the endocrine system glands and hormones. hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood- –may...
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The Endocrine system
Glands and hormones
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• Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood- – May stimulate other
glands– Regulate growth,
development, metabolism, sex processes
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• Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job
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• Major Glands of the Endocrine system
• Pituitary
• Thyroid
• Parathyroid
• Adrenal.
• Pancreas
• Ovaries
• Testes
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Pituitary gland• Master gland of body
• Located in the depression of sphenoid bone
• Produces many hormones that affect other glands– thyroid stimulating hormone– Somatotropin- growth hormone– Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation– ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone– Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in
skin– ADH- antidiuretic hormone
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• Giantism- oversecretion of somatotropin before puberty
• Dwarfism- undersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics
• Diabetes insipidus- decreased ADH
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• Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood.
• Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine
– goiter- not enough iodine
– hyperthyroidism– hypothyroidism
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• Adrenal glands• Located just above
the kidney• Secretes many
hormones• Epinephrine • Norepinephrine• Many steroid
hormones, inc estrogen and androgens.
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• Pancreas- • pancreatic juices into
the intestine• secretes insulin, a
hormone that transports glucose into cells.
• Also secretes glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream
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• Diabetes Mellitus-• Cause- decreased secretion of insulin• Symptoms
– Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections
– Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population– Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes
don’t know it– 225,000 die each year– 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care
spending
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• Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best)
• 1982 - Human Insulin - First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech
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• In May 1960, the FDA approved the sale of a pill that arguably would have a greater impact on Americans than any other drug in the nation's history.
• For women across the country, the contraceptive pill was liberating: it allowed them to pursue careers, fueled the feminist and pro-choice movements and encouraged more open attitudes towards sex.
• Estrogen in pill suppresses FSH in pituitary- ovulation does not occur