the eu institutions and mechanism. internationalization globalization integration
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The EU The EU Institutions and Institutions and
MechanismMechanism
?
• INTERNATIONALIZATION
• GLOBALIZATION
• INTEGRATION
The EU Institutions and Mechanism
STAGES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Free Trade Zone Customs Union Common Market Economic Union Political and Economic Union
Supranational X Intergovernmental integration co-operation
• Community method of supranational integration
features : 1) goal - higher level of integration 2) superiority of political goals
(F-G reconciliation) 3) supranational central institution
History
• 1947 - 59 “First steps” - Learning
• 1951 TREATY OF PARIS - ECSC
• 1957 TREATY OF ROME - EEC and EUROATOM (EAEC)
History - continue
• 1965 Merger treaty - EC• 1986 Single Act signed (1987 SA in force)• 1992 Maastricht treaty = TEU (1993 in force)• 1997 Amsterdam• 2000 Treaty of Nice• 2003 Athens – Accesson treaties• 2004 East Enlargement• 2004 Treaty on European Constitution signed
INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS
European Council = Council of EU = SummitEuropean Council = Council of EU = Summit heads of governments since 1975 twice a year
( X Council of Europe )
Council of Ministers Council of Ministers
- ministers with different agendas :
ECOFIN – ministers of finance
Etc.
The Council - voting
The number of votes each member state can cast is set by the Treaties.
The Treaties also define cases in which:• a simple majority,• a qualified majority• or unanimity are required.
Qualified majority
From 1 November 2004 will be reached if the following two conditions are met:
• if a majority of member states approve in some cases a two-thirds majority); (MIN 16)
• a minimum of 232 votes is cast in favour of the proposal, i.e. 72.3 % of the total (321) (almost the same like before)
• In addition, a member state may ask for confirmation that the votes in favour represent at least 62% of the total population of the Union. If this is found not to be the case, the decision will not be adopted.
Distribution of votes for each member state (from 01/11/2004)
Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom
29
Spain, Poland 27Netherlands 13Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Portugal
12
Austria, Sweden 10Denmark, Ireland, Lithuania, Slovakia, Finland
7
Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Slovenia
4
Malta 3TOTAL 321
The Presidency
• EC(Oct 2002) confirmed the rota order until the end of 2006:
• EC will decide on the order of the Presidencies for 2007 and the following years by 1 May 2005 at the latest.
2004
January-June: Ireland
July-December: Netherlands
2005
January-June: Luxembourg
July-December: United Kingdom
2006
January-June: Austria
July-December: Finland
Presidency – 2007-20
• 2007 – D, Port.• 2008 – SL, FR• 2009 – CR, S • 2010 – E, B• 2011 – H, PL• 2012 – DK, CY• 2013 – IRL, LI
• 2014 – EL, IT• 2015 – LT, LUX• 2016 – NL, SK• 2017 – M, UK• 2018 – EST, BG• 2019 – A, ROM• 2020 - FIN
European CommissionEuropean Commission
• 25 members:
President and Commissioners
(each country 1)
• General Directorates + special institutions
Starting November 22, 2004
Barroso´s Commission is comming…
AppointmentsJosé Manuel Barroso President, Portuguese
Margot Wallström Vice President, Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy, Swedish Günter Verheugen Vice President, Enterprise and Industry, German Jacques Barrot Vice President Transport, FrenchSiim Kallas Vice President Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud, EstonianFranco Frattini Vice PresidentJustice, Freedom and Security, Italian Viviane Reding Information Society and Media, Luxembourger Stavros Dimas Environment, GreekJoaquín Almunia Economic and Monetary Affairs, SpanishDanuta Hübner Regional Policy, Polish Joe Borg Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, Maltese
Appointments- continueDalia Grybauskaitė Financial Programming and Budget, Lithuanian Janez Potočnik Science and Research, SlovenianJán Figel Education, Training, Culture and Multilinguism, SlovakianMarkos Kyprianou Health and Consumers Protection, Cypriot Olli Rehn Enlargement, Finnish Louis Michel Development and Humanitarian Aid, Belgian László Kovacs Taxation and Customs Union, HungarianNeelie Kroes Competition, Dutch Mariann Fischer Boel Agriculture and Rural Development, Danish Benita Ferrero-Waldner External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy, Austrian Charlie McCreevy Internal Market and Services, IrishVladimir Špidla Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, CzechPeter Mandelsor Trade, British Andris Piebalgs Energy Latvian
DG Services:
AgricultureCompetitionEconomic and financial affairsEducation and cultureEmployment and social affairsEnergy and transportEnterpriseEnvironmentFisheriesHealth and Consumer ProtectionInformation societyInternal Market
Joint researchCentre Justice and home aafairsRegional policyResearchTaxation and custom unionDevelopmentEnlargementEurope Aid – co-operation- foreign relationsHumanitarian aidTrade
DG Services- continue:
G E N E R A L S E R V I C E S
• European Anti-Fraud Office • Eurostat• Press and Communications• Publication Office• Secretariat general
I N T E R N A L S E R V I C E S
• Budget• Group of Policy Advisers• Informatics• Internal Audit Service• Interpretation• Legal Service• Personnel and Administration• Translation
European ParliamentEuropean Parliament
• 626 members for 5 years Till 2004 elections:
• 732 members after June elections
• Direct elections since 1979
European ParliamentStrasbourg – main seat
European Parliament
EP Political fractions composition
EP Political fractions
Political groups:
PPE-DEGroup of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats
PSE Group of the Party of European Socialists
ELDRGroup of the European Liberal, Democrat and Reform Party
GUE/NGL
Confederal Group of the European United Left/Nordic Green Left
Verts/ALE
Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance
UEN Union for Europe of the Nations Group
EDD Group for a Europe of Democracies and Diversities
NI Non-attached
Institutions- continue
• European Community Court of JusticeEuropean Community Court of Justice
• Court of AuditorsCourt of Auditors
The Court of Justice of the European Communities
The Court of Justice is made up
of 25 Judges and
8 Advocates-General
appointed for 6 years.
The Court of First Instance
• 1 President (elected from among the judges)25 judges (5 chambers each composed of 3 or 5 judges)
• The Court of First Instance is currently composed of 25 Judges, at least one from each Member State. The Judges are appointed for a renewable term of six years by common accord of the governments of the Member States.
• Subject-matter of actions: all matters, including:
• agriculture • State aid • competition • commercial policy • regional policy • social policy • institutional law • trade mark law • transport • Staff Regulations
INSTITUTIONS - continue
• ECBECB – European Central bank – European Central bank
• ESCB – Eropean System of Central BanksESCB – Eropean System of Central Banks
European Central Bank (Frankfurt a.M.)
European Central Bank
• ECB + the national central banks together =
=Eurosystem = the central banking system of the euro area.
• The main objective of the Eurosystem: to maintain price stability = safeguarding the value of the euro.
President of the ECBJ.C.Trichet
Former Governor of the Banque de France
appointed starting Nov 1, 2003 by common accord of the governments of the Member States that have adopted the euro at the level of Executive Heads.
He succeed Willem F. Duisenberg, who had been President of the ECB
from 1 June 1998
Institutions - continue
• EIBEIB
• COREPER
• Economic and Social Council
• Council of Regions
• Specific Agencies
LEGISLATION• Common body (acquis communataire)------------------------------------------------------• Primary legislation
• Secondary legislation : * Regulations * Directives * Decisions * Recommendations, Opinions, Resolutions and Declarations
LEGISLATION - continue
• 3 types of legislative procedures : 3 types of legislative procedures : Consultation Co-operation Co-decisions
Policy “integration level” of the EU
• COMMON POLICY
• POLICY CO-ORDINATION
• CONSULTED POLICY
• INDEPENDENT POLICY
3D EU Integration Process
• Enlargement
• Widening
• Deepening