the european situation on e-evidence€¦ · electronic evidence management and the admissibility...
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AGIS 2005
THE EUROPEAN SITUATION ON E-EVIDENCE: a European legal framework
ITU – WSIS Action Line C5 By Fredesvinda Insa23 May 2008 – Geneva, Switzerland Strategic Development Manager
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CYBEX
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• Cybex is the leading firm in Spain working on fraud in virtual
environments.
• Since its founding in 2000, Cybex has been the pioneer of
electronic evidence management and the admissibility of
such evidence before a court.
• Cybex provides specialised solutions in E-evidence to Public
Institutions, law firms, corporations, companies and
governments, Law Enforcement Groups…
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PRESENTATION’S AIM
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Reflect the actual European situation concerning
electronic evidence and its admissibility in Court
PRESENTATION’S AIM
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DEFINITION
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DefinitionLEGAL DEFINITION ON ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE
• In the legislation of the studied countries there is no specific definition on electronic evidence
• The legislative references are related to:
THERE IS NO SPECIFIC DEFINITION ON E-EVIDENCE
Traditional evidence Electronic documentElectronic signature Means of evidence
They can be applied by analogy to the
electronic evidence
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LEGISLATION & CASE LAW
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Legislation and Case LawLEGISLATION ON ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE: analogy
64%
• There is no specific regulation on electronic evidence in Europe.
• The E-evidence is regulated by interpreting analogically the traditional evidence.
Laws regulating the electronic evidence by analogy
Data source and processing: AEEC´s team.
Total analyzed laws: 78
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Legislation and Case LawSUBJECTIVE VIEWPOINT ON A EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK
PROSECUTORS/JUDGES/LAWYERS/EXPERTSIS IT NECESSARY A EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK REGULATING E-EVIDENCE?
yes no
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Legislation and Case LawSUBJECTIVE VIEWPOINT ON A EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK
• IT WILL HELP WITH THE LEGAL NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ISSUE
• IT WILL HELP TO DEVELOP IN A UNIFORM WAY THE LEGISLATION
• IT WILL FACILITATE THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN JUDGES
WHY DO THE INTERVIEWEES CONSIDER NECESSARY A EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK?
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PROCEEDINGS & ADMISSIBILITY OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE IN
COURT
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ProcedureLEGAL PROCEDURE: Analogy
• There is no specific procedure for the obtaining, analysis and presentation of electronic evidence reflected in the European legislation:
- In many cases the general proceeding of evidence is applied
-Other times the proceeding established for a traditional means of evidence is applied by analogy
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ProcedureLEGAL PROCEDURE: Analogy
48%
European laws containing proceedings to apply to electronic evidence by analogy.
Data source and processing: AEEC´s team.
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IMPROVEMENT GUIDE
Based on the European professionals’ perceptions and subject views
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Improvement guideLEGISLATION ON THE ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE : objects
IS ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE
ENOUGH / WELL REGULATED IN EUROPE?
• There is no common criteria in Europe (contradictions)
• The general trend: electronic evidence is not well regulated
PRACTICE
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Improvement guideLEGISLATION ON THE ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE : Changes
• Are European jurists for the changes?
77%
No
Si
Data source and processing: AEEC´s team.
PRACTICE
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Improvement guideSUGGESTED CHANGES
• Suggested changes are:
• Better regulation for the electronic evidence
• Specific provisions for the electronic evidence
• In compliance with the Cybercrime Convention from the Council of Europe
• Homogeneous policy in security matters
PRACTICE
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CONCLUSIONS
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RecommendationsKEY POINTS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATION & PRACTICE
• Legislation has the effect of positively influencing the perceptions of security held by different social agents.
Let us adapt the current legislation.
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RecommendationsKEY POINTS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATION & PRACTICE
• Judges are the key actors in admitting electronic evidence and police experts hold the main position in gathering evidence.
Let us act on these two types of actors.
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RecommendationsKEY POINTS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATION & PRACTICE
• Confidence in the experts related to the collection, analysis and conservation of electronic evidence.
Let us follow the technical procedures of the experts.
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RecommendationsKEY POINTS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATION & PRACTICE
• Training, knowledge and experience are the necessary and indispensable elements that experts must satisfy.
Let us work on the training.
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RecommendationsKEY POINTS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATION & PRACTICE
• Improvement in communication between the actors related to electronic evidence, at the national, European and international level, is a unanimously prized and desired asset.
Let us improve understanding between judges and technicians.
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• MUST WE CREATE AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL
FRAMEWORK CONCERNING ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE?
CONCLUSIONS
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CYBEX’S DEVELOPING PROJECTS
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CYBEX’S DEVELOPING PROJECTS: Training
Title: European Certificate on Cybercrime and Electronic Evidence
Public: Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Level: Basic
Implementation: 13 different EU countries + 3 South American
Duration: 3 years
Goals: - Creation of academic programme
- Organisation of the seminars
- Recognition of the course
Funds: EC DG JLS – Criminal Justice and CYBEX
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CYBEX’S DEVELOPING PROJECTS: e-Newsletter
Title: Electronic Newsletter on the fight against Cybercrime and E-Evidence
Public: legal, technical, academics, law enforcement bodies, institutions…
Sections: legal, technical, data protection, training information, case law,
institutional, law enforcement….
Implementation: 51 institutions
Duration: 3 years
Goals: - Creation of the first International e-Newsletter on combating Cybercrime
- Dissemination of information and best practices
Funds: EC DG JLS – Criminal Justice and CYBEX
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Thank you for your attention
QUESTIONS TIME