950

to twenty persons the ratepayers may be thankful. A littlemore education amongst the representatives of the people-town councillors-would be beneficial, for at a meeting ofthe Council the other day one of the opponents of thesanatorium and its expenses ventured an opinion that this"’ typhus " was due to the bad water, evidently thinkingthere was no difference between typhus and typhoid.

THE NORMAL STATE OF THE ZONULE OFZINN AND ITS PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES.

DR. R. F. GARNIER has published in a Russian journal apaper on the normal state of the zonule of Zinn and its patho.logical changes. The author examined eyes with glaucoma,with ciliary staphyloma, and healthy eyes. He contendsthat the zonule is a network of fibres of various origin,but not a membrane ; that the canal of Petit is not formedby the zonule, and that the latter offers but little resistanceto the humour. The vitreous membrane, which is situatedclose to the zonule, does not prevent the humour gettingfrom the vitreous into the posterior chamber. The zonule

may be pressed forward by vitreous pressure, without

necessarily producing intra-ocular pressure. Filtration

ceases, and intraocular pressure takes place in conse-

quence, when exudations occur in the zonule, or the latterbecomes thickened.

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INOCULATION FOR ANTHRAX.

DR. SADONSKI has recently published in the St. Peters-,burger Medizinische Wochenschrift the result of experimentshe made for the purpose of studying the question of immunityagainst anthrax. Cultures of anthrax bacilli were sterilised

by heat, and then injected into cats and horses. An increase oftemperature took place, which lasted from one to four days,’but the animals remained healthy. Twenty days after thelast of a series of injections the cats had cultures of virulentanthrax bacilli injected, and two cats, which were to givethe desired material, were also inoculated in the same way.’The two cats died in six days. Two other cats, previouslymade immune, died much later, and no bacilli could be dis-covered in their blood. One cat, which had previously re-’ceived three injections ’of sterilised cultures, lived. It<soon recovered from the high fever of reaction after theinjection with virulent bacilli, and even increased in

weight. --

COCAINE POISONING.

IN the Bulletin de Th&eacute;rapeutique Hallopeau reports the caseof a man, forty-eight years of age, who consulted a dentiston account of caries of a molar tooth, which caused muchpain. A solution of one centigramme of hydrochlorate ofcocaine was prepared, and about eight milligrammes wereinjected into the neighbourhood of the decayed tooth. Fiveminutes after the injection the patient was seized withintense cardiac pain, accompanied by a sense of impending-death. The pulse became thready, and so rapid that it- could scarcely be counted. The patient suddenly roseand paced about the room, breaking various objects withwhich he come in contact, and occasionally clutching at the’clothing over his heart. He continued in this condition forabout ten minutes, after which he became calmer. The,same night he was extremely restless, and suffered fromsevere and prolonged headache. The same symptoms recurredthe following day, and, in less severity, for several days after-wards. Hallopeau arrived at the following conclusions : 1. A

single injection of hydrochlorate of cocaine may give rise,not only to immediate grave and dangerous symptoms, butalso to more prolonged troubles. 2. These troubles consistprincipally of severe headache, accompanied by generalmalaise, sleeplessness, attacks of faintness, and prostration,combined with cerebral excitement. 3. Small doses of the

drug may suffice to cause the above symptoms. 4. Theirduration may be of several months. 5. They are especiallyobserved in subjects of an excitable, nervous nature.

6. They may be attributed to an elective action of the poisonon the nervous centres.

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MORBID CHANGES IN JOINTS IN SYRINGO-MYELIA.

THE St. Petersburger Medizinische Woe7benschrift publishesa r&eacute;sum&eacute; of Dr. N. A. Sokoloff’s little work on the Morbid

Changes in Joints observed in Syringomyelia. Thesechanges occur, according to the author, very frequently. ,

They are chiefly observed in the upper extremities, and arevery chronic. A characteristic symptom of these affections,as in tabetic arthropathy, is their painlessness. It is easyto diagnose them anatomically and clinically. Fixation ofthe joints in the early stage of the complaint, or operativeinterference in advanced and marked cases, are indicated.

THE ENTRIES FOR THE SESSION 1891-2.

THE winter session having now fairly commenced in themedical schools throughout England, we are enabled topresent the following returns of the number of students whohave joined the medical classes for the first time this year.In the Scotch and Irish schools the enrolment of medicalstudents is now in progress, and will go on for some weeks.St. Bartholomew’s entries for the full course amount to 104,for special classes 44, being a total of ’148-’new students.At C7ictring- cross, 73 first-year students and 7 occasionalstudents have enrolled themselves. In Guy’s, 124 studentshave joined for the first time, of whom 23 are first-yeardental students ; there are also 49 occasional students, in-cluding 12 students for the preliminary scientific examina-tion. St. Mary’s has 76 first-year’s and 37 occasional students.At St. George’s, 47 first-year and 1 occasional have entered.At St. Thomcts’s, 83 first.year students, 24 for specialcourses, and 13 for the peliminary scientific examinationhave joined the medical school. The London has enrolled37 students for the full curriculum and 45 occasionalstudents. There are 145 new students at the Middlesex,71 for the full curriculum, 9 dental, 6 preliminaryscientific and’59 occasional students. The 112 new studentsenrolled at King’s College are made up of 35 for the fullcurriculum, 14 for the preliminary scientific, and 63 occa-sional students. At Westminster there are 25 first year’sand 2 occasional students.In the provinces the medical schools present the fol-

lowing returns :-At Cambridge there are 121 studentsentered for the course leading to the degrees of M.B.and B.C. Ab Durham, 44 first year, 39 second year, 46third year, 34 fourth year, and 35 occasional; in all, 198students have joined the classes in that institution for thefirst time. Queen’s College, Birmingham, has enrolled 36first year’s students, 14 for the preliminary scientific, 7dental, and 29 occasional students. At Owens College,Manchester, 161 students have joined, 66 for the full

curriculum, 39 for special classes, 8 dental students, and 48for the preliminary scientific. Bristol counts 18 new entries,with 2 occasional students. In Sheffield there are 16 newstudents, 14 for the full curriculum, and 2 occasionalstudents. Other returns have not yet reached us.

FOREIGN UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

Brussels.-Dr. Van den Corput, Professor of Pharmaco-dynamics, has resigned.Erlangen.-In the budget of the Bavarian Landtag

several large sums are proposed for additions to thebuildings and endowments of the Medical Faculty.