the european spallation source - docdb01.esss.lu.se...•there is a urgent need for a new high flux...
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The ESS and the challenge of designing its cryomodules
Wolfgang HeesESS - Group Leader Cryogenics & Vacuum2011-10-06, Thomas Jefferson Lab
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ESS in generalNeutronsOrganisationScheduleLinacCryogenicsCryomodulesHybrid design
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➼ average beam power 5 MW➼ proton energy 2.5 GeV ➼ 2.86 ms pulses @ 14 Hz ➼ length: 500 m ➼ 1 target station ➼ 22 instruments
European Spallation Source – a pan-European research centre
- a world-leading facility for materials research and life science - scientists will use neutrons to study the materials of tomorrow – from plastics and proteins to motors and molecules- spallation uses a high-power proton beam to extract neutrons from a heavy metal target
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ESS in Lund
• Neutron Source and Synchrotron Light Source on same site: ESS & MAX-IV
• World leading cluster of science facilities: XFEL, PETRA at 200 miles
• Excellent communications:- 35 minutes to CPH airport- 125 destinations- high speed rail link to Stockholm & Hamburg- a crossroads for 10 european countries
• Öresund region: an intellectual capital- 10’000 scientists- 140’000 students- Lund university is 3rd largest attractor of EU R&D funds
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The ESS site
Why neutrons ?
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wave particle magnetic moment neutral
Diffractometers measure structures where atoms and molecules are
10−9 … 10−10 m
Spectrometers measure dynamics (what atoms and molecules do)
1 - 80 meV
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Science with neutronsMaterials science Bio-technology Nano science Energy Technology Hardware for IT Engineering science
- Neutrons can provide unique and information on almost all materials.
- Information on both structure and dynamics simulaneously. ”Where are the atoms and what are they doing?”
- 5000 users in Europe today Access based on peer review.
- Science with neutrons is limited by the intensity of today’s sources
Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron
350 mCiRa-Be source
Chadwick
1930 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
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1010
1015
1020
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ISIS
Pulsed Sources
ZINP-P
ZINP-P/
KENSWNRIPNS
ILL
X-10
CP-2
Steady State Sources
HFBR
HFIRNRUMTRNRX
CP-1
1940 1950 1960
Effe
ctiv
e th
erm
al n
eutro
n flu
x n/
cm2 -
s
(Updated from Neutron Scattering, K. Skold and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986)
Evolution of the performance of neutron sources
FRM-IISINQ
SNS
High time average and peak flux
ESS
J-PARC
Long Pulse and cold neutrons
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•Many research reactors in Europe are aging and will be closed before 2020
•There is a urgent need for a new high flux cold neutron source in Europe
“Pulsed cold neutrons will always be long pulsed as a result of the moderation process”
F. Mezei, NIM A, 2006
300 kj/pulse
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0,0
2,0x10 13
4,0x10 13
6,0x10 13
8,0x10 13
1,0x10 14
1,2x10 14
1,4x10 14
1,6x10 14
Inst
anta
neou
s br
ight
ness
[n/c
m
2 /s/s
tr/Å
]
Time [ µ s]
Data Management
ESS AB Board
CEOC. Carlile
Accelerator Target Conven9onal Facili9es Instruments
Administra9onDirector
MachineDirector
ScienceDirector
Steering Comm (STC)
Adm Financial Comm
ProgrammeDirector
ProgrammmeOffice
Science Adv. CommTechnology Adv. Comm
Preconstruc9on
Construc9on
Opera9on Phase
Collabora9on Partners
Neutron Science
ESS Organisation
Sweden, Denmark and Norwaycover 50% of cost
17 Partners today
The remaining ESS members states together with EIB cover the rest!
International collaboration
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Technical R&Din global research networks
• Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin• FZ Jülich (Target)• DESY / X-FEL, Hamburg• KIT, Karlsruhe (Neutronenlinien)• Uni Rostock (HOMs)• Uni Darmstadt (FAIR)• HZ Rossendorf (Dresden)• TU München (FRM2 Reaktor)• GKSS, Geesthacht• Fraunhofer Institut (ISE)
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A sustainable research facility
RenewableCarbondioxide: - 120 000 ton/year
RecyclableCarbondioxide:- 15 000 ton/year
ResponsibleCarbondioxide:- 30 000 ton/year
ResponsibleCarbondioxide:- 30 000 ton/year
⇓Energy efficiency
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ESS construction cost estimates Investment: 1478 M€ / ~10yOperations: 106 M€ / yDecomm. : 346 M€ (Prices per 2008)
2011 2020
250 M€
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ESS personnel
2011 2025
450
ESS Project Status
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inst.
designprototype
seriesdesign
manuf.
← first protons on target
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 20192012
Accelerator Milestones & Cryomodules
concept
ESS project strategy
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
TDR with cost and Schedule
International convention signed
Design Update Construction project
First protons
P2B projects: prototypes
Cryomodule production starts
First neutrons
DU DUP2B
Const.
P2B
Const.
P2B
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inst.design prototype seriesdesign
manufacturing
ESS linac tunnel
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LINAC layout
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Length (m) Input Energy (MeV)
Frequency (MHz)
Geometric β # of Sections
Temp (K)
RFQ 5 75 × 10-3 352.2 -- 1 ≈ 300
DTL 19 3 352.2 -- 3 ≈ 300
Spoke 58 50 352.2 0.50 14 (2c) ≈ 2
Low Beta 108 200 704.4 0.70 16 (4c) ≈ 2
High Beta 196 500 704.4 0.90 15 (8c) ≈ 2
HEBT 100 2500 -- -- -- --
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The Cryogenic Systems of ESS
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• linac: extrapolation estimate: 14 kW @4.5K equiv.supplied at 2 K + screen temps.
• target:TD heat load calculations: 68 kW @20K(15 kW @4.5K equiv.) supplied at < 20K
• instruments:interpolated from ILL: 17 l/h LHe (35 l/h peak) → liquefier cap. 45 l/h200 l/h LN2 (delivery based solution)
• labs, test stands etc ...
➚ almost an LHC cryoplant
➚ and another one
Cryogenics Infrastructure
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vacuumworkshop building
cryo & vacuumstorage
gas storageGHe
gas storageGHe
ESS Cryogenics and Vacuum - Space Requirements - First Draft Estimate2011-02-18, W. Hees, ESS-AD
200 m
15 m
klystron gallerytarget
access road
LN2 dewar
linaccompressor
building
linaccoldbox building
T&E compressor
building
vacuumworkshop building
cryogenicsworkshop building
cryo & vacuumstorage
T&Ecoldbox building
HEBTlinac
@Tcryo: 330 m 100 m
TL
TL
alternative placement
plan view
cross sectionA:A
A
A
klystron gallery
CV bldg
acc
12 m
transfer line gallerytechnical gallery
metal structure buildings: 2000 m2concrete buildings: 1000 m2gas storage area: 1000 m2
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Cryomodules’ boundary conditionsPhysical boundaries, tunnel geometry etc ...
ESS linac tunnel:• cross section: 5 x 3.5 m2 TBC
• length: 492 m (360 m cold linac)
• slope: none• space for external
cryoline, valveboxes and jumper connections
• space for CM with diameter ∼ 1000 mm
transport
cables, pipes, waveguides etc ....
Specification
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• temperature: 2 K• 8 cavities, 2 sc quads• alignment: 0.5 mm• possibility to service individually• reduced heat load• transportable (<12.3 m)
utilitymodule
70K
2011-07-11, W. Hees, ESS
Generic Cryomodule
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70K
2K 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K2K 2K
hybrid design
300K
open questions:• assess advantages - heat load gains vs cooling load & cost• cryogenic design - cooling of utility module• mechanical design - vacuum jacket bellows etc ...
BIBI
2011-07-01, W. Hees, ESS
Reducing heat load
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open questions:• assess advantages - heat load gains vs cooling load & cost• cryogenic design - cooling of utility module• mechanical design - vacuum jacket, bellows etc ...
Hybrid design (proposal)
SNS-type module
Approx. to scale
80K shield+ MLI
300K space frame
Crossed spokes
External magneCc shield on space frame
Internal magneCc shield on He vessel
MLI
Vacuum vessel
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XFEL type cryomodule
Cryomodule Design Strategy
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Design of spoke CMs‣ IPNO (Duthil et al) preliminary work has started
Who will design the elliptical CMs ?‣ limited options: JLab, FNAL, IPNO‣ decision to be taken before end of 2011
(workshop in November 2011)Where to do manufacturing and testing ?‣ assumption: re-use of XFEL line Saclay/DESY‣ other options to be studied‣ industry involvment at different levels
Cryomodule Prototypes
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20.5 CMS: Cryomodule, Spoke
20.6 CMH: Cryomodule, high-‐beta
20.7 CML: Cryomodule, low beta
20.8 CMT: Cryo design test, conCnuous/segmented/hybrid
20.9 CMT: Cryomdoule CERN-‐SPL
AP2B WP
Next steps
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• Improve cryomodule concept & requirements !
• Find someone to design the elliptical cryomodules !
Conclusion
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Because:
a) aggressive scheduleb) ambitious spec.c) no designer (yet)
It’s a challenge !
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www.ess-scandinavia.eu