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THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium Anaerobic eukaryote chain Pyruvate and O 2 ATP 1. Eukaryotic cell surrounds and engulfs bacterium. 2. Bacterium lives within eukaryote cell. 3. Eukaryote supplies bacterium with reduced carbon compounds. Bacterium supplies eukaryote with ATP. Figure 27.12

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Page 1: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

Reduced carboncompounds + O2

High ATPyield

Electron transport

Reduced carboncompounds

Low ATPyield

Fermentation

Aerobic bacterium

Anaerobic eukaryote

chain

Pyruvateand O2

ATP

1. Eukaryotic cell surroundsand engulfs bacterium.

2. Bacterium lives withineukaryote cell.

3. Eukaryote supplies bacteriumwith reduced carbon compounds.Bacterium supplies eukaryote withATP.

Figure 27.12

Page 2: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

The first animals (metazoans)

• They did not appear until about 600 million years ago

• But they rapidly radiated - the Cambrian explosion

Page 3: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Hallucigenia

Page 4: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Opabinia - Burgess Shale

Page 5: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Opabinia - Burgess Shale

Page 6: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Wiwaxia - Burgess Shale

Page 7: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Wiwaxia - Burgess Shale

Page 8: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Yohoia - Burgess Shale

Page 9: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Marrella - Burgess Shale

Page 10: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Marrella - Burgess Shale

Page 11: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Anomalocaris - Burgess Shale

Page 12: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Choanoflagellata

Page 13: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Porifera - sponges

Page 14: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Collar cell of a sponge

Page 15: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Cnidaria - anemones

Page 16: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Cnidaria - jellyfish

Page 17: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Cnidaria - corals

Page 18: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Ctenophora - comb-jellies

Page 19: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Brachiopoda - lamp shells

Page 20: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Echinodermata

Page 21: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Hemichordata - acorn worms

Page 22: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Chordata - sea squirts, lancelets,

vertebrates

Page 23: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Platyhelminthes - flatworms

Page 24: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Nemertea - ribbon worms

Page 25: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Mollusca

Page 26: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Annelida - segmented worms

Page 27: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Annelida - earthworm

Page 28: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Annelida - polychaetes

Page 29: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Arthropoda - arachnids

Page 30: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Arthropoda - crustaceans

Page 31: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Arthropoda - insects

Page 32: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Arthropoda - centipedes and millipedes (myriapods)

Page 33: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Onychophora - velvet worms

Page 34: THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Reduced carbon compounds + O 2 High ATP yield Electron transport Reduced carbon compounds Low ATP yield Fermentation Aerobic bacterium

Nematoda - roundworms

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