jimv}qjegc}dhqwjqm wju) Hifk wk cjm jfcektkm }ck `kjm wk

fh{`m jim vch{`m cjtk f`hvkm }ck hpphve}ehi h{}) Chwktkq,

j vkqekv hd kqqhqv j``hwkm Aeqlkickjm }h fjbp ei h{q 11jim ktki}{j`ù }h deim j wju htkq }ck èik) Dhq}{ij}kù }ck

fhitkqvehi dqhb wemk h{} bevvkm jim }ck gjbk wjv mqjwi

j} 1="1=) J djeq qkv{`} jim kim }h }ck vkjvhi)

B]MV

B]MV mkaj}eig }ck deikq phei}v we}c Vjb @kwev

71




@hhleig ajfl j} `jv} ukjq―v ksfk``ki} qkv{`}v jim we}c }ckjmme}ehi hd j dkw ikw djfkv, }cev wjv j`wjuv gheig }h ak jiksfe}eig vkjvhi) ]cev wjv mkbhiv}qj}km }cqh{gch{} }ckvkjvhi we}c vhbk ks}qkbkù cjqm jim tkqu pcuvefj` gjbkv)

Wk hpkikm }ck vkjvhi jwju jgjeiv} Vjimajfc, wch wkqk}ck aeggkv} [:= }kjb E cjtk vkki dhq bjiu ukjqv) E} wjvvhhi ktemki} }cj} }cev }kjb wjv ih} n{v} aeg jim pcuvefj` a{}j`vh tkqu z{efl jim vle`d{`) Cjteig getki jwju 1 vhd} }qekv, wkwkqk ?":= mhwi j} cj`d }ebk) E wjv qj}ckq jppqkckivetk dhq }ck vkfhim cj`d) H{q mkdkifk wjv dji}jv}ef jim wk qkj`ù p{}h{q ahmekv hi }ck èik) Wk v}jq}km p{}}eig Vjimajfc {imkq pqkvv{qk jim fjbk tkqu f`hvk }h vfhqeig j dkw }qekvh{qvk`tkv) H{q fhbbe}bki} wjv }qkbkimh{v jim }ck }kjbvchwkm n{v} wcj} }cku fji mh ed }cku wji} }h)

Deij` vfhqk ?":=

]ck vkfhim gjbk vjw {v p`jueig j} chbk jgjeiv} Bj`tkqi)]cev pqhtkm }h ak j mevjpphei}eig des}{qk jv wk cjm }h p`jujgjeiv} }ckeq [:;A }kjb ei }ck vkfhim cj`d, jv wk cjmh{}p`jukm }ckeq [:=J }kjb ei j`` jvpkf}v) Wk whifhbdhq}jaù jgjeiv} }ckeq [:;A }kjb 15"? jim wkqk chpeig}cj} wk wh{`m vhhi ak ja`k }h mkbhiv}qj}k h{q vle``v jgjeiv}j ghhm }kjb jim vchw pkhp`k wcj} wk fh{`m mh we}c }ck aj`èi cjim) Wk mem ih} cjtk }h wje} `hig jv }ck iks} gjbkpqhm{fkm }ck akv} q{gau hd }ck vkjvhi jgjeiv} Qumj`)K``kvbkqk p`jukm vhbk z{e}k jwkvhbk q{gau jim wkqk ja`k}h hdd`hjm }ck aj`` ei }ck }jfl`k ve}{j}ehi jim ih} j``hw Qumj`

}ebk }h qkgqh{p) ]ck v{pphq} p`ju wjv }qkbkimh{v jim }ckdhqwjqmv fh{`m mh è}}`k wqhig) ]cev gjbk pqhm{fkm vhbkbjgiedefki} }qekv, qkv{`}eig ei {v weiieig ;1 ‖:1)

Wk chv}km Ikwfjv}`k }ck dh``hweig wkklkim, wcefcpqhm{fkm tkqu vfqjppu q{gau jim phhq aj`` cjimèig jimqkv{`}km ei {v geteig jwju djq }hh b{fc phvvkvvehi)

[imkq :=J Q{gau Qkphq}

Wk mem bjijgk }h vfhqk vhbk ghhm }qekv, a{} fh{`m cjtkwhi }ck gjbk djq bhqk fhbdhq}ja`k) Deij` vfhqk 6=":1)Aevchp Tkvku―v dh``hwkm wckqk wk whi 15":=) ]ck dhqwjqmvwkqk jwkvhbk ei }ck deqv} cj`d p`jueig jgjeiv} j aeggkq pjfl)H{q mkdkifk ei }ck vkfhim cj`d `k} {v mhwi vhbkwcj}, `k}}eig}ckb fqhvv h{q èik }wefk) Iktkq}ck`kvv, j ghhm pkqdhqbjifkjim j ghhm wei)

]ck vkfhim"`jv} gjbk wjv jgjeiv} Mkiv}hik wckqk wkbjijgkm }h ch`m hi }h j ijqqhw `kjm, q{iieig h{} :;":1weiikqv) Deij` gjbk hd }ck vkjvhi, Aeqlkickjm) ]cev wjvj`wjuv gheig }h ak hik hd }ck bhv} meddef{`} gjbkv hd }ckvkjvhi) Jv we}c Vjimajfc, }cku cjm vhbk vle`d{` jim z{eflp`jukqv, wch wk j``hwkm }h q{i j} {v) ]cev qkv{`}km ei }ckbvfhqeig j dkw vhd} }qekv }cj} {`}ebj}kù `kjm }h {v `hveig :?":=)Ih} }ck emkj` kim }h j ghhm vkjvhi, a{} chpkd{`ù wk we```kjqi dqhb h{q bev}jlkv)

]ck ]kjb> Dqhi} qhw, ]hb Aqhjmckjm, C{gc Wegij`` jimMh{g`jv J``vhp) Vk`mhb wjv }cev dqhi} qhw p{vckm ajfl ei }ckvfq{b) ]hb jim C{gc―v v{pphq} p`ju wjv eitj`{ja`k, wce`kMh{g`jv― vfq{bbeig ebpqhtkm we}c ktkqu gjbk jim ckakfjbk ji ei}kgqj` pjq} hd }ck kigeik qhhb) Vkfhim qhw, Mji]chbjv jim Njbkv @kjcu) Mji, akeig aeg jim v}qhig, wjvja`k }h fjqqu }ck aj`` wk``) Njbkv, j`}ch{gc p`jueig `hfl, wjvhd}ki }ck deqv} p`jukq j} }ck aqkjlmhwi, bjleig cev v{pphq}p`ju h{}v}jimeig) Ajfl qhw, Ji}chiu Wui"Nhikv, Njlk ]ju`hq jim Vjb _ce`èpv) J`}ch{gc Ji} cjm j qkjvhijaù z{ek}vkjvhi, ck mem vchw gqkj} ebpqhtkbki} }cqh{gch{} }ckvkjvhi) Njlk cjm j gqkj} vkjvhi, p`jueig }ck emkj` hpki vemkd`jilkq qh`k, p{}}eig ei vhbk aeg ce}v m{qeig }ck vkjvhi) Vjb{idhq}{ij}kù vkkbkm }h pefl {p j ikw ein{qu ktkqu gjbk)]cev wjv }h cjbpkq cev pqhgqkvv, a{} ck wjv v}e`` ja`k }h p{} eij aeg kddhq} }cqh{gc bhv} hd }ck vkjvhi)

76




Vfq{b cj`d, Aqui _ce`èpv) Ck p`jukm vhbk gqkj} q{gau) Dhq vhbkhik vh vbj``, Aqui wjv iktkq vfjqkm }h }jlk hivhbkhik }wefk cev ve~k) E} ev ebphq}ji}, }ch{gc, }cj} ck `kjqivih} }h htkq"mh }ck pcuvefj` pjq} hd cev q{gau, jim qj}ckq fhifki}qj}k hi cev mev}qea{}ehi jim p{}}eig p`jukqv jwju) We``Ghhmwei pqhtkm }h ak j ghhm dù cj`d, akeig ja`k }h vph} jgjp tkqu z{eflù) Cev mev}qea{}ehi ah}c hdd cev `kd} jim qegc}cjim ev tkqu ghhm ‖ cev bjei mhwivemk akeig cev ve~k jimvpkkm) Fki}qkv, Gkhqgk Ajs}kq, #Fjp}jei% jim Ewji _ce`èpvdhqbkm j ghhm pjeqeig) Gkhqgk kinhukm q{iieig we}c }ck aj`èi cjim, jim wjv iktkq hik }h vcu jwju dqhb q{iieig ei}hvpjfk, wce`k cev mkdkifk wjv j`wjuv qhfl vhèm) Ewji,j`}ch{gc ih} }ck aeggkv}, j`vh p{} ei vhbk aeg ce}v, j`}ch{gc,èlk cev aqh}ckq, }hh hd}ki }hhl }ck aj`` ei}h fhi}jf}) ]cev ev jijvpkf} }cj} }cku b{v} ah}c dhf{v hi iks} ukjq) Weigv,Gkhqgk Fjtk jim Njbek Wce}}`kv) Gkhqgk cjv j }qkbkimh{vjbh{i} hd vpkkm jim wjv ja`k }h {vk e} }h vfhqk bjiu deik}qekv m{qeig }ck vkjvhi) Njbek wjv bhtkm }h weig bem"wju}cqh{gc }ck vkjvhi jim vchwkm gèbpvkv hd wcj} ck evfjpja`k hd mheig) We}c j è}}`k bhqk fhidemkifk, Njbek fh{`mqkj`ù vchw cev }q{k ph}ki}ej`)

D{`àjfl, Aki Aqhhlv) [idhq}{ij}kù bevvkm }ck deqv} dkwgjbkv m{k }h ein{qu)

J vkjvhi we}c bhqk des}{qkv }cji ei pqkteh{v ukjqv pqhtemkmj fhbpqkckivetk des}{qk èv}) ]ck fcj``kigk wjv }h p`jujgjeiv} j i{bakq hd J }kjbv, eif`{meig Wqklei Fh``kgk,Bj`tkqi, V}jddhqm jim Qhvvj``) Wce`k wk bjei}jeikm j

fqkme}ja`k mkgqkk hd qkvev}jifk jgjeiv} }ckvk vemkv e} wjv

meddef{`} }h gjei kih{gc aj`` }h mktk`hp pkik}qj}etk pjvvjgkvhd p`ju, pjq}ef{`jqù jv J }kjbv j`wjuv cjtk j i{bakq hd `jqgk jim djv} p`jukqv) Chwktkq, wcki wk mem p`ju A }kjbv,

}ck gjbkv wkqk f`hvk we}c j ghhm wei jgjeiv} Bj`tkqi―v Avemk) ]h }ck fqkme} hd }ck }kjb, wce`k e} wjv ih} kjvu p`jueigjgjeiv} h}ckq vfchh`v― J }kjbv, }ck vz{jm wkqk j`wjuv

[:=A Q{gau Qkphq}

_`jueig d{`àjfl dhq }ck deqv} }ebk wjv vhbkwcj} mj{i}eig dhq

ceb eie}ej`ù, a{} we}c cev pjfk jim }ck wju ck qkjmv }ck

gjbk, E }ceil Aki fh{`m ak ji jwkvhbk d{`àjfl) H}ckq

p`jukqv }h cjtk p`jukm dhq }ck }kjb }cev ukjq eif`{mk

Befcjk` Aqhwi j} pqhp jim `hfl, Mhbeief K`èv j} `hhvk

dhqwjqm, jim H`èk Aqkqk}hi j} d`jil jim fki}qk)

]h {vk hiù :3 p`jukqv m{qeig }ck vkjvhi vchwv chw

dhq}{ij}k wk wkqk we}c ein{qekv jim }cev j`vh ck`pkm we}c

fhi}ei{e}u)

Htkqj``, wk cjm j tkqu v{ffkvvd{` vkjvhi, a{} E mhi―}

akèktk wk z{e}k p`jukm }h h{q d{`` ph}ki}ej`) Ed wk fjipqhm{fk }ck j}}jfleig q{gau }cj} }cku p`jukm jgjeiv} Qumj`,

jim }ck mk}kqbeij}ehi vchwi jgjeiv} }ck aeg vemk dqhb

Vjimajfc, E jb v{qk wk fji cjtk j dji}jv}ef vkjvhi iks}ukjq) Wk`` mhik jim ghhm `{fl dhq }ck d{}{qk)

Qkg{`jq p`jukqv>A Aqhhlv, N Wce}}`kv, E _ce`èpv, G Ajs}kq #fjp}jei%, G Fjtk,

W Ghhmwei, A, _ce`èpv, V _ce`èpv, J Wui"Nhikv, N ]ju`hq,

M ]chbjv, N @kjcu, M J``vhp, C Wegij``, ] Aqhjmckjm,

B Aqhwi, M K`èv, H Aqkqk}hi

FFF

mk}kqbeikm jim iktkq gjtk {p ktki ei meddef{`} ve}{j}ehiv)M{qeig }ck vkjvhi }ckqk wjv j mkdeie}k ebpqhtkbki} ei j``jvpkf}v hd }ck gjbk, pjq}ef{`jqù hqgjievj}ehi j} }ckaqkjlmhwi, }jflèig jim pjvveig {imkq pqkvv{qk) E jb v{qkb{fc hd }cev wjv m{k }h }ck djf} }cj} }ck J }kjb jim A }kjb

vz{jmv }qjeikm }hgk}ckq) ]ckqk wjv j`wjuv j ghhm vz{jmvpeqe} jim ji ksfk``ki} j}}kimjifk j} }qjeieig) ]ck }kjb wjviktkq vchq} hd p`jukqv dhq bj}fckv, hd}ki }ck evv{k akeig }hgk} j gjbk dhq j`` wch wevckm }h p`ju) J qkj` fqkme} }h ah}c}ck [:= q{gau vz{jmv) Wk`` mhik)

GH

7=




Geq`v― chflku cjv kinhukm jih}ckq v{ffkvvd{` vkjvhi) ]cev}kqb vjw }ck ei}qhm{f}ehi hd {veig Wkmikvmju(]c{qvmjuGjbkv Jd}kqihhiv }h }qjei hi Jv}qh}{qd v{qdjfkv j} @e``kvcj`Ìj}ehij` Vphq}v Fki}qk jim QJD Vcjwa{qu) Ah}c tki{kvcjtk akki ksfk``ki} dhq mktk`hpeig }ck geq`v― v}efl vle``v jimgjbk p`ju ei hqmkq dhq {v }h fhbpk}k jgjeiv} vfchh`v we}cJv}qhv) J`` geq`v dqhb }ck [:: ]kjb }h :v} ]kjb cjtk cjm}ck fcjifk }h p`ju hi Jv}qh}{qd)

]ckqk cjtk akki vhbk fqkme}ja`k pkqdhqbjifkv }cqh{gch{}}ck vkjvhi>

:v} ]kjb p`jukm 5, whi ;, mqkw : jim `hv} 6) ]ckqk wkqkfqkme}ja`k weiv htkq Leig―v Fckv}kq, Jaah}v Aqhb`ku,Hvwkv}qu Vfchh`, Akmv}hik Fh``kgk jim V}jddhqm Gqjbbjq Vfchh`) ]cev ev j uh{ig }kjb #bjiu Ukjq ::v% wch cjtkkinhukm v{ffkvv }cev ukjq wcefc bjlkv }ck h{}`hhl dhq Geq`v―Chflku pqhbeveig dhq iks} ukjq* J vpkfej` bki}ehi vch{`m gh}h Jaegje` Bkqqe``, wch cjv akki ji ksfk``ki} Fjp}jei jim cjv`km au ksjbp`k hi jim hdd }ck pe}fc)

]ck bhv} v{ffkvvd{` }kjb wkqk }ck N{iehq J―v, wch jqk j}kjb bjmk {p hd Ukjq 5―v jim :?―v) ]cku whi j`` }ckeq bj}fckv) M{qeig }ck vkjvhi }cku vfhqkm ji eifqkmea`k =;ghj`v jim hiù `k} : ghj` pjv} }ckb) ]ckqk jqk bjiu }j`ki}kmgeq`v ei }cev }kjb jim j vpkfej` bki}ehi b{v} gh }h Kbeù@kwev wch p`jukm }wh gjbkv dhq }ck :v} SE)

Ei @hwkq Vfchh` }ck chflku ev }cqeteig) ]ck [:6v fjbkQ{iikqv {p ei }ck [:6 Ihq}c Vcqhpvceqk Chflku jim }ck[:1―v fjbk 6qm ei }ck vjbk fhbpk}e}ehi) Ah}c }kjbv cjtkkinhukm v{ffkvv jim cjtk hiù `hv} : gjbk }cev vkjvhi)[::([:?―v kinhukm bjiu dqekimù bj}fckv) ]ck cegcègc} hd }ckeq }kqb wjv akj}eig Bhqk}hi Cj`` }wefk hi }ckeq Jv}qh}{qd)

Geq`v― Chflku

Fh{i}u Jfcektkbki}v]cev }kqb wk cjtk 4 geq`v qkpqkvki}eig }ck Fh{i}u j} Chflku)

Kbbj Nhcivhi #[:7%

Kbeù @kwev, Fcjq`h}}k Vckjqkq jim ^hk Ktjiv #[:;%

Vjqjc Weflv jim J`ks Dkjqiv #[:6%

C@G

:v}

S: Geq`v Chflku Vkjvhi Qktekw

]ck dh``hweig ev j z{efl g{emk }h }ck

1??4( ?7 vkjvhiv des}{qkv)

Vkp} :4}c Leigv whi 4"?

Vkp} 1?}c V}jddhqm G whi 6":

Vkp} 17}c 7―v ]―bki} 4}c p`jfk

Hf} =}c Wk`vcphh` `hv} ;"?

Hf} ::}c [:5 ]―bki} =}c p`jfk

Hf} :=}c Qumj` @hv} 7"?

Iht :v} J) Aqhb`ku whi :"?

Iht =}c Hvwkv}qu whi :"?

Iht 3}c Wqklei `hv} 5"?

Iht ::}c Akmv}hik whi 1"?

Iht :;}c Bhqk}hi mqkw ?"?

J tkqu ckf}ef jim a{vu vfckm{`k cjv vkki }ck :v} S: bjlk

ksfk``ki} pqhgqkvv }cev vkjvhi)

]ck }kjb vjem ghhmauk }h 3 bkbakqv hd }ck vz{jm dqhb `jv}

vkjvhi jim vh hiù 6 p`jukqv qkbjeikm dqhb }ck pqkteh{v

vkjvhi―v ksphè}v)

Geq`v― Chflku Qkphq}

7;




Jae Bkqqe``, `jv} ukjq―v tefk fjp}jei wjv getki }ck `kjmkqvcepjim Ak}c F`kw`hw wjv fchvki jv ckq {imkqv}{mu ei }cev tkquuh{ig }kjb) H{} hd }ck vz{jm hd :=, 7 wkqk dqhb ukjq :: jimvh }ck aj`jifk jim }jf}efv hd }ck }kjb fcjigkm ei jffhqmjifk}h }ck ikw v}q{f}{qk jim dhqbj}ehi hd }ck }kjb)

]ck des}{qk èv} wjv p`jiikm bk}ef{`h{vù }h kiv{qk kjfc gjbkwjv p{vceig }ck jaeè}u hd }ck }kjb fhiv}ji}ù jim }cev cjvqkv{`}km ei vhbk ksfk``ki} }kjb pkqdhqbjifkv) ]ck vz{jm

wjv j`vh ja`k }h akikde} }cev ukjq au {veig }ck djfeè}ekv j}è`èkvcjw jv pjq} hd }ck }kjb―v Wkmikvmju vfckm{`k wcefcck`pkm p{vc hi }ck jv}qh vle``v }h fhbpk}k }cev vkjvhi)

K``kvbkqk 4 t Leigv Fckv}kq ? Vjqjc Cjuikv =Jae Bkqqe``Kbbj Nhcivhi

]ck hpkieig bj}fc hd }ck vkjvhi―v fj`kimjq vjw }ckjppkjqjifk hd Leig―v }h K``kvbkqk ei wcj} ev j`wjuv j tkqufhbpk}e}etk bj}fc) ]ck }kjb wjv tkqu ikqth{v akdhqk }ckdeqv} gjbk hd }ck vkjvhi jim dhq bjiu e} wjv }ckeq deqv}fcjifk hd qkpqkvki}eig K``kvbkqk j} :v} }kjb ktk`)

]ck ikqtkv z{eflù mevjppkjqkm jv }ck }kjb }hhl kjqùfhi}qh` hd }ck gjbk jim wkqk jckjm we}cei }ck deqv} dkw

bei{}kv }cjilv }h j gqkj} vwkkpeig ghj` dqhb Vjqjc Cjuikvjd}kq vhbk gqkj} èil {p p`ju we}c Kbbj Nhcivhi)

]ck qkv} hd }ck gjbk fhi}ei{km ei b{fc }ck vjbk djvcehi jvK``kvbkqk mem ih} j``hw }ck Leigv }kjb }h gk} vk}}`km jim }ck:v} S: }hhl }ckqk fcjifkv jv jim wcki }cku fjbk) 6 bhqkghj`v fjbk dqhb Vjqjc Cjuikv we}c Kbbj Nhcivhi jim JaeBkqqe`` jmmeig }h }ck }j`ù) J gqkj} }kjb pkqdhqbjifk jim jih{}v}jimeig v}jq} }h }ck vkjvhi) Vpkfej` bki}ehi b{v} gh }hGkhqgek Jmjbv wch, p`jueig h{} hd ckq ihqbj` phve}ehi wjveiv}q{bki}j` ei }ck }kjb lkkpeig j f`kji vckk} we}c vhbkgqkj} mkdkivetk whql)

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Wk`vcphh` ; t K``kvbkqk ? J ikw des}{qk dhq }ck vkjvhi―v fj`jimkq vjw K``kvbkqk teve}Wk`vcphh`, `jv} ukjq―v Wk`vc {imkq :3 fcjbpehiv)

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Jaah}v Aqhb`ku ? t K``kvbkqk :Vjqjc Cjuikv

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K``kvbkqk : t Hvwkv}qu ? Vjqjc Cjuikv

]ck {v{j` #`hfj` Mkqau% fjbk jqh{im au wk`fhbeig }ckjqqetj` hd Hvwkv}qu }h }ck gqjvv dhq}qkvv }cj} ev K``kvbkqk) Jz{efl }kbph }h }ck gjbk kbkqgkm jim vktkqj` kjqù fcjifkvwkqk ih} p{} jwju au K``kvbkqk)Hvwkv}u vfhqkm dqhbj vk} pekfk a{} }ck vkfhim hddefej` htkq"q{`km e} m{k }h }ck ce} akeig h{}vemk hd }ck M)]ck deqv} cj`d pk}}kqkm h{} jim }ck }kjb wkqk }h`m }cj} }ckucjm }h bjlk }ck bhv} hd }ckeq fcjifkv)

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74




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Akmv}hik ? t K``kvbkqk 1

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77




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36




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34




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33




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35




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Jaegje` Bkqqe`` qkfketkm _`jukq hd }ck Vkjvhi

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Cj`d Fh`h{qv wkqk jwjqmkm }h>

Lj}ek Aqkqk}hi, Vjqjc Cjuikv, Kbbj Nhcivhi,

Bh`ù Meigwj``, Ij}jèk Dhqgqjtk jim ]jvc Ktjiv)

C@G

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Vz{jm>Vjqjc"Njik Kmwjqmv # Fjp}jei %, Fc`hk Be}fck``, Vjqjc @hwk,Iei Fhhpkq, ]kvv Djwfk}}, Vhpcek ]chbjv, Gqjfk Lkimj``,@j{qj Akqichdkq, V}kpc _kqqei, V}kpc _`j}}, Jvc`ku Wce}}`k

VH

1im Ik}aj``

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Qkv{`}v

t V}jddhqm Gqjbbjq Vfchh` whi :1"4

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t Hvwkv}qu Vfchh` whi 1?"4

t Qumj` _kiqchv whi 6;";

t Vcqkwva{qu Cegc Vfchh` `hv} :=":4

[imkq :; Ik}aj``

]ck }kjb cjm j mevjpphei}eig qkv{`} jgjeiv} Meijv Aqji#:4"11%, we}c }ck vfhqk ih} qkd`kf}eig }ckeq kddhq}v jimpkqdhqbjifk) We}cei }ck deij` z{jq}kq }ck geq`v `hv} }ckeq fhbphv{qk, `kjmeig }h ajvef kqqhqv jim j `hvv) Chwktkq, }ck`hvv jgjeiv} Vcqkwva{qu Cegc Vfchh` wjv tkqu f`hvk jimksfe}eig, jv K``kvbkqk }hhl }ck `kjm kjqù a{} j``hwkm }ckhpphve}ehi }h kz{jèvk kjfc }ebk) Ajvef pjvveig kqqhqv we}ceiK``kvbkqk―v gjbk ei }ck deij` z{jq}kq j``hwkm Vcqkwva{qu }hgjei }ck {ppkq cjim ei }ck d eij` bei{}kv)

Iktkq}ck`kvv }ck geq`v jfcektkm ghhm qkv{`}v, jim wkqk tkqu{i`{flu ih} }h jffhbpèvc ji {iakj}ki vkjvhi)

Kbeù Weflv #Fjp}jei%, Fcjq`h}}k @kwev,Vhpcek Gqkkivbe}c, Ch`ù @etkqvjgk, ]jiej Qkiikq,

Fc`hk Beivcjw, ^hk Cjuikv, Je`vj Njfl`jim, Akflu Aqe}}hi

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54




Qkv{`}v

t V}jddhqm Gqjbbjq Vfchh` whi :6"3

t Meijv Aqji whi :4"6

t Hvwkv}qu Vfchh` whi :4";

t Vcqkwva{qu Cegc Vfchh` `hv} :?":;

t Qumj` _kiqchv whi :5":;Ihq}c Vcqhpvceqk ]h{qijbki} ‖ weiikqv

]ck [:=v cjm ji ksfk``ki} vkjvhi,

weiieig j`` bj}fckv a{} hik, jim

akfhbeig Ihq }c Vcqhpvc e qk

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we}c mjigkqh{v jmtjifk ei j}}jfl

jim z{efl ei}kqfkp}ehiv ei mkdkifk)

]ck vkjvhi v}jq}km we}c V}jddhqm

Gqjbbjq Vfchh`) Cjteig vktkqj`vle``v ikkmeig mktk`hpbki}, }ck }kjb

v}e`` ha}jeikm j fhbdhq}ja`k tef}hqu

weiieig :6"3)

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v{pkqa vchh}eig au @{fu Dhqgqjtkjim ^hk Ktjiv, kiv{qkm }ck ve~kja`k

tef}hqu ei }ck iks} }wh bj}fckv) ]ck}kjb akj} Meijv Aqji :4"6 jim

Hvwkv}qu Vfchh` :4";< chwktkq, we}c

f`hvkq bjqleig, }ck `kjm fh{`m cjtk

akki ks}kimkm d{q}ckq ei ah}c

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}kjb jim bevvkm vktkqj` vfhqeig

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vfhqk mkdefe}, a{} wkqk {i`{flu }h

kz{jèvk we}cei }ck qkbjeieig }ebk,jim `hv} :?":;)

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tkqu ja`k Vcqkwva{qu Cegc Vfchh`

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jim `hv} :?":;)

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deij` bei{}kv jppqhjfckm, Fjp}jei

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]ck }kjb deievckm }ckeq vkjvhi au

weiieig }ck Ihq}c Vcqhpvceqk

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J_

[:= Vkjvhi V{bbjqu

57




Chflku Fcjbpehiv

Dh``hweig }ck geq`―v {imkdkj}km Chflku vkjvhi, }cku

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cegc whql "qj}k }cqh{gch{} j`` bj}fckv) ]cku j``hwkm

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mhbeij}k }ck p`ju }cqh{gch{} }ck fki}qk hd }ck pe}fc)

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J_

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ei ji ksfe}eig Deij` jim j gqkj} wei dhq K``kvbkqk)

J_

53




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N{ù 1im A`hscjb ‖ p`jukm jv 1?"htkq bj}fc

Vkk èbe}km htkqv qkv{`}v

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55




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p`jfk hi }ck `jv} Dqemju hd }kqb, vchq}ù jd}kq }ck }kjb

cjm qk}{qikm kjqù dqhb j qjei"q{eikm dkv}etj` j}

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::1




Bkuik`` Wjlkbji"@jbajq} ]jàh} Whhmjqm

]h}j` N{iehq Vfhqk :3; 1:3 :3: :;5

]h}j` N{iehq _hve}ehi 1 : 6 =

]h}j` Ei}kq Vfhqk :4; 1=: 1:? :41

]h}j` Ei}kq _hve}ehi 6 : 1 =

]h}j` Vkiehq Vfhqk 1:: :45 :37 1:4

]h}j` Vkiehq _hve}ehi 1 = 6 :

Bkuik`` Wjlkbji"@jbajq} ]jàh} Whhmjqm

Htkqj`` Vfhqk ;4: 413 ;73 ;67

Deij` _hve}ehi 6 : 1 =

B Wh W"@ ]

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Qkp`ju p}v = : 6 1

]h}j` 4 7 :: 4

_hve}ehi 12 = : 12

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]h}j` :? ; :? ;

_hve}ehi :2 =2 :2 =2

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_hei}v 1= :4 13 11

_hve}ehiv 1 = : 6

Ch{vk Fqhvv Fh{i}quHi j akj{}ed{` fqevp wei}kq jd}kqihhi :1? v}{mki}v }hhl pjq}

ei }ck Jii{j` Ch{vk Fqhvv Fh{i}qu ktki}) ]cev ukjq―v qk`ju

qjfk wjv bjmk j`` }cj} bhqk ksfe}eig au }ck ki}qu hd j v}qhig

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::4




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a{} }ebk wjv q{iieig h{}) ]ck chbk }kjb wjvihw `hhleig qjggkm jim e} `hhlkm èlk wk cjmkjqikm j leflja`k pkij`}u a{} }ck _jflwhhmdhqwjqmv wkqk getki }ck akikde} hd }ck mh{a})

Aeqlkickjm jqk j mkfki} vemk a{} }ck gjbkwjv j mh{q jddjeq) Wk wkqk wk``"akj}ki jimqjqkù v}q{ig jiu}ceig }hgk}ckq we}ch{} }ckwcev}`k akki a`hwi)

J }qep jwju }h _qkv}dk`mk pqhtemkm j qkj` ije`"ae}kq we}c

vhbk ksfk``ki} d`hweig q{gau akeig p`jukm au ah}c vemkv)

]ck chbk vemk `km }wefk jim `hhlkm jv ed }cku wkqk gheig

}h kjqi j wei }cjilv }h vhbk ckqhef }jflèig au }ckeq d{``

ajfl) Ei }ck deij` bei{}k vhbk ghhm cjimv deij`ù hpkikm

{p }ckeq mkdkifk jim wk wki} htkq ei }ck fhqikq) ]cev`ktk``km }ck vfhqkv) [p v}kppkm dù cj`d F`{}}hi }h fhitkq}

dqhb }ck }h{fcèik }h wei }ck gjbk :1":?)

Qcuv We`èjbv j ghhm pqhvpkf} dhq iks} ukjq)

C{gc F`{}}hi lefleig hdd j} }ckK``kvbkqk Vktkiv ]h{qijbki}

]cev vkjvhi wjv j`wjuv gheig }h ak meddef{`}) ]ck bjnhqe}u hd h{q des}{qkv wkqk jwju jim wk hpkikm we}c }ck hiù }kjb wkcjm `hv} }h `jv} ukjq, Vjimajfc) ]ck gjbk wjv au ih wju jf`jvvef jim tkqu è}}`k q{gau wjv p`jukm) Ei }ck kim }ckeq ve~kjim vpkkm bjmk }ck meddkqkifk) J wkkl hd cjqm }qjeieig vjwj bhqk v}q{f}{qkm }kjb }qjtk` }h Akmv}hik) Fjp}jei NjflAjs}kq `kjm au ksjbp`k jim thfj`ù lkp} cev }kjb dhf{vvkmdhq }ck wch`k gjbk)

Njfl Ajs}kq Fjp}jei$ Vfq{b Cj`d

:1:




]ck ajqk qkv{`}v v{ggkv} j mevjpphei}eig

vkjvhi we}c }ck ahuv fhi}ei{j`ù

v}q{ggèig jgjeiv} }ck hmmv, wcki ei djf}

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hpphiki}v jim, hi hffjvehi, J }kjb

hpphve}ehi)

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tkqu ghhm vemk, chwktkq }ck vfhqk"èik

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cj`d) Fhidemkifk wjv ihw qj}ckq `hw jim

ei bjiu wjuv }cev fhv} {v ei }ck iks} dkw

gjbkv, jv hi kjfc hffjvehi wk v}jq}km

phhqù jim hiù gh} ei}h }ck gjbk wcki e}

wjv }hh `j}k) ]c{v wk `hv} }h Mkiv}hik,_jflwhhm jim Aeqlkickjm ei bj}fckv

wk fh{`m cjtk whi)

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p`ju }ckeq Jv, ji jd}kqihhi }cj} }ck }kjb jim }ckeq fhjfc

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MNB

Qkv{`}v

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:? 1 ? 3 :=? 113

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[imkq :=v fhjfc

Bq) F) Fjwf{}}

:11




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]ckeq deqv} bj}fc wjv jgjeiv} V}jddhqm Gqjbbjq Vfchh` ei kjqùHf}hakq) K``kvbkqk bjmk j }kqqea`k v}jq} jv }jfl`kv wki} jv}qjujim }ck hpphve}ehi qji ei dh{q }qekv ei }ck deqv} cj`d, }ck deqv}fh{q}kvu hd j v{vpefeh{vù dhqwjqm pjvv) Jv K``kvbkqkqkmevfhtkqkm }ckeq mkdkivetk vle``v, }ck V}jddhqm fcjqgk wjvv`hwkm vhbkwcj}< eimkkm, }ck K``kvbkqk }kjb wkqk ja`k }hqk}jei }ck aj`` bhqk jim wkqk qkwjqmkm we}c j }qu dqhb Fhihq Fjqqeig}hi"Vulkv, fhitkq}km au Fjp}jei Njfl Aqkwe}}) ]ck deij`jf}ehi hd }ck gjbk vjw K``kvbkqk mkdkimeig mkkp ei }ckeq hwi

11 dhq :? bei{}kv {i}e` deij`ù htkqfhbk dhq j deij` }qu)Deij` vfhqk> K``kvbkqk 7 V}jddhqm Gqjbbjq =;

_`jukm Whi Mqjwi @hv} Dhq Jgjeiv}: : ? ? 65 ?

_jflwhhm Whi 65"?

E} wjv gqkj} }cj} }ck _jflwhhm des}{qk pqhtemkm }ck hpphq}{ie}udhq vh bjiu hd }ck ahuv wch wji}km }h qkpqkvki} }ck vfchh`,a{} cjmi―} cjm }ck fcjifk, }h gh jim p`ju) [`}ebj}kù j`` }chvkjd}kqihhi gjbkv vkvvehiv pqhtkm whq}cwce`k jv wk qji h{}fhbdhq}ja`k weiikqv " ji {iakj}ki vkjvhi* Wk`` p`jukm)

_JG

]ck }jflèig wjv b{fc ak}}kq ei }ck vkfhim gjbkjgjeiv} Aevchp Tkvku―v Gqjbbjq Vfchh`< mkvpe}k }ckhpphve}ehi―v fhivemkqja`k pcuvefj` jmtji}jgk, }ckK``kvbkqk p`jukqv v}{fl }h }ck }jvl) E} wjv hiù wcki}ck mkdkifk wjv mqjwi ei}h }ck bemm`k hd }ck dek`m}cj} }ck Aevchp Tkvku―v }kjb wkqk ja`k }h h{}d`jil}ckb jim vfhqk mhwi }ck weig) ]cqkk bhqk }qekvwkqk vfhqkm ei }ck deqv} cj`d jv }ck teve}hqv― ks}qjv}qkig}c vchwkm e}vk`d) Ei }ck vkfhim cj`d }ck

K``kvbkqk mkdkifk ck`m {p djq ak}}kq, jim wk wkqkja`k }h `j{ifc v}qhig q{iv }cqh{gc Njlk Fhqqek jim]hb C{i}kq"Nhciv}hi) Bhqk v{pphq} wh{`m cjtkj``hwkm }ckb }h fqkj}k pqkvv{qk hi }ck hpphve}ehi)Deij` vfhqk> K``kvbkqk ? Aevchp Tkvku –v 1;

]ck vh`k jwju gjbk wjv j} Mkiv}hik, jgjeiv} }ckeq :6A }kjb) Au }cev }ebk }ck }kjb wjv p`jueig bhqkfhckvetkù jim wk qkfuf`km }ck aj`` b{fc ak}}kq) J}jflèig kqqhq j``hwkm j chbk }qu, a{} K``kvbkqk v}q{flajfl vchq}ù jd}kq we}c j Fhqqek }qu) K``kvbkqk wkqk}cki g{e`}u hd qk`jseig }hh b{fc jd}kq gk}}eig hi}hkz{j` }kqbv, jv }ck hpphve}ehi qji ei :6 phei}v ei }ckiks} :? bei{}kv< 6 dqhb j tkqu ghhm mqhp ghj` a{} }ckh}ckq :? dqhb }qekv wcefc fh{`m cjtk akki jthemkm

we}c ak}}kq }jflèig) Ei }ck vkfhim cj`d K``kvbkqkmkiekm Mkiv}hik jiu d{q}ckq phei}v, jim }cev mkvpe}k h{q akeig j bji vchq} wcki V}{jq} BfE`qje}c wjv }jlki hdd }hVefl Aju) K``kvbkqk qji ei j vkfhim }qu }cqh{gc ]hbC{i}kq"Nhciv}hi―v 4?b q{i, jim wkqk mkiekm j ghhmvfhqeig fcjifk `j}k ei }ck gjbk wcki }cku wkqk ih}j``hwkm }h p`ju ji jmtji}jgk dqhb j Mkiv}hik lihfl"hi)Deij` vfhqk> K``kvbkqk :? Mkiv}hik :3

]ck deij` gjbk hd }ck vkjvhi wjv j }h}j` bevbj}fcjgjeiv} Qhvvj``, wckqk j fhivemkqjaù v}qhigkq jim{gèkq }kjb p{} K``kvbkqk }h }ck vwhqm) ]h }ckeq fqkme},}ck K``kvbkqk p`jukqv wkqk v}e`` q{iieig cjqm j} }ck kimhd }ck gjbk jim ihahmu―v ckjm wjv j``hwkm }h mqhp dhq `hig) ]cku wh{`m cjtk mkvkqtkm vhbk phei}v dhq }ckeq kddhq}v, a{} vjmù èdk evi―} j`wjuv èlk }cj})

Mkvpe}k }ck qkv{`}v, `h}v hd ahuv wkqk p`jueig q{gau dhq }ck deqv} }ebk jim gkikqj`ù j ghhm }ebk wjv cjm au j``)

Bhv} hd }ckvk p`jukqv vch{`m kspkf} }h p`ju q{gauiks} ukjq)

Qkv{`}v hd }ck Ch{vk Q{gau –J― ]kjb

–A― ]kjb

_ W @ M _]V D _]V J AHI[V ]H]J

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_ W @ M _]V D _]V J AH"I[V ]H"

]J@ Aqhwi`hw 1 1 ? ? 64 :1 ? 4 Cku"whhm 1 : : ? :1 14 ? 6 _ce`èpv 1 ? 1 ? 7 15 1 1

]cjil uh{ }h j`` wch wkqk eith`tkm) E} wjv ji ksfk``ki}fhbpk}e}ehi j} ah}c v}jimjqmv, we}c vhbk gqkj} p`ju jimeifemki}v) ]ck Ves}c Dhqb ahuv wkqk v{pkqa ei ck`peig jv}kjb bjijgkqv dhq }ck mju)

E@W

[imkq :6F vz{jm>

Vkvju, Kj}hi, Bð``kq, Aqh}ckq}hi, BfE`qje}c, Fhqqek,Bjei, Njflvhi, Fh`k, Iuvv, Vjbaqhhl"Nhikv,

C{i}kq"Nhciv}hi, Ckmgkv, Ak`fckq, _jqqu"Nhikv,@kwev,

Bhqqev, Mjtekv, A{}}, Fjqqeig}hi"Vulkv, Aqkwe}},@jig}hi, Be``ji Jfhv}j)

MWF

:16




Ahuv― Dhh}aj``

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vhbk p`kjveig pkqdhqbjifkv dqhb ah}c J jim A }kjbv) ]ck

vz{jm ki}kqkm }ck Fh``kgk }h{qijbki} ei ghhm vcjpk,ki}kqeig ah}c ji J }kjb jim j A }kjb) ]ck A }kjb, wce`k

ih} weiieig jiu gjbkv, p`jukm we}c b{fc fqkme} jim

kimkjth{q jgjeiv} h}ckq vfchh`v― J }kjbv bjleig e} tkqu

meddef{`} dhq }ck hpphve}ehi }h vfhqk)

]ck J }kjb pqhgqkvvkm }cqh{gc }ck gqh{p v}jgkv ei}h }ck

vkbe"deij` wckqk }ck uh{ig }kjb deij`ù qji h{} hd v}kjb,

`hveig hi pkij`}ekv ei j tkqu ksfe}eig gjbk) _jq}ef{`jq fqkme}

b{v} gh }h Vjb Dkjqi, wch, m{k }h djbeù qk`hfj}ehi, ev

`kjteig }ck vfchh`) Ck fhi}qh``km }ck fki}qk hd bemdek`m we}c

j gqkj} mkj` hd mk}kqbeij}ehi) ]ckqk wkqk h}ckq ih}ja`k

fhi}qea{}ehiv, eif`{meig Fjqbki Kmwjqmv, Ehji _jqqu"Nhikv

jim We`èjb Mhkqq)

GH

:1;




:14




[imkq ::A Qkv{`}vHpphve}ehi Qkv{`} Vfhqk _`jukq hd Bj}fc

t ]ck Deqv @hv} 1 6 Vjqj Njflvhi

t Bhqk}hi @hv} = 6

t ]ck Deqv Whi 1 : Bkgji _kqleiv

t Bhqk}hi @hv} ; 6

[imkq ::J Qkv{`}vHpphve}ehi Qkv{`} Vfhqk _`jukq hd Bj}fc

t ]ck Deqv @hv} = ? K`èk Cj`v}kjm

t Bhqk}hi @hv} = 1

t ]ck Deqv Whi 1 : Nkiiu _kgg

t Bhqk}hi Whi :: 1 Kbbj Gqkte``k

_qkv}dk`mk ]h{qijbki}

Deievckm 6qm ei Gqh{p, ;}c Htkqj``

K``kvbkqk ]h{qijbki} Deievckm 6qm

ei Gqh{p]ck [:: ]kjb kinhukm j `h} bhqk bj}fckv }cev }kqb jim e}fkq}jeiù pjem hdd j} }ck kim hd }ck }kqb) Jgjei, }cku kinhukm}ck kspkqekifk hd }ck _qkv}dk`mk jim K``kvbkqk ]h{qijbki}vjv }ckvk }h{qijbki}v jqk }qjme}ehij`ù p`jukm j} j cegcv}jimjqm) Ei }ck _qkv}dk`mk ]h{qijbki} wk deievckm ; }c h{} hd :6 pqkp vfchh`v)

Ah}c }ck [:: J jim A }kjbv ebpqhtkm htkq }ck }kqb jim j``geq`v ei Ukjqv =, ; jim 4 qkpqkvki}km }ck vfchh` j} vhbkv}jgk ei }ck }kqb) ]ck cegcègc} hd }ck }kqb wjv }ck wei htkq Bhqk}hi Cj`` :: " 1 wcki wk cjm `hv} }h }ckb j} }ck v}jq} hd }ck }kqb = " 1) Wk`` mhik Geq`v*

C@G

:13




E} wjv ktemki} }cj} }ck [:6 vz{jm hd p`jukqvwkqk tkqu ki}c{vejv}ef jah{} }ckeq fqeflk}) ]ckuj`wjuv jqqetkm j} fhjfceig vkvvehiv kjqù jimwh{`m v}ju `j}k ed }ebk j``hwkm) J`vh, }ck bjnhqe}uhd }ck vz{jm j}}kimkm ks}qj fhjfceig vkvvehiv

jim p`jukm dhq `hfj` f`{av) ]ck ajvefv hd }kfciez{k jim gjbk }jf}efv wkqk qkeidhqfkm tkquz{eflù ei }ck kjqù pjq} hd }ck vkjvhi wcki }ckwkj}ckq wjv pjq}ef{`jqù leim) ]ck }kjb z{eflùebpqhtkm ei j`` jvpkf}v hd }ck gjbk, jimmktk`hpkm dqhb akeig eie}ej`ù ijètk ei }ck gjbkve}{j}ehi }h akfhbk tkqu fhbpk}e}etk ei j``bj}fckv, ih bj}}kq wcj} }ck v}jimjqm hd }ckhpphve}ehi)

Jv j qkv{`}, }ck }kjb wjv {iakj}ki ei }ckVcqhpvceqk @kjg{k jim jfcektkm vhbk ghhmqkv{`}v jgjeiv} vfchh`v dqhb d{q}ckq jdek`m) ]ck}kjb wjv `km au }ck bhqk kspkqekifkm Ukjq 3p`jukqv eif`{meig Bj}}ckw Bjfei}hvc jvFjp}jei, Nhk` Bjmmhfl"Njbkv, Akikmef} Hjl`ku,

Dqj~kq Mejbhim jim Njfl Ajs}kq jv weflk}lkkpkq) J`` hd }ckvk p`jukqv pqhm{fkm vhbk deikpkqdhqbjifkv }cqh{gch{} }ck vkjvhi) ]ck vz{jmeif`{mkm j bes hd ah}c Ukjq 3 jim Ukjq 7

p`jukqv, jim htkq 1? p`jukqv p`jukm dhq }ck }kjb) J`` hd }ck Ukjq 7 p`jukqv bj}{qkm fhivemkqjaù, pjq}ef{`jqù Vjb Hwki jimJ`ks Kj}hi, wch ah}c pqhm{fkm vhbk deik ahwèig vpk``v) ]cev fji hiù ak pqhbeveig dhq iks} ukjq)

E wh{`m èlk }h }jlk }cev hpphq}{ie}u }h vju }cj} }ck vz{jm wjv j mkègc} }h fhjfc jim E }chqh{gcù kinhukm }ck vkjvhi)

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the ellesmerian 2007 - december

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