Floyd Galvan, PE

2007 OSIsoft Users Conference

Monterey, CA

The Entergy Phasor System Pushing PI to New Heights

n n Entergy Owns and Operates Entergy Owns and Operates approximately 30,000 MW of approximately 30,000 MW of capacity capacity

n n Entergy delivers electricity to Entergy delivers electricity to approximately 2.6 million utility approximately 2.6 million utility customers across 4 states customers across 4 states

n n Entergy is the second Entergy is the second- -largest largest nuclear operator in the nation, nuclear operator in the nation, operating 12 units operating 12 units

n n Entergy is a Fortune 500 Entergy is a Fortune 500 company with revenues of more company with revenues of more than $10 billion in 2006 than $10 billion in 2006

n n Entergy is the second cleanest Entergy is the second cleanest utility generator among the top utility generator among the top 10 generators and was the first 10 generators and was the first U.S. utility to voluntarily U.S. utility to voluntarily stabilize greenhouse gas stabilize greenhouse gas emissions emissions

The Entergy The Entergy Phasor Phasor System System

Goslin ­ Metro A Voltage Gos lin ­ Metro B Voltage Goslin ­ Metro C Voltage

\\cctapets t005\ENT_GSLN­MTRO:ARBVA

Volts \\cctapets t005\ENT_GSLN­MTRO:ARBVB

Volts \\cctapets t005\ENT_GSLN­MTRO:ARBVC

Volts

Goslin­Metro 138 KV Vol tage Prof ile During June 15, 2005 Storm

6/15/2005 6:54:12 PM 6/15/2005 7:11:27 PM 17.25 minutes

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

40000

160000

52983.879

53522.652

49407.059

It started with It started with… …. .

August 14, 2003

August 14 th 2003 Blackout By­The­Numbers

1 Canadian Province 3 deaths 8 U.S. states 12 airports closed 23 cases of looting in Ottawa 250+ power plants 9,266 square miles 61,800 MW of power lost 1.5 mill Cleveland residents without water 50 million people $4.5­10 billion in economic activity lost

Largest Blackout in US History

“Caused in part by deficiencies by the system that monitors the electric grid, and a lack of awareness of deteriorating conditions by the operators who monitor the system.” Joint DOE & FERC Report to Congress – Feb 2006

North American North American Synchro Synchro- -Phasor Phasor Initiative (NASPI) Initiative (NASPI)

Lead by DOE and NERC Lead by DOE and NERC

n n Vision Vision – – improve improve power system power system reliability through reliability through wide wide- -area area measurement, measurement, monitoring and control monitoring and control (throughout the North (throughout the North American grid) American grid) n n www.phasors.pnl.gov www.phasors.pnl.gov n n Montreal Canada 9/6 Montreal Canada 9/6- -7 7

Entergy Entergy Phasor Phasor Time Time- -Line Line

August 2003

Nov 2004

Building the Beta System Building the Beta System n n Design Communication Infrastructure Design Communication Infrastructure

n n Within Entergy Within Entergy n n Between Companies in the Eastern Interconnect Between Companies in the Eastern Interconnect

n n Determine location of PMU on Entergy System Determine location of PMU on Entergy System n n Vendor Selection for PMU & PDC Vendor Selection for PMU & PDC n n NDA to share NDA to share Phasor Phasor Data Data n n Get Approvals and Money Get Approvals and Money n n Build a team Build a team n n Get Iron in the Ground Get Iron in the Ground

n n Dec 2004 1 Dec 2004 1 st st PMU sends data to PMU sends data to TVA Super PDC TVA Super PDC

n n May 2005 Ten May 2005 Ten PMUs PMUs operational operational

Entergy Entergy Phasor Phasor Time Time- -Line Line

August 2003

Nov 2004

Aug 2005

Unprecedented Natural Disaster Unprecedented Natural Disaster

Two Hurricanes: Two Hurricanes: Katrina and Rita Katrina and Rita

Flooding from Flooding from Breeched Levees Breeched Levees lasting many weeks lasting many weeks

All Generation in SE La was lost

Double Trouble Double Trouble Summary Summary Katrina Rita Katrina Rita

13,000 Workers 13,000 Workers 4.500 Support 4.500 Support

10,200Workers 10,200Workers 3,500 Support 3,500 Support

Resource Deployed Resource Deployed 11,500 11,500 17,400 17,400 Dist Pole Destroyed Dist Pole Destroyed

Waterford 3 Waterford 3 Nuc Nuc Units Impact Units Impact 14 14 15 15 Fossil Units Impact Fossil Units Impact 443 443 263 263 Subs Out Subs Out 341 341 181 181 Tran Line Out Tran Line Out

800 K, 30% 800 K, 30% 1,091 K, 41 % base 1,091 K, 41 % base Customers Out Customers Out Ar Ar, Ms, La, NO, , Ms, La, NO, Tx Tx Ms, La, NO Ms, La, NO Areas Impacted Areas Impacted C3 C3– –Sept 24 Sept 24- -21 days 21 days C4 C4– –Aug 29 Aug 29- - 42 days 42 days Cat., Landfall, Rest. Cat., Landfall, Rest.

n n Staff scattered across the US Staff scattered across the US and Canada and Canada

n n Working from hotels, friends Working from hotels, friends homes, and eventually an homes, and eventually an apartment and a temporary apartment and a temporary office in Houston office in Houston

n n Dealing with home repair, Dealing with home repair, losses losses- -personal, spiritual, and personal, spiritual, and financial, financial,

n n Eventually we began to Eventually we began to rebuild rebuild

Entergy Entergy Phasor Phasor Time Time- -Line Line

August 2003

Nov 2004

Aug 2005

Dec 2006

Entergy Entergy PMU Locations PMU Locations

n n 20 Sites are installed 20 Sites are installed n n PMU PMU – – ARBITER ARBITER

1133A, Power 1133A, Power Sentinal Sentinal; SEL 421 ; SEL 421

n n PDC PDC – – OSIsoft PI OSIsoft PI

Entergy PMU Locations Entergy PMU Locations

n n 500 KV 500 KV – – 10 10 n n 345 KV 345 KV – – 1 1 n n 230 KV 230 KV – – 4 4 n n 138/115 KV 138/115 KV – – 3 3 n n Distribution Distribution – – 2 2

n n Arkansas Arkansas – – 9 9 n n Louisiana Louisiana – – 5 5 n n Mississippi Mississippi – – 2 2 n n Texas Texas (NON (NON- -ERCOT) ERCOT) – – 4 4

Entergy Entergy Phasor Phasor Time Time- -Line Line

August 2003

Nov 2004 Aug 2005

Dec 2006

Aug 2007

Fixing Problems Fixing Problems- -C37.118 C37.118 n n New New Synchro Synchro- -Phasor Phasor

Standard C37.118 Standard C37.118 n n Firmware upgrade on Firmware upgrade on

PMU PMU – – for SEL the relay for SEL the relay must be taken out of must be taken out of service service

n n Pi Interface for C37.118: Pi Interface for C37.118: n n The process of getting a The process of getting a

C37.118 interface to C37.118 interface to market has taken too long market has taken too long

n n Still issues with bringing Still issues with bringing data in from TVA data in from TVA

n n Works only w/ Arbiter & Works only w/ Arbiter & SEL PMU SEL PMU

n n It It’ ’s time s time - - C37.118 Server C37.118 Server

Fixing Problems Fixing Problems- -PMU PMU

n n Arbiter 1133 Power Arbiter 1133 Power Sentinel PMU Sentinel PMU n n 37.118 Firmware 37.118 Firmware

Unstable Unstable n n Remote Re Remote Re- -boot (needed) boot (needed) n n Remote Firmware Remote Firmware

upgrades (needed) upgrades (needed) n n Remote Calibration Remote Calibration

(needed) (needed) n n Don Don’ ’t stop Firmware t stop Firmware

upgrades are in progress upgrades are in progress

Fixing Problems Fixing Problems- - Infrastructure Infrastructure n n Migrate from Corporate Migrate from Corporate

network to private network to private internal network for internal network for critical data critical data

n n New Server New Server Infrastructure: 5 days of Infrastructure: 5 days of history to 5 years history to 5 years

Entergy Entergy Phasor Phasor Time Time- -Line Line

August 2003

Nov 2004

Aug 2005

Dec 2006

Aug 2007

Entergy Wide Entergy Wide- -Area Initiatives Area Initiatives

n n Detection, Prevention Detection, Prevention and Mitigation of and Mitigation of Cascading Events Cascading Events – – Prototype Prototype Implementations Implementations

n n Joint project Joint project Incorporating Incorporating Phasor Phasor Measurements into Measurements into State Estimation State Estimation (Phase 2) (Phase 2)

Entergy Wide Entergy Wide- -Area Initiatives Area Initiatives n n PMU Meter Placement PMU Meter Placement

Study for Monitoring Study for Monitoring and Control and Control

n n Event Location Event Location Triangulation Triangulation

n n System Security Using System Security Using Phase Angle Phase Angle Differences Differences

FREQUENCY WORM

­0.08 ­0.06 ­0.04 ­0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.10 ­0.10

­0.08

­0.06

­0.04

­0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

­0.10

0.10

Desired

Caution

Alert

This chart represents your operating frequency domain. Frequency here is represented as a difference from 60 Hz.

The system should be operated within the desired range (the yellow dashed box). Caut ion should be noted when frequencies begin to migrate outside of the yellow dashed box.

Frequencies falling in the alert region (outside of the red box) should be closely monitered.

If the frequency worm begins to scat ter, this represents potential islanding.

7/11/2007 3:54:30 PM

60 Hz

60 Hz

White Dot = Most Recent Frequency Measurement

Regional Visualization Regional Visualization

VERDE VERDE Oak Ridge National Labs Oak Ridge National Labs

OSIsoft PI OSIsoft PI

Enterprise Enterprise Horizons Horizons

ProcessBook Display

ProcessBook Display

ProcessBook Display

ProcessBook Display

Electric Grid & Energy Infrastructure Electric Grid & Energy Infrastructure Situational Awareness Situational Awareness

This effort will This effort will assist the assist the government in government in managing the managing the preparedness for preparedness for and response to and response to destructive events destructive events

Major power outages over the past decade have occurred due to a lack of wide-area situational understanding

ORNL, in partnership with TVA, is developing a resource for the U.S. DOE’s Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability that will enable real-time status of the electric grid and assess inter-dependencies with critical energy sectors

Assist in coordination of federal response to natural disasters or major events

v v U.S. DOE Office of Electricity U.S. DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Delivery and Energy Reliability sponsored effort Reliability sponsored effort

v v Coordinate federal response Coordinate federal response to natural disasters or major to natural disasters or major events events

v v ORNL, in partnership with ORNL, in partnership with TVA, developing real TVA, developing real­ ­time time visualization tool visualization tool

v v Initially assess status of Initially assess status of transmission lines in the transmission lines in the Southeast Southeast

Electric Grid & Energy Infrastructure Electric Grid & Energy Infrastructure Situational Awareness Situational Awareness

Updated August 29, 2005 8:20 a.m. EDT

Kevin Kolevar discusses DOE's hurricane preparedness efforts with Red Cavaney of the American Petroleum Institute and Bud Danenberger (right) of the Department of the Interior's Minerals Management Service.

VERDE Capabilities VERDE Capabilities Visualizing Energy Resources Dynamically on Earth Visualizing Energy Resources Dynamically on Earth

n n Platform provides wide area Platform provides wide area visualization capability visualization capability n n Flexible system Flexible system

n n Real Real­ ­time status of transmission lines time status of transmission lines n n Real Real­ ­time weather overlays time weather overlays n n Predictive impact models & Animated Predictive impact models & Animated

replay replay n n Data analysis Data analysis n n Energy infrastructure Energy infrastructure

interdependencies: interdependencies: n n Coal delivery and rail lines Coal delivery and rail lines n n Refinery and oil wells Refinery and oil wells n n Natural gas pipelines Natural gas pipelines n n Transportation and evacuation routes Transportation and evacuation routes n n Population impacts Population impacts ­ ­ LandScan LandScan

Wide­Area Power Grid Situational Awareness

Real­time Weather Overlays

Impact Models Streaming Analysis

Goslin ­ Metro A Voltage Goslin ­ Metro B Voltage Goslin ­ Metro C Voltage

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Volts \\cctapetst005\ENT_GSLN­MTRO:ARBVB

Volts \\cctapetst005\ENT_GSLN­MTRO:ARBVC

Volts

Goslin­Metro 138 KV Vol tage Profile During June 15, 2005 Storm

6/15/2005 6:54:12 PM 6/15/2005 7:11:27 PM 17.25 minutes

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

40000

160000

52983.879

53522.652

49407.059

El D ora do ­ Mt Olive Fre quenc y El D ora do ­ She rid an Fre qu en cy Fan cy Pt Fre quenc y Grand G ulf ­ B a xte r W ils on Fre que n cy Gos lin ­ Me tro Fre que n cy Ma b le va le ­ Ma yflowe r Freq uen cy Ma b le va le ­ She rid an Fre qu en cy Pa te rs on Fre que n cy Ray B ras w ell ­ Fra n klin Fre quen cy Wa te rfo rd ­ N i nem ile Fre quen cy Wa te rfo rd ­ W illow Gle n Fre qu en cy

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\\ ccta pe ts t0 05\ EN T_G DGF­B XW N:ARBF

\\ ccta pe ts t0 05\ EN T_G SLN­ MTRO :ARBF

\\ ccta pe ts t0 05\ EN T_MBLE ­MFLR:ARB F

\\ ccta pe ts t0 05\ EN T_MBLE ­SHDN :ARBF

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J un e 1 5, 2 005 St orm ­ Syst em Fre quen cy

6 /1 5 /2 00 5 6 :5 4 :1 2 PM 6/ 15 /20 05 7 :11 :2 7 P M 17 .2 5 m in u te s

5 9

5 9. 2

5 9. 4

5 9. 6

5 9. 8

6 0

6 0. 2

6 0. 4

5 8. 8

6 0. 6

6 0.0 04

6 0.0 04

6 0.0 04

6 0.0 04

6 0.0 05

6 0.0 05

6 0.0 05

6 0.0 04

6 0.0 04

6 0.0 05

6 0.0 05

ENT_GSLN­CVLD:ARBVA

Volts ENT_GSLN­CVLD:ARBVB

Volts ENT_GSLN­CVLD:ARBVC

Volts ENT_GSLN­MTRO:ARBVA

Volts ENT_GSLN­MTRO:ARBVB

Volts ENT_GSLN­MTRO:ARBVC

Volts

Goslin Metro and Goslin­Cleveland A,B,CVoltage

6/8/2007 7:16:03.621 AM 6/8/2007 8:16:03.621 AM 60.00 minutes

121.6

121.8

122

122.2

122.4

122.6

122.8

123

123.2

121.4

123.4

121.5

124

122.5

125

137000

139500

137500

140500

138500

141500

140646.047

139271.515

138653.859

124.104

122.962

122.631

Entergy System Frequency

7/27/2007 12:58:21 PM 7/27/2007 1:58:21 PM 60.00 minutes

59.96

59.98

60

60.02

60.04

59.94

60.06

FREQUENCY WORM

­0.08 ­0.06 ­0.04 ­0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.10 ­0.10

­0 .08

­0 .06

­0 .04

­0 .02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

­0 .10

0.10

Desired

Caution

Alert

This chart represents your operating frequency domain. Frequency here is represented as a difference from 60 Hz.

The system should be operated within the desired range (the yellow dashed box). Caution should be noted when frequencies begin to migrate outside of the yellow dashed box.

Frequencies falling in the alert region (outside of the red box) should be closely monitered.

If the frequency worm begins to scat ter, this represents potential islanding.

7/11/2007 3:54:30 PM

60 Hz

60 Hz

Whi te Dot = Most Recent Frequency Measurement