The European Union: 500 million people – 28 countries

Member States of the European Union

Candidate countries and potential candidates

Konrad Adenauer

Robert Schuman

Winston Churchill

Alcide De Gasperi

Jean Monnet

New ideas for lasting peace and prosperity…

Founders

The EU symbols

The European flag

The European anthem

The euro Europe Day, 9 May

The motto: United in diversity

24 official languages

Български

Čeština

dansk

Deutsch

eesti keel

Ελληνικά

English

español

français

Gaeilge

hrvatski

Italiano

latviešu valoda

lietuvių kalba

magyar

Malti

Nederlands

polski

português

Română

slovenčina

slovenščina

suomi

svenska

Enlargement: from six to 28 countries

The big enlargement: uniting east and west

Fall of Berlin Wall – end of Communism EU economic help begins: Phare programme

Criteria set for a country to join the EU: • democracy and rule of law • functioning market economy • ability to implement EU laws

Formal negotiations on enlargement begin

Copenhagen summit agrees to a big enlargement of 10 new countries

Ten new EU members: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia

1989

1992

1998

2002

2004

2007 Bulgaria and Romania join the EU 2013 Croatia joins on 1 July

Candidate countries and potential candidates

Country Area (x 1000 km²) Population (millions)

Wealth (gross domestic

product per person)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 51 3.8 7 600

Montenegro 14 0.6 10 900

Iceland 100 0.3 30 000

Kosovo under UN Security Resolution 1244

11 1.8 :

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 25 2.1 9 100

Albania 28 2.9 7 500

Serbia 77 7.2 9 100

Turkey 783 76.7 13 800

The 28 EU countries together 4 272 507.4 25 700

The treaties – basis for democratic cooperation built on law

The European Coal and Steel Community

The treaties of Rome: • The European Economic Community • The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM)

The European Single Act: the Single Market

Treaty on European Union - Maastricht

Treaty of Amsterdam

1952

1958

1987

1993

1999

2003 Treaty of Nice

2009 Treaty of Lisbon

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Binding for all the EU's activities 54 articles under 6 titles:

Freedoms Equality

Solidarity Citizens’ rights Justice

Dignity

EU population compared to the rest of the world

Population in millions (2014)

506

1537

1252

127 144

316

EU China India Japan Russia United States

EU surface area compared to the rest of the world

Surface area (x 1000 km²)

4272

9600

3287

378

17098

9831

EU China India Japan Russia United States

How rich is the EU compared to the rest of the world?

Size of economy: GDP in trillions of euro (2012)

Wealth per person: GDP per person (2012)

12,89

5,96

1,33

4,32

1,46

11,77

EU China India Japan Russia United States

25200

5800 2600

26300

12000

37100

EU China India Japan Russia United States

How big are the EU countries?

Surface area (x 1000 km²)

63

3

50

6

43

9

35

7

33

8

31

3

30

2

24

9

23

8

13

2

11

1

93

92

88

84

79

70

65

65

49

45

43

42

31

20

9

2,6

0,3

Fran

ce

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Ger

man

y

Finl

and

Pola

nd

Ital

y

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Rom

ania

Gre

ece

Bul

garia

Hun

gary

Port

ugal

Cro

atia

Aus

tria

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Irel

and

Lith

uani

a

Latv

ia

Slo

vaki

a

Esto

nia

Den

mar

k

Net

herlan

ds

Bel

gium

Slo

veni

a

Cyp

rus

Luxe

mbo

urg

Mal

ta

How many people live in the EU?

Population in millions (2014)

507 million in total

80

,8

65

,9

64

,3

60

,8

46

,5

38

,5

19

,9

16

,8

11

,2

11

10

,5

10

,4

9,9

9,6

8,5

7,3

5,6

5,5

5,4

4,6

4,3

2,9

2,1

2

1,3

0,9

0,6

0,4

Ger

man

y

Fran

ce

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Ital

y

Spa

in

Pola

nd

Rom

ania

Net

herlan

ds

Bel

gium

Gre

ece

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Port

ugal

Hun

gary

Sw

eden

Aus

tria

Bul

garia

Den

mar

k

Finl

and

Slo

vaki

a

Irel

and

Cro

atia

Lith

uani

a

Slo

veni

a

Latv

ia

Esto

nia

Cyp

rus

Luxe

mbo

urg

Mal

ta

GDP per inhabitant: the spread of wealth

GDP per inhabitant (2013) Index where the average of the 28 EU countries is 100

26

4

12

9

12

7

12

7

12

6

12

5

12

4

11

9

11

2

10

8

10

6

98

95

87

86

83

80

76

75

75

74

72

68

67

67

61

54

47

Luxe

mbo

urg

Aus

tria

Net

herlan

ds

Sw

eden

Irel

and

Den

mar

k

Ger

man

y

Bel

gium

Finl

and

Fran

ce

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Ital

y

Spa

in

Mal

ta

Cyp

rus

Slo

veni

a

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Slo

vaki

a

Port

ugal

Gre

ece

Lith

uani

a

Esto

nia

Pola

nd

Hun

gary

Latv

ia

Cro

atia

Rom

ania

Bul

garia

Europe 2020 – Europe's growth strategy

In 2020, EU leaders agreed the overall strategy to overcome the economic crisis by means of:

• Smart growth

Better education, more research, greater use of communication technologies

• Sustainable growth

A resource-efficient, greener and more competitive economy

• Inclusive growth

More and better jobs, investment in skills and training, modernisation of the labour market and welfare systems and spreading the benefits of growth to all parts of the EU

• Good economic governance

Better coordination of economic policy

The five targets for the EU in 2020

Agreed in the Europe 2020 strategy:

• Employment

75 % of 20 to 64-year-olds to be employed

• Research and innovation

3 % of the EU's GDP to be invested in research

• Climate change/energy

Greenhouse gas emissions to be 20 % lower than in 1990

20 % of energy to be from renewable sources

20 % increase in energy efficiency

• Education

School drop-out rates to be below 10 %

40 % of 30 to 34-year-olds to be completing third-level education

• Poverty

20 million fewer people in, or at risk of, poverty and social exclusion

Europe's response to the economic crisis

2008: Worldwide financial crisis starts in the United States Coordinated response from the EU's national governments, the European Central Bank and the European Commission:

• Commitment to the euro and to financial stability

• New crisis management tools and reforms of rules:

European Stability Mechanism: fund to help countries in extraordinary economic difficulties

New laws for stability of banks

EU-wide financial supervisory authorities

• Better economic governance:

European Semester: annual procedure to coordinate public budgets

Euro+ pact, ‘Fiscal compact treaty’: mutual commitments to sound public finances

How does the EU spend its money?

2015 EU budget: € 145.3 billion

= 1.02 % of gross national income

Global Europe:

including development aid 6 %

Other, administration 6 %

Smart and inclusive growth: jobs, competitiveness, regional development 46 %

Security and citizenship, justice 2 %

Sustainable growth – natural resources:

agriculture, environment 40 %

Climate change – a global challenge

• reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40 % by 2030, compared to 1990

• raise the share of renewable energy to 27 % by 2030 (wind, solar, hydro power, biomass)

• increase energy efficiency by 27 % by 2030

To stop global warming, EU leaders decided in 2014 to:

Energy sources in a changing world

Fuel used in the EU in 2013

Share of fuel imported from outside the EU in 2013

44%

87%

65%

100%

2%

53%

Coal Oil Gas Nuclear (uranium)

Renewables All types of fuel

Research - investing in the knowledge society

Spending on research and development in 2012 (% of GDP)

2,1%

3,0%

1,8%

3,3%

2,7%

EU EU objective 2020

China Japan United States

Solidarity in practice: the EU cohesion policy

• Regional fund

• Social fund

• Cohesion fund

Less-developed regions: GDP per capita under 75 % of the EU average Transition regions: GDP per capita between 75 % and 90 % of the EU average More-developed regions: GDP per capita over 90 % of the EU average

2014-2020: € 352 billion invested in infrastructure, business, environment and training of workers for the benefit of poorer regions and citizens

The euro – a single currency for Europeans

EU countries using the euro

EU countries not using the euro

Why the euro? • No fluctuation risk and foreign exchange

cost

• More choice and stable prices for consumers

• Closer economic cooperation between EU countries

Can be used everywhere in the euro area • Coins: one side with national symbols,

one side common

• Notes: no national side

Beating inflation

European Economic and Monetary Union: stable prices

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Average annual inflation in the 18 EU countries using the euro (2013)

The single market: freedom of choice

The single market has led to:

• significant reductions in the price of many products and services, including airfares and phone calls

• more choice for consumers

• 2.8 million new jobs

Four freedoms of movement:

• goods

• services

• people

• capital

Free to move

‘Schengen’

• No police or customs checks at borders between most EU countries

• Controls strengthened at the EU’s external borders

• More cooperation between police from different EU countries

• Buy and bring back any goods for personal use when you travel between EU countries

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Cheaper mobile abroad

The EU has reduced the cost of phone calls, text messaging and data roaming abroad by over 80 % since 2007

Sending an SMS when abroad

Calling from abroad (per minute)

Downloading data when abroad

Euro cent, excluding VAT

Going abroad to learn

Erasmus+

Every year, more than 400 000

young people study or pursue

personal development in other

European countries with the

support of the EU’s Erasmus+

programme for education,

training, youth and sport.

Improving health and the environment

EU action has helped bring about:

• cleaner bathing water • much less acid rain • lead-free petrol • free and safe disposal of old electronic

equipment • strict rules on food safety from farm to

fork • more organic and quality farming • more effective health warnings on

cigarettes • registration and control of all chemicals

(REACH)

Pollution knows no borders – joint action needed

An area of freedom, security and justice

• EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

• Joint fight against terrorism

• Cooperation between police and law-enforcers in different EU countries

• Coordinated asylum and immigration policies

• Civil law cooperation

The EU: an exporter of peace and prosperity

• World trade rules

• Common foreign and security policy

• Development assistance and humanitarian aid

The EU – a major trading power

% of global exports goods (2012)

% of global exports services (2012)

The EU is the biggest provider of development aid in the world

The EU provides over half of all development aid

Official development aid, billion € (2013)

56

24

8

EU United States Japan

Protecting consumers' rights

• Clear labelling

• Health and safety standards

• Unfair practice in contracts prohibited

• Passengers’ rights, such as compensation for long delays

• Help to resolve problems

As a consumer you are protected by basic laws all over the EU, even when you travel or shop online

Gender equality

The gender pay gap:

Women in the EU earn on average 16.4 % less per hour than men.

Three key players

The European Parliament

- voice of the people

Martin Schulz, President of the European Parliament

The European Council and the Council

- voice of the Member States

Donald Tusk, President of the European Council

The European Commission

- promoting the common interest

Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission

The EU institutions

European Parliament

Court of Justice

Court of Auditors

Economic and Social Committee Committee of the Regions

Council of Ministers (The Council) European Commission

European Investment Bank European Central Bank Agencies

European Council (summit)

How EU laws are made

Citizens, interest groups, experts: discuss, consult

Commission: makes formal proposal

Parliament and Council of Ministers: decide jointly

National or local authorities: implement

Commission and Court of Justice: monitor implementation

The European Parliament – voice of the people

Number of members elected in each country

Decides EU laws and budget together with the Council of Ministers Democratic supervision of all the EU’s work

Austria - 18

Belgium - 21

Bulgaria - 17

Croatia - 11

Cyprus - 6

Czech Republic - 21

Denmark - 13

Estonia - 6

Finland - 13

France - 74

Germany - 96

Greece - 21

Hungary - 21

Ireland - 11

Italy - 73

Latvia - 8

Lithuania - 11

Luxembourg - 6

Malta - 6

Total - 751

Netherlands - 26

Poland - 51

Portugal - 21

Romania - 32

Slovakia - 13

Slovenia - 8

Spain - 54

Sweden - 20

United Kingdom - 73

The European political parties

Number of seats in the European Parliament per political group (November 2014)

Greens/European Free Alliance 50

European Conservatives and Reformists 70

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe

67 European People’s Party (Christian Democrats) 221

Non-attached members 52

Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats

191

European United Left - Nordic Green Left

52

Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy 48

Total: 751

Council of Ministers – voice of the Member States

• One minister from each EU country

• Presidency: rotates every six months

• Decides EU laws and budget together with Parliament

• Manages the common foreign and security policy

Council of Ministers – how they vote

Most decisions in the Council are taken by ‘double majority’. A decision must have the support of at least:

• 55 % of Member States (16 countries)

• Member States that represent 65 % of the EU’s population

Summit at the European Council

• Held at least 4 times a year

• Sets the overall guidelines for EU policies

• President: Donald Tusk

Summit of heads of state and government of all EU countries

A high representative for foreign affairs and security

• Double role:

– chairs meetings of the Foreign Affairs

Council

– Vice-President of the European

Commission

• Manages the common foreign affairs and

security policy

• Head of the European External Action Service

Federica Mogherini

The European Commission – promoting the common interest

28 independent members, one from each EU country • Proposes new legislation

• Executive organ

• Guardian of the treaties

• Represents the EU on the international stage

The Court of Justice – upholding the law

28 independent judges, one from each EU country

• Rules on how to interpret EU law • Ensures EU countries apply EU laws in the same way

The European Ombudsman

Emily O’Reilly The European Ombudsman

• Investigates complaints about poor or

failed administration by the EU

institutions

• For example: unfairness, discrimination,

abuse of power, unnecessary delay,

failure to reply or incorrect procedures

• Anyone in the EU can make a complaint

The European Court of Auditors: getting value for your money

28 independent members • Checks that EU funds are used properly

• Can audit any person or organisation dealing with EU funds

• Ensures price stability

• Controls money supply and decides

interest rates

• Supervises that banks are safe

• Works independently from governments

The European Central Bank: managing the euro

Mario Draghi President of the Central Bank

The European Economic and Social Committee: voice of civil society

• Represents trade unions, employers, farmers,

consumers and so on

• Advises on new EU laws and policies

• Promotes the involvement of civil society in EU matters

353 members

The Committee of the Regions: voice of local government

• Represents cities and regions

• Advises on new EU laws and policies

• Promotes the involvement of local government in EU

matters

353 members

Civil servants working for the EU

The Commission employs about 23 000 permanent civil servants and 11 000 temporary or contract workers Other EU institutions employ about 10 000 staff • Permanent civil servants

• Selected by open competitions

• Come from all EU countries

• Salaries decided by law

• EU administration costs €15 per EU citizen per year

• EU staff will be reduced by 5% between 2013 and 2017

Getting in touch with the EU

Questions about the EU? Europe Direct can help

• By phone, email or webchat

• Over 500 regional information centres

europa.eu/europedirect

The European Union: 500 million people – 28 countriesDiapositiva numero 2The EU symbols24 official languagesEnlargement: from six to 28 countriesThe big enlargement: uniting east and westCandidate countries and potential candidatesThe treaties – basis for democratic cooperation built on lawThe EU Charter of Fundamental RightsEU population compared to the rest of the worldEU surface area compared to the rest of the worldHow rich is the EU compared to the rest of the world?How big are the EU countries?How many people live in the EU? GDP per inhabitant: the spread of wealthEurope 2020 – Europe's growth strategyThe five targets for the EU in 2020Europe's response to the economic crisisHow does the EU spend its money?Climate change – a global challengeEnergy sources in a changing worldResearch - investing in the knowledge societySolidarity in practice: the EU cohesion policy The euro – a single currency for Europeans Beating inflationThe single market: freedom of choiceFree to moveCheaper mobile abroadGoing abroad to learnImproving health and the environmentAn area of freedom, security and justiceThe EU: an exporter of peace and prosperityThe EU – a major trading powerThe EU is the biggest provider of development aid in the worldProtecting consumers' rights Gender equalityThree key playersThe EU institutionsHow EU laws are madeThe European Parliament – voice of the peopleThe European political partiesDiapositiva numero 42Council of Ministers – how they voteSummit at the European CouncilDiapositiva numero 45Diapositiva numero 46Diapositiva numero 47The European OmbudsmanDiapositiva numero 49Diapositiva numero 50Diapositiva numero 51Diapositiva numero 52Diapositiva numero 53Getting in touch with the EU