the evolution of evolution. consider… 10:30 pm on december 31: the first human-like animals...
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The Evolution of Evolution
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Consider… 10:30 pm on December 31: the
first human-like animals emerge Modern-looking humans have only
been around for 100,000 years
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Evolution Pre-Darwin
Plato and Aristotle Carolus Linnaeus
(1717-1778)
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
Continual adjustment
Ideas were flawed
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Lamarck vs. Darwin
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Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
Catastrophism i.e., Noah’s flood
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Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
Geological change was slow and continual , not due to catastrophes uniformitarianism
Corresponded with Darwin
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Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)
Reached similar conclusions as Darwin
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Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
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The Voyage of the HMS Beagle1831-1836
Galapagos Islands
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The Principles of Natural Selection According to
Darwin1. Variation
The essential underlying feature of evolution
Random mutations create a variety of individuals, some of whom are better suited to the environment
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The Principles of Natural Selection According to
Darwin2. Heritability
Offspring inherit characteristics from their parents
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The Principles of Natural Selection According to
Darwin3. Differential Reproductive Success
“Natural Selection”
Those who inherit favorable characteristics will thrive
Those who do not will die out
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British Moths and Kettlewell’s Experiment
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Directional vs. Normalizing Selection
Directional: adaptation toward an adaptive change i.e., the peppered moth
Normalizing: adaptation against extremes i.e., birth weight
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Evolution After Darwin
“Punctuated Equilibrium” Stephen Jay Gould
The mapping of the human genome has changed everything Genetic mutation is
not the only element of change
“Switch” Genes