the end of wwi the start of peace. key terms and dates ratify treaty armistice a temporary halt in...
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The End of WWIThe End of WWI
The Start of PeaceThe Start of Peace
Key Terms and Dates
Ratify
Treaty
Armistice A temporary halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin
A formal agreement negotiated between countries, like during peace talks
To give formal approval to something, like a peace treaty
End of WWI 11:00 am on 11/11/1918
The ArmisticeThe ArmisticeWhy would Germany decide
to seek an armistice?
1
2
3
German leaders realize their cause is lost.
German army had no reserves.
Allies had fresh supply of troops with America’s entry into the war.
The DivisionsThe DivisionsHow did the Allies differ
in their ideas for the armistice?
United States(Wilson)
Want a harsh armistice.
Wants an armistice based on internationalCooperation (14 Points Peace Plan)
FranceBritain
Why do you think these countries had such contrasting opinions?
The ResultThe ResultWhat were the terms for the armistice?
1
2
3
4
Germany pulls back troops on Western Front.
Germany cancels Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
Germany hands over fleet of U-boats.
German Kaiser gives up the throne.
The ReasonsThe ReasonsWhat were the reasons for the
armistice?1
2
3
4
Germany pulls back troops on Western Front.
De-militarize France’s border
Germany cancels Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Return land to Russia.
Germany hands over fleet of U-boats. Make waters safer from attack.
German Kaiser gives up the throne.Make Germany into a Republic.
Armistice Takes Effect WWI Ends
Armistice Takes Effect WWI Ends
• Who had the most influence in the terms of the armistice?
• Which term did Wilson get, and why would he pursue this term?
• What does this show about Wilson’s original strategy for victory in the war?
Key Facts: Peace Conference
WHAT
WHERE
WHEN
The Big Four: Leaders of 4 major allies
Writing a Peace Treaty
Paris, France (Versailles)
January 1919
Wilson? Other allies?
WHO
WHY
Wilson’s “Fourteen Point” Peace Wilson’s “Fourteen Point” Peace PlanPlan
Points 1-5
Points 6-13
Point 14
GOAL: END FUTURE WARS
Deal with factors that led to the war.
Deal with territorial issues from the war through self-determination
International organization to guarantee world peace.
How did the first 5 points How did the first 5 points deal with factors that lead deal with factors that lead
to the war?to the war?
Eliminate secret international Eliminate secret international agreementsagreements
Freedom of the seasFreedom of the seas Free tradeFree trade Reduce militariesReduce militaries Settle colonial claimsSettle colonial claims
Imperialism Militarism
Nationalism Alliance System
Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
1
2
3
4
Took away territory on Germany’s borders.
Stripped Germany of its colonies.
Germany has to accept full responsibility for the war.
Forces Germany to pay reparations to the Allies
Limits size and nature of German military56 Creates of League of Nations to keep peace
GOAL: PUNISH GERMANY
Treaty of Versailles is SignedPeace Negotiations End
Treaty of Versailles is SignedPeace Negotiations End
• Contrast the goals that Wilson and the other Allies had for the peace treaty. Why would they be so different?
• Compare the way Germany would feel about the 14 Points plan and the Treaty of Versailles.
• Which would be a more effective way to establish peace?
Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast
• Group 1: The views of Wilson and Britain/France over the armistice
• Group 2: The goals of Wilson and the other Allies over the peace treaty
• Group 3: The content and purpose of the armistice and the Treaty of Versailles
• Group 4: The content of Wilson’s 14 Points and the Treaty of Versailles
• Group 5: Wilson’s influence in the armistice and the Treaty of Versailles and his earlier hope
Battle Over the LeagueBattle Over the League
• Senate needs to ratify the treaty
• Controversy: League of Nations
• Wilson’s View: • U.S. destiny to lead the world on a new path
• Lodge’s View: • Would restrict U.S. to act independently in its
own interest.
Think about it: What are the pros and cons of joining theLeague of Nations?
ResultResult
• Wilson • Travels the country• Gives speeches• Had a stroke
• Senate• Rejects the treaty• League is crippled without U.S.
Think about it: How would Wilson feel about contemporary international relations if he were alive today?
Postwar TroublesPostwar Troubles
• Flu: • Worldwide epidemic
• Labor: • High unemployment• Demand higher wages• Strikes
• Communism (“Red Scare”)• Blame for labor unrest• Deport suspected communists (Palmer Raids)
RecallRecall
• What was Lodge’s main argument against the League of Nations?
• How did the Senate vote on the treaty?
• Name 1 problem the country faced after the war.
• Homework: page 730 #7(a), 8(a), 9(a), 9(b), 10(a), 10(b)