the family. the most universal social institution is the family every society organizes its members...
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The Family
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The Family The most universal social institution is the
familyEvery society organizes its members into
familiesWhat
constitutes a family varies from culture to culture
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Family SystemsA family is a group of people who are
related by marriage, blood, or adoption who often live together and
share economic resources
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Nuclear FamilyA nuclear family consists
of one or both parents and their children.
This is the most recognizable family unit in America.
There are two overlapping nuclear families:
1.Family of Orientation
2.Family of Procreation
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Family of Orientation
An individual’s family of orientation is the nuclear family into which the person is born or adopted.
This family consists of his or her brother, sisters, and parents
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Family of Procreation
When an individual marries, a new nuclear family is formed
This new family is now a family of procreation, consisting of the individual, his or her spouse and their children
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Extended FamilyAn extended family
consists of two or more generations
In an extended family, grandparents, parents, children, aunts & uncles and cousins may all live in one house or a grouping of houses
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KinshipFamilies are part of a much larger
kinship system
Kinship is a network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption
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MarriageThe set of norms that
establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals
There are no universal norms limiting the number of marriage partners an individual may have, where married couples reside, how they trace their decent, or who has authority in the family
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Marriage PatternsIn most industrial
societies, people are married to one person at a time, called monogamy
In pre-industrial societies, people are permitted to have multiple marriage partners at one time, called polygamy
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PolygamyPolygamy can take two forms:
polygyny and polyandryPolygyny is when a man is permitted to
marry more than one woman at a timePolyandry is when
a woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time
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Residential PatternsOnce individuals are married, they must decide
where to live.Patrilocality, most commonly in the world, is
when married couples are expected to live near the husband’s parents
Matrilocality is when married couples are expected to live near the wife’s parents
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Descent PatternsSocieties trace kinship in
different mannersSocieties that trace descent
through the father’s family is called patrilineal descent
Societies that trace descent through the mother’s family is called matrilineal descent
Societies that trace through both mother and father (industrial societies) are called bilateral descent
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Authority PatternsThere are three possible patterns of authority in
families:
1. Patriarchy: father holds the most authority
2. Matriarchy: mother holds the most authority
3. Egalitarian: mother & father share authority
Most societies in the world are patriarchial, although industrial societies like the USA are becoming more egalitarian.
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Functions of the Family
The most important functions of the family are:
1.Regulation of sexual activity: cannot marry or have sex with relatives
2.Reproduction: Allows societies to survive
3.Socialization: Children are taught the ways of the society
4.Economic & Emotional Security: labor is divided among members and needs of family members are met