the end of the chinese empire and the fall of the qing dynasty republic of china qing dynasty of...
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The End of the Chinese Empireand the fall of the Qing Dynasty
Republic of China
Qing Dynastyof China
RECAP: Western Imperialism in China
• China loses the Opium Wars to Britain badly (1860)• China is humiliated in wars and in the final
peace treaties, they loose land and honor• The Chinese people vent their anger at
foreigners who they can’t beat but now also towards the emperor in the capital city of Beijing
“The Mandate of Heaven”
• Lived in the “Forbidden City” in Beijing
The Mandate of Heaven is based on four principles:• 1. The right to rule is granted by heaven. • 2. There is only one heaven therefore there can
be only one ruler. • 3.The right to rule is based on the virtue of the
ruler. • 4. The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty.
Empress Ci-Xi of Chinaruled (1861-1908)
Cíxǐ TàihòuIn Chinese
Known as the Dowager EmpressDowager = endowed,widower
Very conservative
Emperor Guangxu ruled (1875 to 1908)
• The rightful ruler of China but Empress Cixi launched a coup in 1898 and took his place He was only in power 33 years.
Beijing Palace 2011
Xuantong Emperor ruled (1908-1 912)
• His name was Puyi• He was the “Last Emperor” of China• His fall ended the monarchy• 221 BC was the first emperor of China! – the Qin dynastyThe name for China is thoughtto come from “Qin”.
That means China had emperors over 2000 years!
Internal Problems increase in China(1800-1900)
•Population boom, but food production doesn’t increase•Widespread hunger•Bad flooding on the Yellow River•Government corruption•Opium addiction steadily increased
Open Door Policy
• U.S. fears being left out of China.• China is a huge Market.• U.S. declares an Open Door Policy in 1898.• Any Nation may trade anywhere in
China.• This Prevented China from being divided
into colonies like most countries in… Africa and many in Southeast Asia.
Boxer Rebellion- Year 1900Chinese Nationalism grows…
Why? A campaign against Empress’ rule and foreigner’s special privileges and western culture
Named Secret Society of Harmonious Fists /The Boxers
Boxer Rebellion (in 1900)
•Chinese cry “Death to the Foreign Devils”•The boxers siege of Beijing•Empress Cixi verbally supports, but gives no military help•August, 1900: multinational force of 20,000 Western troops quickly defeats the Boxers•Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States all send troops- 8 NATION ALLIANCE•Rebellion was crushed and China was forced to pay reparations
8 Nations Alliance
The 8 Nations were: Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Answer: Britain, France, Russia, Netherlands (Dutch), Japan
What 5 countries attacked China from 1800-1910?
The Republic of China is born• Dr. Sun Yat Sen leads China’s people to overthrowthe Qing dynasty in Beijing in the Xinhai Revolution in 1911
• The Republic of China is declared in on January 1st, 1912• Dr. Sun serves as the first President of the Republic of
China
Three Principles of the People• Nationalism -Westerners out! China is run by the
Chinese for the Chinese• Democracy – China is run by it’s people, free elections• Social Welfare- Economic stability for all, Socialism
The Meaning of the new Flag –The Meaning of the new Flag –
Five horizontal stripesFive horizontal stripes
Han People Han People
Manchu PeopleManchu People
Mongol PeopleMongol People
Uyghur PeopleUyghur People
Tibetan PeopleTibetan People
Flag of ChinaFrom 1912-28
The Republic of China is founded in 1912