the executive branch part 1
TRANSCRIPT
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The Executive Branch
The Presidency
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Qualifications
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The Executive Branch: The Presidency
Formal Qualifications:• 35 years old
• Natural Born Citizen
• U.S. resident for 14 years
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The Executive Branch: The Presidency
What is a natural born citizen?
• Anyone born inside the United States • Any one born outside the United States, both of whose parents are
citizens of the U.S., as long as one parent has lived in the U.S. • Any one born outside the United States, if one parent is a citizen
and lived in the U.S. for at least one year • Any one born in a U.S. possession, if one parent is a citizen and
lived in the U.S. for at least one year • Any one found in the U.S. under the age of five, whose parentage
cannot be determined, as long as proof of non-citizenship is not provided by age 21
• Any one born outside the United States, if one parent is an alien and as long as the other parent is a citizen of the U.S. who lived in the U.S. for at least five years (with military and diplomatic service included in this time)
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
“Informal” Qualifications:
• All have shared similar characteristics White males Protestant British ancestry most attended college
(only 9 did not) had careers as
lawyers (22 of 42)
President John Adams
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The Executive Branch: The Presidency
“Informal” Qualifications:– Evidence of change1.) 1960: JFK became 1st
Catholic President2.) 1984: Dem. party
nominated Geraldine Ferraro as the first Vice-Presidential candidate
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
“Informal” Qualifications:– Evidence of Change
cont.3.) 1988: Jesse Jackson
became the first African American to come in a close second in the race for the Democratic Presidential nomination
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The Executive Branch: The Presidency
Salary and Benefits
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The Executive Branch: The Presidency
History of Salary:
Position SalaryPresident
1789 $25,000
1873 50,000
1909 75,000
1949 100,000
1969 200,000
2001 400,000
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Benefits:• Receives $50,000/year for expenses and up to
$100,000/year for travel• Salary cannot be changed during term• Free lodging at the White House and Camp David
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Benefits:• President and family receives finest medical care
possible and personal protection (secret service)
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Benefits: • President has plane (Air Force One) and a personal helicopter
(Marine One) at his disposal
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Elections and Terms of Office
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Elections:• Elections held every 4 years• President elected by an electoral college• Candidate with most electoral votes wins the election
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Term of Office:• 4 years = 1 presidential
term• Constitution originally
placed no limit on number of Presidential terms
• George Washington established a tradition when he stepped down after 2 terms
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Term of Office:• 1940: FDR became the
1st President to not step down after 2nd term – was elected 4 times
• 1951: 22nd Amendment added to Constitution Limits President to 2
consecutive terms
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Presidential Succession
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Presidential Succession:• 1841: William Henry Harrison became 1st President to die while in
office• Vice President John Tyler set a tradition by declaring himself President
1967: 25th Amendment turned tradition into law; says if Presidency is vacant, the VP becomes President and then appoints a new VP
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
• Since ratified, 25th Amendment has been used 3 times:1.) 1973: VP Spiro Agnew resigned; Pres. Nixon replaced
him with Gerald Ford2.) 1974: Pres. Nixon resigned and Gerald Ford became
President3.) 1985: Pres. Reagan was shot and during surgery VP
George Bush became president for 8 hours
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
• 8 U.S. Presidents have died while in office:
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Presidential Succession:• 1947: Congress passed the Presidential Succession Act
which indicates the order of succession to the Presidency
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
• The Vice President • Speaker of the House • President pro tempore of the Senate • Secretary of State • Secretary of the Treasury • Secretary of Defense • Attorney General • Secretary of the Interior • Secretary of Agriculture• Secretary of Commerce • Secretary of Labor • Secretary of Health and Human Services • Secretary of Housing and Urban Development • Secretary of Transportation • Secretary of Energy • Secretary of Education • Secretary of Veterans Affairs • Secretary of Homeland Security
Line of Succession:
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
Presidential Roles
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
• 7 Major Roles of the President1.) Chief Executive
Carries out the nation’s laws Issues Executive Orders (rule or command the
President issues that has the force of law; usually during time of crisis)
Appoints cabinet members, ambassadors, judges, heads of govt. agencies
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The Executive Branch: The Presidency
2.) Chief Diplomat Responsible for making treaties with other countries with
Senate approval Meets with foreign leaders Can make Executive Agreements with leaders of other
countriesHas the force of law but does not require Senate
approval Responsible for appointing ambassadors with Senate
approvalAn official representative of a country’s government
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The Executive Branch:The Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief– President is final authority over all military matters
o Founding Fathers believed in civilian control over the military; person elected by the people has final say over all military matters
– President can use military in times of war or peace1957: President Eisenhower sent Federal Troops into Little Rock, Arkansas when attempts to integrate public schools led to violence between locals and police
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief , cont..
President Barrack Obama with his Joint Chiefs of Staff
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief, cont..– Stretching of this power by former Presidents
has led to legislation limiting the President’s power over the military
President Truman senttroops to fight in KoreanWar, but we never declaredWar (1950-53)
Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixonsent troops to Vietnam, but we never declared war (1954-75)
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief, cont….– 1973: War Powers Act passed by Congress
President must notify Congress when troops sent
anywhereTroops must be brought home after 60 days
unless Congress declares war, or gives approval for
troops to stay
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
4.) Political Party Leader– Supports party members in election campaigns
and helps unify the party– Appoints members of party to key govt. jobs
President Bush confers w/ Republicanmembers of Congress
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
5.) Legislative Leader– Proposes legislation and uses many tactics to get
the bill passed– Prepares the federal budget– Approves or vetoes legislation
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
6.) Judicial Leader– Appoints judges to Federal Courts and the U.S.
Supreme Court Appoints Justices whose point of view is similar to
their own
President Obama announces Mrs. Sonia Sotomayor as his nominee to the Supreme Court
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
6.) Judicial Leader, cont…• Can issue pardons, reprieves and amnesty to those convicted of federal crimes:
Pardon – declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment Reprieve – an order to delay a person’s punishment until a higher court can rule on the case (usually death sentence Commutation – substitutes a less severe punishment for the one originally imposed by the court Amnesty – same as a pardon; applies to a group of people rather than an individual
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
456 total pardons. Over 100on the day before he left office
President Carter gave amnestyto all Vietnam draft dodgers whofled to Canada
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
7.) Chief of State– Role is symbolic – President is representing
people from all 50 states– Gives a human face to American govt.– Can be demonstrated in many ways
Greeting heroesThrowing first pitches at baseball gamesInviting musicians to perform at White HouseAttending funeral of another country’s leader,
or past Presidents of U.S. Speeches and ceremonies
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency- Chief of State
President and First Ladyat Pope’s funeral and at former President Reagan’s funeral
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency
The Vice President
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency – Vice President
• Qualifications Same as the President
• Duties and Responsibilities Serves as President of the Senate (only
Constitutional duty) President delegates out many responsibilities to VP:
Taking part in Presidential Cabinet meetingHelping with Diplomatic relations with other countriesAdvising and helping President make important decisions
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency – Vice President
Vice President’s Duties and Responsibilities
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency – Vice President
• Salary and Benefits $198,000/year Receives $10,000/year for expenses Benefits similar to President’s
Free ResidenceLarge StaffVariety of personal services – Secret
Service protection
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The Executive BranchThe Presidency – Vice President
• Elections and Terms of Office Original procedure for electing a VP was:
- Electoral college members in each state voted for 2 candidates for President – candidate with most votes became President and runner up became the VP
After tie of 1800, procedure changed 12th Amendment: electoral college votes for
president and VP on separate ballots
VP term of office is not limited (although no VP has ever served more than two terms)