The End of World War IIThe End of World War II

The War Comes to an End:The War Comes to an End: Allies Invade FRANCEAllies Invade FRANCE

TURNING POINTTURNING POINT 1943 Allies build 1943 Allies build

forces in Gr. Britainforces in Gr. Britain May 1944- 3.5 mil May 1944- 3.5 mil

Allied troops readyAllied troops ready Eisenhower, Eisenhower,

commander of Allied commander of Allied Forces in Europe, plan Forces in Europe, plan strike at Normandy, strike at Normandy, Coast of FranceCoast of France

Ger. knew attack was Ger. knew attack was comingcoming

Allies Invade France: Operation OverlordAllies Invade France: Operation Overlord Allies set up decoy force Allies set up decoy force

w/headquarters, etc.w/headquarters, etc. Code name: Operation Code name: Operation

Overlord June 6, 1944, Overlord June 6, 1944, D-DayD-Day

Germany was well Germany was well fortified: concrete walls fortified: concrete walls 3ft thick3ft thick

In 1 month, 1mil troops In 1 month, 1mil troops landed; high casualtieslanded; high casualties

By Aug.25 Allies are in By Aug.25 Allies are in ParisParis

By Sept.freed France, By Sept.freed France, Bel.,Lux.,&Neth.Bel.,Lux.,&Neth.

The Battle of the BulgeThe Battle of the Bulge Last German OffensiveLast German Offensive The Allies move in The Allies move in

from the Westfrom the West SU. Moves in from the SU. Moves in from the

EastEast Ger. Counter attacks Ger. Counter attacks

in the westin the west Dec. 16,1944: Ger. Dec. 16,1944: Ger.

Breaks through Breaks through American defensesAmerican defenses

Allies push Ger. Back Allies push Ger. Back and they retreatand they retreat

YaltaYaltaFebruary 1945February 1945

Roosevelt, Roosevelt, Churchill, StalinChurchill, Stalin

Discussed issues Discussed issues affecting the affecting the postwar worldpostwar world

United Nations United Nations proposed to proposed to maintain peacemaintain peace

Agreed to divide Agreed to divide GermanyGermany

Germany’s Unconditional Germany’s Unconditional SurrenderSurrender March 1945-Allies & Soviets close in on Berlin March 1945-Allies & Soviets close in on Berlin FDR died April 12-Truman becomes Pres.FDR died April 12-Truman becomes Pres. Battle for BerlinBattle for Berlin: April-May 1945 Last Battle of : April-May 1945 Last Battle of

WWII in EuropeWWII in Europe April 29- Hitler marries Eva BraunApril 29- Hitler marries Eva Braun Hitler writes final address to the Ger. People: blames Hitler writes final address to the Ger. People: blames

the Jews for starting the war and his generals for the Jews for starting the war and his generals for losing it.losing it.

April 30-Hitler & Eva kill themselvesApril 30-Hitler & Eva kill themselves Soviets raise red flag over BerlinSoviets raise red flag over Berlin May 8-Germany Surrendered VE DayMay 8-Germany Surrendered VE Day

Victory in EuropeVictory in Europe

The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project

The American Program to The American Program to develop the Atomic Bombdevelop the Atomic Bomb

Einstein warned FDR that Einstein warned FDR that Germany was working on a Germany was working on a bombbomb

Truman does not know Truman does not know about the top secret about the top secret project until he’s in officeproject until he’s in office

Military advisors urge him Military advisors urge him to use the bomb to avoid to use the bomb to avoid mil. of Am. Casualties in an mil. of Am. Casualties in an invasion of Japan properinvasion of Japan proper

IN THE PACIFIC: Battle of Okinawa,IN THE PACIFIC: Battle of Okinawa,Operation IcebergOperation Iceberg One of the last battles of One of the last battles of

WWII: April-June 1945WWII: April-June 1945 Considered a strategic Considered a strategic

point to launch land point to launch land invasion of Japaninvasion of Japan

Held many airstrips and Held many airstrips and harborsharbors

U.S and Brit. Forces gain U.S and Brit. Forces gain control of the island control of the island (inspite of 193 kamikaze (inspite of 193 kamikaze attacks)attacks)

High casualtiesHigh casualties

PotsdamPotsdamJuly 1945July 1945

Harry Truman Harry Truman PresidentPresident

Churchill’s Churchill’s conservative party conservative party lost electionlost election

Clement Attlee Clement Attlee Prime MinisterPrime Minister

Issued Japan an Issued Japan an ultimatumultimatum

Tension over the Tension over the future of Europefuture of Europe

Victory over JapanVictory over Japan

Macarthur regained Macarthur regained the Philippines the Philippines

Allied victories in Iwo Allied victories in Iwo Jima and OkinawaJima and Okinawa

Japan mainland Japan mainland bombed at willbombed at will

General Hideki Tojo General Hideki Tojo (Prime Minister)(Prime Minister)

refused to surrenderrefused to surrender

JAPAN SURRENDERS!JAPAN SURRENDERS! Japan is retreating and loses Japan is retreating and loses

big battles to ALLIES (Iwo big battles to ALLIES (Iwo Jima & Okinawa)Jima & Okinawa)

Use Kamikaze pilots: suicide Use Kamikaze pilots: suicide pilots w/bombs in planespilots w/bombs in planes

July 26,1945 Truman warned July 26,1945 Truman warned Japan of “prompt and utter Japan of “prompt and utter destruction” if they don’t destruction” if they don’t surrender at oncesurrender at once

Aug 6 ”Little boy” dropped fr. Aug 6 ”Little boy” dropped fr. The Enola Gay on HiroshimaThe Enola Gay on Hiroshima

Aug 9 bomb dropped on Aug 9 bomb dropped on NagasakiNagasaki

Sept. 2 Japan surrendered V-J Sept. 2 Japan surrendered V-J DayDay

Victory In JapanVictory In Japan

Effects of WWIIEffects of WWII

Soviet Union 22 Soviet Union 22 million deadmillion dead

Germany 8 million Germany 8 million deaddead

Japan 2 million deadJapan 2 million dead USA 300,000 deadUSA 300,000 dead Jews 6 million deadJews 6 million dead Over 55 million deadOver 55 million dead Most destructive war Most destructive war

in historyin history

War Criminal TrialsWar Criminal Trials

Nuremburg, Nuremburg, Germany Germany

Nov. 1945 – Sept. Nov. 1945 – Sept. 19461946

Nazi war criminalsNazi war criminals ““Crimes against Crimes against

humanity”humanity”