the end of the ww1
TRANSCRIPT
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The End of WWIAnd its lasting effects on Canada and the World
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Revolution in Russia!- Russia was led by Tsar Nicholas II (Tsar
– monarch)- He led Russia into a war that it was
losing quickly
- March Revolution 1917: Nicholas abdicates and a Provisional Government takes over- But they continue the war…
- October Revolution 1917: Provisional Government is overthrown by the Bolsheviks (Communists), led by Vladimir Lenin- Lenin’s goal: stop the war with
Germany ASAP= Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- Russia loses areas of land (all of Poland, the Ukraine, and some Baltic lands)
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The Home Front: Conscription
- Conscription: mandatory military service for all able men between the ages of 18-35
- Military Service Bill 1917- Conscientious objectors –
people appealing on religious grounds- Social ostracism (looked
down on, shunned)
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- Conscription “Crisis”: French Canadiens not happy about conscription- No connection/loyalty to France
or Britain- Officer in Command of
Recruiting was Protestant- No language rights- Riots in various cities in
Quebec- Henri Bourassa
- Borden calls an election and wins by a slim margin
***English-French relations in Canada are severely strained***
Henri Bourassa
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The Home Front: WomenWomen were legally and socially inferior to Men-Property rights, marriage rights-Access to education and a job/career outside the homeWomen were vital to the war effort: -From mothers to munitions workers
- Campaigning and raising money for the war effort
- Knitting socks & scarves, making supplies for the men fightingSuffragettes: groups of women who campaigned for suffrage (right to vote)
Wartime Elections Act: Vote is given to wives, sisters, mothers of men fighting in Europe- Expanded to most women by 1921
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Armistice signed 11:11 AM, November 11th, 1918
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Paris Peace Conferences
Georges Clemenceau PM of France
David Lloyd George PM of Great Britain
Woodrow WilsonPresident of USA
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Wilson (Idealist): “Fourteen Points”Significant points:
-International Organization is needed (League of Nations, precursor to United Nations)-Ban the alliance system-Self-Determination: ethnic groups can vote on how they want to be governed
- ethnic nationalism-Austria-Hungary should be split apart (auf wiedersehen!) -Russian lands restored (except Poland, which becomes its own country)-Alsace-Lorraine (border region) returned to France
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Clemenceau (Realist): Revenge, s'il vous plaît
- The only allied nation to share a border with Germany
- Heaviest casualties of the Allied Powers
- Position: weaken Germany as much as possible
- Wanted to dismantle Germany into multiple smaller states
- Wanted crippling reparations payments
Modern day Verdun, France
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Lloyd George: In the Middle- Also wanted reparations- Did not want to break up Germany- Thought French demands were harsh, greedy, vindictive…
- Interested in Germany as a future trading partner
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Treaty of Versailles- War Guilt Clause: The war was officially Germany’s fault
(brought much shame to Germans)
- German military is severely disabled- No air force allowed- Navy is scuttled- Entire merchant fleet is given to allies- Army is capped at 100,000
- Land changes: Alsace-Lorraine, Polish Corridor (Danzig); Rhineland (west) is de-militarized
- Massive Reparations ($132 billion marks)- Creation of League of Nations- Self-Determination?
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Oh, Canada- WWI brought Canada to the world stage
- We were given our own seat at the Paris Peace Conferences (!)- Our military contributions were given the highest respect- Led to our development as an autonomous nation
- Changed the lives of men: ~250,000 casualties- Changed the lives of women:
- Gradual increase in social standing- Gained the vote
- Anglo-French cultural-political divide