the euronear moving object detection system€¦ · the euronear moving object detection system a...
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The EURONEAR Moving Object Detection System
PhD Student: Eng. Denisa CopandeanCoordinator: Prof. Dr. Eng. Dorian GorganCollaborator: Dr. Ovidiu Vaduvescu
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Content
Introduction – EURONEAR
EURONEAR Discoveries
The EURONEAR Moving Object Detection System
Problems encountered
Future works
Q&A
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Introduction – EURONEAR
The EUROpean Near Earth Asteroid Research
A project aiming to increase the European contribution in the Near Eart Asteroids (NEA) research;
Born in 2006 at IMCCE Paris (by O. Vaduvescu and M. Birlan);
Including people from 14 institutions in 8 European countries plus Chile;
Proposing to improve orbital and physical properties of NEAs using a network of existing telescopes or maybe in the future some dedicated infrastructure (understood our logo?)
A collaborative project contributing to education and public outreach, involving amateurs and students collaborators as reducers, discoverers and paper co-authors.
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Introduction - EURONEAR
The inner Solar System and the asteroids
January 2017:
More than …
750,000 Main Belt Asteroids (MBAs)
15,000 Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs)
1,750 PHAs (Potentially Hazardous)
500-600 Virtual Impactors (VIs)
… known objects (Minor Planet Center, MPC)
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Introduction – EURONEAR
Only few asteroids & NEAs were visited by space missions:
(951) Gaspra – Galileo 1991(243) Ida – Galileo 1993(253) Mathilde – NEAR 1997
NEA (433) Eros – NEAR 2000
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PHA (4179) Toutatis – Goldstone 1992 (~5km size, one of the most dangerous)
NEA (1620) Geographos – Goldstone 1994 PHA (53319) 1999 JM8 – Goldstone 1999
And a few hundred NEAs were observed by radar
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Earth Impact Database (Univ. New Brunswick, Canada http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase)
We known about 160 craters due to cosmic collisions!
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EURONEAR Discoveries (INT & ESO/MPG)
Few hundreds MBAs (two mini-surveys);
9 secured serendipitous NEAs (the first in La Palma, during ToO time to recover known NEAs)
Few lost NEAs (no follow-up time or other telescopes).
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EURONEAR Discoveries
Found but Lost
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The EURONEAR Moving Object Detection System
a prototype pipeline written mainly in Python calling 3rdParty libraries for image pre-correction and correction
Pre-correction(bias, flat, bad
pixels via IRAF)
Field Correction(sextractor,
scamp, missfits, swarp)
Source Extraction
Matching Techniques
Generate ReportsAsteroids
Classification
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Pre-correction Module
Python calls to IRAF in order to apply:
Bad pixels
Bias
Flat field
Input: Raw FITS Images
Output: Reduced FITS Images
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Field Correction Module
Prepare Headers
SExtractor
Input: Fits Images
Scamp
FITS_LDAC Catalogs
MissFits
.head files &plots
Swarp
SExtractor
Output File:
Aligned Images & Combine Images
ASCII Catalogs
12
3 4
5
6
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Source Extraction Module Pixel Based
(using star subtraction)
Using IRAF – not good enough
Can be improved and used if the operation is done with tools like OpenCV (dedicated tool for image processing)
Space Objects Based
(using sources in catalogs)
Remove all fixed objects from individual catalogs that match sources from the combined catalog (using the combined image)
The remaining objects are asteroids or noise, and should be paired in the individual images
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Matching ModuleTwo Detection Techniques
Improved “Blink“ Algorithm
in series of a few (4-5) images, pairing (at least 3) sources moving linearly and rejecting noise
“Synthetic (digital) tracking"
using series of many (dozens) of images, in the search of unknown objects moving in any direction and with any proper motion
Track & StackDetection of very faint known NEA with INT from 6 images
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Problems encountered
Caused by bad pixels
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Problems encountered
Caused by interpolation
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Problems encountered
Caused by image registration
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Problems encountered
Caused by star saturation
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Problems encountered
Caused by noise
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Future works Astronomy:
Complete the latest “blink” modules
Test the pipeline using INT-WFC archive images and a future mini-survey;
Implementing the “Digital (or Synthetic) Tracking" method, assisted by modern computer infrastructure at two Romanian universities.
Tyson, J. A., Guhathakurta, P., Bernstein, G. M., & Hut, P. (1992, Septembrie). Limits on the Surface Density of Faint Kuiper Belt Objects. American Astronomical Society.Gladman, B., & Kavelaars, J. J. (1997, Ianuarie). Kuiper Belt searches from the Palomar 5-m telescope. Astronomy and Astrophysics.
Zhai et al., (2014) - Detection of a Faint Fast-moving Near-Earth Asteroid Using the Synthetic Tracking Technique, ApJ 792, p. 60
Yanagisawa, T., Nakajima, A., Kadota, K.-I., Kurosaki, H., Nakamura, T., Yoshida, F., Sato, Y. (2005, Martie). Automatic Detection Algorithm for Small Moving Objects. ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN.
Heinze, A. N., Metchev, S., & Trollo, J. (2015). Digital Tracking Observations Can Discover Asteroids Ten Times Fainter than Conventional Searches. The Astronomical Journal, 51.
References
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Future works
Computer Science:
Migrate modules to cloud as Docker Containers or as Virtual Machine
Replace some of the modules with OpenCV operations/algorithms
After that it can become even more accelerated with the GPU and using hardware accelerators tools such as CUDA or OpenCL (provided by NVIDIA)
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Q&A
Thank you for your attention!!!