the european renaissance and reformation 1300-1600
TRANSCRIPT
Renaissance
• The “rebirth” of classical learning, art, writing and an intellectual rediscovery of Ancient Rome and Greece.
The Age of Faith—
• during The Middle Ages—time where the church was seen as head, not questioned and obeyed
• Seen as a social regression (compared to Greek and Roman cultures)
• People started to distrust the church, leading to the decline of the Age of Faith
The Age of Chivalry—
• Chivalry—behavior/warrior code use by knights (individual training and service to others)
• Now: Seen as “courtly love,” virtue, honor
Ending of the Age of Faith
• Pope Boniface VIII disobeyed by King Philip IV of France
• First open rejection of papal spiritual dominance
• Pope Boniface captured by French before finalizing a new papal bull
Avignon
• Clement V– 1305--French
archbishop appointed pope under Philip IV’s urging
– Papacy moved to Avignon
The Great Schism
• Caused people to distrust the church• Caused by the return of the papacy to Rome
and the pope’s death (Gregory XI)• The Romans wanted a Roman pope, so the
Cardinals elected a man with no French ties—Urban VI—Quick regret
The Great Schism
• Cardinals retreated to Anagni and elected Clement VII, reestablishing Avignon as the papal court
• antipope
The Great Schism
• Diplomatic problem not just religious• Avignon: Rome:France, Scotland, England, Denmark,Burgundy Holy Roman Empire
• The Council of Constance – 1414– Finally ended the Schism– Resignation of popes, election of Pope Martin V
The Hundred Years’ War
• Series of wars ranging from 1337 to 1453 between France and England
• Chivalry—still in play, looked down on common foot soldiers
The Longbow
• Battle of Crécy- *• Battle of Poitiers• Battle of Agincourt– All three battles: English introduced the longbow
and slaughtered the French– Knights could not stand against the longbow
• Laid groundwork for the end of chivalric warfare.
Joan of Arc
• Helped France win the Hundred Years’ War
• Helped Charles VII to victory and kingship
• She as captured by the English, and not defended by Charles.
• She was burned at the stake.
End of the War—1453
• Nationalism• France power increased• England—War of the Roses– End with Henry Tudor becoming king– Tudor reign for 117 years
• Religious devotion and chivalry drawn to close (knights deemed obsolete and changed medieval society)
• End of Age of Faith and Age of Chivalry
The Crusades
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgVDGdexXvY&list=PL54B03B391D3502E3&index=11&feature=plpp_video--TURNING POINT—CRUSADES
• Impact on Renaissance-– Opened them up to Middle Eastern culture,
religion, and technology– Failure—Made the church look bad and unreliable
FEUDALISM
• Feudalism-was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries, which was a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor
Feudalism• King- monarch over a country, top of feudal pyramid• Nobles-rank that possesses privileges, or eminence, and
certain rights not granted to members of other classes in a society, such as commoners
• Knights (vassal)-A medieval tenant giving military service as a mounted man-at-arms to a feudal landholder.
• Peasants/Serfs-A member of the lowest feudal class, attached to the land owned by a lord and required to perform labor in return for certain legal or customary rights.
• Vassal: person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch
MONARCHMs Bagley
Superintendent
NOBLESGreater
Mr Adair, PrincipalLesser
Ms Jones, Ms Mitchell, Mr Sams Assistant Principals
KNIGHT (vassal)Ms Boring
Social Studies Teacher
PEASANTS/SERF
YouThe Students
Serfs:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esZm74Qo-qk