the federal bureacracy
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THE FEDERAL BUREACRACY. Examining the “Fourth Branch”. Objectives. Identify how the federal bureaucracy functions in our government. List the characteristics of a bureaucracy. Identify different components of our bureaucracy. bureaucracy. literally means “rule by desks” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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THE FEDERAL THE FEDERAL BUREACRACYBUREACRACY
Examining the “Fourth Branch”Examining the “Fourth Branch”
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Objectives
• Identify how the federal bureaucracy functions in our government.
• List the characteristics of a bureaucracy.
• Identify different components of our bureaucracy.
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bureaucracybureaucracy
• literally means “rule by desks”
• government by clerks
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Characteristics of a Characteristics of a BureaucracyBureaucracy
• administration of government through departments
• consists of unelected often highly trained professionals
• task specialization• hierarchical authority
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Public PerceptionsPublic Perceptionsof Bureaucraciesof Bureaucracies
• impersonal
• inclined to follow rigid or complex procedures
• may stifle effectiveness and innovation
• “red tape”
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The Federal Bureaucracy is:The Federal Bureaucracy is:The Federal Bureaucracy is:The Federal Bureaucracy is:
4 million employees; 2.8 million are civilians or “civil servants”
President only appoints 3% (patronage or political appointments)
15 cabinet level departments 200+ independent agencies with 2,000+
bureaus, divisions, branches, etc. Biggest - Dept. of Defense, U.S. Postal
Service, Veterans Administration
4 million employees; 2.8 million are civilians or “civil servants”
President only appoints 3% (patronage or political appointments)
15 cabinet level departments 200+ independent agencies with 2,000+
bureaus, divisions, branches, etc. Biggest - Dept. of Defense, U.S. Postal
Service, Veterans Administration
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Functions of the Federal Functions of the Federal BureaucracyBureaucracyFunctions of the Federal Functions of the Federal BureaucracyBureaucracy
1.1. ImplementationImplementation - carry out laws of Congress, executive orders of the President
2.2. AdministrationAdministration - routine administrative work; provide services (ex: SSA sends social security checks to beneficiaries)
3.3. RegulationRegulation - issue rules and regulations that impact the public (ex: EPA sets clean air standards)
Source: http://www.pinkmonkey.com/studyguides/subjects/am_gov/chap6/a0606401.asp
1.1. ImplementationImplementation - carry out laws of Congress, executive orders of the President
2.2. AdministrationAdministration - routine administrative work; provide services (ex: SSA sends social security checks to beneficiaries)
3.3. RegulationRegulation - issue rules and regulations that impact the public (ex: EPA sets clean air standards)
Source: http://www.pinkmonkey.com/studyguides/subjects/am_gov/chap6/a0606401.asp
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The Federal BureaucracyThe Federal BureaucracyThe Federal BureaucracyThe Federal Bureaucracy
Consists of1. Cabinet Departments 2. Independent Executive Agencies3. Independent Regulatory
Commissions4. Government Corporations
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Federal Bureaucracy
President Congress
Executive Officeof the
President(Ex: OMB, NSC)
Government Corporations(Ex: Amtrack, Postal Service)
Independent Regulatory
Commissions(Ex: FCC, SEC)
Independent Executive Agencies
(Ex: CIA, NASA)
CabinetDepartments
(Ex: State, Defense)
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The Cabinet DepartmentsThe Cabinet DepartmentsThe Cabinet DepartmentsThe Cabinet Departments
• The 15 cabinet departments headed by a cabinet secretary appointed by the president and approved by the Senate
• Each department “expert” in specific policy area
• Each department has its own budget
• Department of Homeland Security, created in 2002, is newest department
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Independent Executive AgenciesIndependent Executive AgenciesIndependent Executive AgenciesIndependent Executive Agencies
• Established by Congress with separate status outside the executive branch
• Given a specific task and generally perform a service function, not a regulatory one.
• Some examples include: Social Security Administration, CIA, NASA, EPA.
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Independent Regulatory CommissionsIndependent Regulatory CommissionsIndependent Regulatory CommissionsIndependent Regulatory Commissions
• IRCs exist to regulate a specific economic activity or interest such as the Federal Communications Commission (public air waves) or Federal Reserve Board (banking system, money supply)
• IRCs operate independently from Congress and the President
• Once appointed and seated, members cannot be removed without cause
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Government CorporationsGovernment CorporationsGovernment CorporationsGovernment Corporations
• Government owned businesses created by Congress
• serve a public need
• Ex: U.S. Postal Service, Amtrak, Tennessee Valley Authority, Corporation for Public Broadcasting
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Who are the “Bureaucrats?”Who are the “Bureaucrats?”• 97% are career government employees• Only 10% live in the D.C. area• 30% work for the D.O.D.• Less than 15% work for social welfare
agencies• Most are white collar workers:
secretaries, clerks, lawyers, inspectors & engineers
• Civil employees more diverse demographically than Congress
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Where do Federal Employees Work?
Source: www.edmonds.wednet.edu/mths/ClassActivities/ Brzovic/policeymakersChapters12-16/
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What Jobs Do Bureaucrats What Jobs Do Bureaucrats Do?Do?
Source: www.edmonds.wednet.edu/mths/ClassActivities/ Brzovic/policeymakersChapters12-16/
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The President Supervises The President Supervises the Bureaucracy the Bureaucracy
The President can:
• appoint & remove appoint & remove agency agency headsheads
• reorganize the reorganize the bureaucracybureaucracy
• issue executive ordersissue executive orders
• reduce an agency's reduce an agency's budgetbudget
President Bush speaks about his budget priorities for FY 2007
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Congress Oversees the BureaucracyCongress Oversees the BureaucracyCongress can:
• create or abolish agencies & departments
• cut or reduce funding
• investigate agency activities
• pass legislation that alters an agency's functions
• influence or even fail to confirm presidential appointments
Former FEMA Chief Michael Brown testifies before
House committee investigating Hurricane Katrina