The FamilyDiversity, Inequality, and Social Change1st Edition

The FamilyDiversity, Inequality, and Social Change1st Edition

ChapterChapter

Lecture Slides

Slides byPhilip Cohen© 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.

A Sociology of the FamilyA Sociology of the Family

11

Laura MacIntyre

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A Sociology of the Family

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A Sociology of the Family: Genealogy

Genealogy

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A Sociology of the Family: Genealogy Definition

Genealogy• The study of ancestry and family

history

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Defining Families

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Defining Families: Families

Families

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Defining Families: Families Definition

Families• Groups of related people, bound by

connections that are biological, legal, or emotional

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Defining Families: Personal Family

The Personal Family

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Defining Families: Personal Family Definition

The Personal Family• Personal Family

The people to whom we feel related and who we expect to define us as members of their family as well

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Defining Families: The Legal Family

The Personal Family The Legal Family

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Defining Families: Legal Family

The Personal Family The Legal Family• Legal Family

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Defining Families: Legal Family Definition

The Personal Family The Legal Family• Legal Family

A group of individuals related by birth, marriage, or adoption

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Defining Families: As an Institutional Arena

The Personal Family The Legal Family The Family as an Institutional Arena

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Defining Families: Institutional Arena

The Personal Family The Legal Family The Family as an Institutional Arena• Institutional Arena

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Defining Families: Institutional Arena Definition

The Personal Family The Legal Family The Family as an Institutional Arena• Institutional Arena

A social space in which relations between people in common positions are governed by accepted rules of interaction

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Defining Families: Family Arena

The Personal Family The Legal Family The Family as an Institutional Arena• Family Arena

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Defining Families: Family Arena Definition

The Personal Family The Legal Family The Family as an Institutional Arena• Family Arena

The institutional arena where people practice intimacy, childbearing and socialization, and caring work

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Defining Families: State

The Personal Family The Legal Family The Family as an Institutional Arena• State

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Defining Families: State Definition

The Personal Family The Legal Family The Family as an Institutional Arena• State

The institutional arena where, through political means, behavior is legally regulated, violence is controlled, and resources are redistributed

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Defining Families: Market

The Personal Family The Legal Family The Family as an Institutional Arena• Market

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Defining Families: Market Definition

The Personal Family The Legal Family The Family as an Institutional Arena• Market

The institutional arena where labor for pay, economic exchange, and wealth accumulation take place

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Defining Families: Modern Institutional Arenas

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The Story behind the Numbers: Market, State, Family

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The Story behind the Numbers: Day Care

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The Story behind the Numbers: Marriage Licenses

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The Story behind the Numbers: Welfare

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How the U.S. Census Counts Families

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How the U.S. Census Counts Families: Census

Census• A periodic count of people in a

population and their characteristics, usually performed as an official government function

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How the U.S. Census Counts Families: Household

Household

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How the U.S. Census Counts Families: Household Definition

Household• A group of people that lives and eats

separately from other groups

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How the U.S. Census Counts Families: Census Family

What Is a Census Family?

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The Family in Sociological Theory

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Perspectives

Broad Perspectives

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Consensus

Broad Perspectives• Consensus

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Consensus Perspective

Broad Perspectives• Consensus

Consensus perspective: a perspective that projects an image of society as the collective expression of shared norms and values

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Breadwinner-Homemaker Family

Broad Perspectives• Consensus

Breadwinner-homemaker family: an employed father, a nonemployed mother, and their children

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Conflict

Broad Perspectives• Consensus• Conflict

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Conflict Perspective

Broad Perspectives• Consensus• Conflict

Conflict perspective: the view that opposition and conflict define a given society and are necessary for social evolution

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Theories

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Feminism

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Feminist Theory

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism

Feminist theory: a theory that seeks to understand and ultimately reduce inequality between men and women

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Socialization

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism

Socialization: the process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure in their own personalities

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Exchange

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Exchange Theory

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange

Exchange theory: the theory that individuals or groups with different resources, strengths, and weaknesses enter into mutual relationships to maximize their own gains

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Symbolic Interaction

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Symbolic Interactionism

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction

Symbolic interactionism: a theory concerned with the ability of humans to see themselves through the eyes of others and to enact social roles based on others’ expectations

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Modernity

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction• Modernity

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Modernity Theory

Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction• Modernity

Modernity theory: a theory of the historical emergence of the individual as an actor in society and how individuality changed personal and institutional relations

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The Family in Sociological Theory: First Modernity

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction• Modernity

First Modernity

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Second Modernity

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction• Modernity

First Modernity Second Modernity

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Family Wage

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction• Modernity

Family wage: the amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without having them work for pay.

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Demography

Broad Perspectives Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction• Modernity• Demography and the Life Course

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Demographic Perspective

Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction• Modernity• Demography and the Life Course

Demographic perspective: the study of how family behavior and household structures contribute to larger population processes

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Life Course Perspective

Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction• Modernity• Demography and the Life Course

Life course perspective: the study of the family trajectories of individuals and groups as they progress through their lives, in social and historical context

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The Family in Sociological Theory: Cohort

Contemporary Theories• Feminism• Exchange• Symbolic Interaction• Modernity• Demography and the Life Course

Cohort: a group of people who experience an event together at the same point in time

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Studying Families

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Studying Families: Bias

Bias

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Studying Families: Bias Definition

Bias• The tendency to impose previously

held views on the collection and interpretation of facts

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Studying Families: Sample Surveys

Sample Surveys

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Studying Families: Sample Survey Definition

Sample Surveys• Sample Survey

A research method in which identical questions are asked of many different people and their answers are gathered into one large data file.

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Studying Families: Longitudinal Surveys

Sample Surveys• Longitudinal Surveys

A research method in which the same people are interviewed repeatedly over a period of time

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Studying Families: Up Documentary

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Studying Families: Interviews and Observation

Sample Surveys In-Depth Interviews and Observation

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Studying Families: Time Use Studies

Sample Surveys In-Depth Interviews and Observation Time Use Studies

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Studying Families: Time Use Studies Definition

Sample Surveys In-Depth Interviews and Observation Time Use Studies• Time Use Studies

Surveys that collect data on how people spend their time during a sample period, such as a single day or week

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Class Activity: Time Use Study

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Class Activity Question

How much time per week do you spend on housework?

a) noneb) less than 10 hours per weekc) between 10 and 16 hours per weekd) more than 16 hours per week

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Moving On

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Review Question 1

1. The granting of marriage licenses is an example of which institutional arenas interacting?

a) state and familyb) state and marketc) family and marketd) religion and family

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Review Question 2

2. According to conflict theories, who benefits from family structures where women stay home and men work for pay?

a) women and childrenb) children and old peoplec) men and employersd) women and employers

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Review Question 3

3. Rosa thinks of her mother’s best friend, Maria, as her aunt and Maria treats Rosa as her niece. According to your textbook, Rosa and Maria could be labeled a

a) legal family.b) personal family.c) nuclear family.d) extended family,

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Review Question 4

4. According to recent feminist family theorists, which statement is true?

a) Family types are biologically determined and rarely change.

b) What’s good for some women is good for all women.

c) Men and women have very similar experiences of family life.

d) Family types are socially constructed.

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Review Question 5

5. Which theory sees people as individuals entering into mutual relationships in order to maximize their own gains?

a) exchange theoryb) feminist theoryc) conflict theoryd) symbolic interaction theory

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Review Question 6

6. For the purposes of the contemporary Census, a family

a) must occupy the same household.b) may occupy several households.c) includes a man and his family.d) includes unmarried partners.

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Review Question 7

7. The demographic perspective in family studies focus most on

a) economics in family life.b) family and household structures.c) politics in family life.d) psychological stressors among

family members.

Lecture Slides

The Family: Diversity, Inequality, and Social Change, 1st Edition

76© 2014 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.

This concludes the Lecture Slide Set for Chapter 1

by

Philip Cohen

© 2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

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