the federal republic of nigeria - world bankdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/...background the...
TRANSCRIPT
THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA
Resettlement Action Plan for Kano River Irrigation Scheme in Kano State,
Nigeria
Draft Final Report
Project Management Unit
Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING) Project
Plot 1402, Abba Kyari Street,
Off Adesoji Aderemi Street, Apo - Abuja
SFG3496 V2
Pub
lic D
iscl
osur
e A
utho
rized
Pub
lic D
iscl
osur
e A
utho
rized
Pub
lic D
iscl
osur
e A
utho
rized
Pub
lic D
iscl
osur
e A
utho
rized
Page ii of 174
Key Data Information
Background The Transforming Irrigation Management Project (TRIMING) was designed to
establish a system of co-responsibility between the Federal Government of
Nigeria and the water users where the 5 selected public irrigation systems would
become financially autonomous. Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) is one of
the five selected schemes. At KRIS, TRIMING will focus on the rehabilitation
of existing irrigation scheme infrastructures as well as the registration and
strengthening of Water Users Associations (WUAs) to become fully operational.
The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve access to irrigation and
drainage services and to strengthen institutional arrangements for integrated
water resources management, and agricultural service delivery in selected large-
scale public schemes in Northern Nigeria.
Project Impact During the rehabilitation, no houses, schools, mosques or markets will be
affected by this rehabilitation works as these have all been excluded from
the rehabilitation design. Also, No PAP will lose his/her land. They will
however be deprived access to Irrigation water for at most one farming season
being the dry season. This is anticipated to adversely affect their income and
livelihood. However, mitigation measures have been identified to compensate
for this temporary loss.
If there are crops in their fields that are not yet mature for harvest as of the time
of civil works commencement that will be affected, these families will be
compensated for the unharvested crops.
The rehabilitation work of the scheme is estimated to last 3-4 years, to be
executed in phases; sector by sector. During this period, some farmers will
suffer temporary losses (inability to irrigate) as a result of the rehabilitation
work. These losses, which vary from sector to sector will be compensated for.
Categories of
Impact and
compensation
In the sectors where rehabilitation works will take place (14,314 ha), farmers irrigate during the rainy (June to October) and dry season (November to
May). Their rainy season cultivation will not get affected in this area because it
will focus on drainage, and Canals. However, they might not be able to cultivate
at certain periods of the dry season due to interruption of water in the supply
canal or in other places. For this reason, they will be compensated. Given the
rehabilitation work will be carried out in phases, each sector will lose an average
of one planting season particularly in the dry season.
No farmer will lose his/her land however, the total number of farmer’s plots that
will be affected are 42,450 as the number of PAPs of farmers that will be
disturbed due to inability to irrigate during rehabilitation works in the course of
three to four years during the dry season. These will be compensated for
temporary loss of access to their land.
Each farmer that loses one season will be compensated the sum of N 13,000- per
0.40ha per season, unit by unit according to the farmers hydrological boundary.
These sums have been calculated on a full replacement cost based on the
prevailing inflation rate in the scheme. This means that the amount paid to
farmers will be sufficient for their livelihood for the first season. However,
every 6 month this sum will be reviewed to reflect inflation rate for subsequent
Page iii of 174
years to determine the amount due to each farmer; and where there is need to
review farmers’ entitlement upward due to inflation, this will be done
accordingly before compensation is paid.
RAP
implementation
arrangements
A Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC) will be created with the
participation of the main stakeholders (HJRBDA, WUA, local leaders,
TRIMING). The committee will receive the works plan for the upcoming 6
months from the contractor and validated by the supervising engineer. The
committee will meet twice per year:
(i) in February to evaluate the works to be done during the rainy season
from June to October and
(ii) in July to evaluate works to be done during the dry season from
November to May (main impacts on the rehabilitation area).
A list of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) will be developed by the RIC from the
RAP report after its meeting and will be disseminated at the HJRBDA, with
copies posted at the scheme project office and relevant villages. This list will
further be disclosed at the WUA level as well as by radio and other means by
the TRIMING communication unit to ensure transparency of the project so that
all farmers will know 3 months in advance if the works of the upcoming year
will impact their farms or not.
In addition, the RIC will also meet every 6 months to review and re-evaluate the
compensation cost in line with the inflation rate in the scheme for subsequent
years.
Once the list is disclosed, a simple “PAP form”(Annex 7.0) for each farmer will
be prepared so that she/he can complete it and have it signed by the (i) Project
Manager (KRIS), (ii) the WUA representatives and (iii) the relevant traditional
leader. This form will be distributed from the KRIS project office to the
representative of relevant sector WUA representative to be distributed to the
PAPs within the sectors earmarked for rehabilitation. The TRIMING Scheme
Social Safeguards Officer, with support from the HJRBDA, will assist PAPs that
cannot read or write, and will also ensure that the forms are properly prepared
and signed. The completed form with each PAP’s passport photo affixed will be
presented for final verification at the point of compensation payment.
Accordingly, people who are considered vulnerable, as identified in this RAP,
will be given any additional assistance that is deemed necessary in line with the
World Bank guidelines. Findings from site investigation revealed that each
family has an average of 0.40ha, and the compensation payment will be on an
average of N13,000 (approximately 42US$) per season.
Payment
procedure and
Schedule
Payment of compensation will be implemented upon presentation of the
completed PAPs form, duly signed by the PAP, her/his sector WUA leader,
relevant traditional ruler, KRIS project manager (or representative) and the
TRIMING project auditor. Each PAPs would be handed his or her compensation
upon clearance by the TRIMING accountant and auditor.
As this entails a large number of relatively payments of small amounts of money
every six months, disbursement of compensation to farmers will be through a
Page iv of 174
recognized local commercial bank, disbursed to farmers according to their unit
and hydrological boundary in the scheme. The exact location of disbursement of
compensation shall be determined by the RIC during their meeting which would
be communicated to each farmer through their unit WUA representative.
Regarding deceased PAPs, the entitlement shall be paid to the applicable court
of law for disbursement to the family of the deceased in line with Islamic
injunction as being practised in the communities that comprise the KRIS.
Likewise entitlement due to orphans will be disbursed to the recognized
guardian or the household head responsible for custody of the orphan.
Given many PAPs do not have bank accounts a series of financial literacy
workshops will be delivered to PAPs in order to ensure that people are able to
maximise their compensation wisely.
In compliance with World Bank safeguards, farmers must be compensated
before works start. Therefore, for the works during the dry season (November –
May), farmers should get compensation in August-September.
After disbursement of compensation to PAPs, each PAPs form, and photograph
of beneficiary will be kept by the TRIMING office, the KRIS project office and
the commercial bank representative.
The estimated compensation cost for all the sectors where the rehabilitation and
completion works will be carried out is ₦481,199,176.70 (USD1,527,616.43)@
N315 per USD$1).
During consultation with the design consultant and the KRIS project team, it
was suggested that work commence on smaller sectors before the bigger sectors
to guard against losing two seasons in sectors that had been envisaged to lose
only one season.
Grievance
Redress
Mechanism
(GRM)
A GRM process was developed out of extensive consultation with all potential
project affected persons, during which affected persons were made aware of the
provisions under the RAP for addressing any complaint, grievance or dispute
arising from the RAP implementation in a transparent, credible and culturally
acceptable manner.
The first point of call for resolving grievance is at the unit level Water User
Association (contact person). If redress at this level fails, the sector level Water
User Association will intervene to resolve it. If resolution is achieved at this
level, the grievance case will be closed. If not, it shall be referred to the scheme
level social and environmental officer who then decides where the case should
go for resolution.
An aggrieved PAP files his/her complaint at the respective level (unit WUA and
Sector WUA) verbally, in writing, by telephone call or SMS to the publicized
relevant applicable phone number at each level. Written complaint will be
signed and dated in a complaint log book. TRIMING scheme level Social
Safeguard officer, supported by the WUA representative and KRIS project team
will ensure the correctness of the complaint / grievance and ensure resolution is
reached.
Page v of 174
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................. v
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... xii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... xiii
DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS ....................................................................................... xviii
BAYANI A TAKAICE.......................................................................................................... xxii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... xxxvii
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.0 Background ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Need for Resettlement Action Plan ............................................................................. 2
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the RAP .................................................................................. 3
1.3 Scope and Task of the RAP......................................................................................... 3
1.4 Guiding Principles for the RAP .................................................................................. 4
1.5 Approach/Methodology of RAP Preparation .............................................................. 4
1.6 Avoidance / Minimization of Resettlement ................................................................ 6
1.7 Design / Rehabilitation Criteria................................................................................... 6
1.8 RAP Reporting Format................................................................................................ 8
CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................................... 9
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT.................................................................................................. 9
2.0 Project Area ................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 Proposed Rehabilitation Works for the Main Canal and Associated Structures ...... 12
2.3 Potential Project Impacts .......................................................................................... 14
2.4 Settlement and Governance Structure ...................................................................... 20
2.5 Social Amenities in the KRIS Area......................................................................... 22
Page vi of 174
2.6 Land Tenure and Ownership in KRIS ..................................................................... 23
2.7 Farm Governance ..................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................. 27
CENSUS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY .................................................................... 27
3.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 27
3.1 Objectives of the Survey and Census of PAPs ......................................................... 27
3.2 Census Cut-Off Date ................................................................................................ 27
3.3 Data Analyses and Interpretation ............................................................................. 28
3.3.1 Analysis of Persons (Respondents) Interviewed .................................................. 28
3.3.1.2 Gender of Affected Households........................................................................ 35
3.3.1.4 Marital status of respondents ............................................................................ 37
3.3.1.5 Religion of respondents .................................................................................... 37
3.3.1.7 Average income of respondents ........................................................................ 38
3.3.1.8 Type of persons affected ................................................................................... 39
3.3.1.9 Identity of Affected Asset ................................................................................ 41
3.3.1.10 Owner of Asset Affected ....................................................................................... 41
3.3.1.11 Conflict in the Communities ................................................................................ 41
3.3.1.12 Sale of Farm Produce ........................................................................................... 41
3.3.1.13 Education .............................................................................................................. 42
3.3.1.14 Farm Holding ....................................................................................................... 42
3.3.1.15 Land Acquisition at the Scheme........................................................................... 43
3.3.1.16 Impact of the Scheme on Farmers Activities ....................................................... 43
3.3.1.17 Access to Finance/Credit by Farmers................................................................... 43
3.3.1.18 Enablement of Farmers by the Scheme ................................................................ 43
3.3.1.19 Income from irrigation agriculture vs. other sources ........................................... 43
CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................... 44
Page vii of 174
IMPACT OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................................. 44
4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 44
4.1 Components or activities that require resettlement or restriction of access .............. 44
4.2 Number and Type of Affected Persons ..................................................................... 44
4.3 Delineation of Impact Zone....................................................................................... 50
4.4 Benefit of the Project................................................................................................. 51
4.5 Negative Impact of the Project .................................................................................. 52
4.6 Potentially Affected Assets ....................................................................................... 52
4.7 Categories of Losses/Impact ..................................................................................... 52
4.8 Inventory of Impacted Assets .................................................................................... 52
4.8.1 Impact on Land ...................................................................................................... 52
4.8.2 Impact on Structures .............................................................................................. 52
4.8.3 Impact on Agricultural Resources (Crops) ............................................................ 53
4.8.4 Impact on Utilities ................................................................................................. 53
4.8.5 Impact on Social Networks.................................................................................... 53
4.8.6 Impact on Cultural Heritage and Worship Place ................................................... 54
4.8.7 Impact on Vulnerable Groups ................................................................................ 54
4.8.8 Response on willingness to be part of the Project ................................................. 54
4.9 Potential Relocation Areas ........................................................................................ 54
4.10 Project Affected Persons ........................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER FIVE ..................................................................................................................... 55
EXISTING LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................... 55
5.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 55
5.1 Land Tenure Arrangements in the Project Areas ...................................................... 55
5.2 Agricultural Land Policy ........................................................................................... 55
5.3 Nigeria Land Use Act and World Bank OP4.12 – A Comparison ............................ 56
Page viii of 174
5.4 Entitlement Matrix for Various Categories of PAPs ................................................. 58
5.5 Eligibility Criteria ..................................................................................................... 59
5.6 Unit of Entitlement .................................................................................................... 60
5.7 Eligible Parties .......................................................................................................... 60
5.7.1 Rights to Land ...................................................................................................... 60
5.7.2 Claims to Land...................................................................................................... 61
5.7.3 Eligible Communities ............................................................................................ 61
5.8 Non-Eligible APs ...................................................................................................... 61
5.8.1 No Rights or Claims to Land ................................................................................ 61
5.8.2 In-Eligible Legacy Issues ...................................................................................... 61
5.9 Adult Offspring and Entitlements ............................................................................. 62
5.10 Women and Children Entitlement ............................................................................. 62
CHAPTER SIX ........................................................................................................................ 63
VALUATION AND COMPENSATION AND OTHER RESETTLEMENT ASSISTANCE
.................................................................................................................................................. 63
6.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 63
6.1 Valuation Methodology............................................................................................. 63
6.1.1 Replacement Cost and Damage & Loss Assessment Methodology ...................... 63
6.2 Valuation – Cost of agricultural/Crop production..................................................... 64
6.3 Compensation Rate- Guidelines for Temporary Acquisition of Assets .................... 66
6.4 Resettlement Measures – Options ............................................................................. 67
6.5. Specific consideration on Resettlement Measures in the Rehabilitation Works Area
67
6.6 Modes of Restitution ................................................................................................ 68
6.7 Compensation Payment and Procedures for Delivery of Compensation .................. 68
6.8 Income Restoration Strategy –Alternatives............................................................... 69
6.8.1 Livelihood Restoration .......................................................................................... 70
Page ix of 174
6.8.1.1 Livelihood Enhancement and Community Empowerment Program ..................... 70
6.8.2 Agricultural Improvement Program ...................................................................... 71
6.9 Vulnerable Programme ............................................................................................. 71
6.10 Gender-Specific Actions ........................................................................................... 71
6.11 Protection of Cultural Heritage and Worship Place .................................................. 72
6.12 Provision of Amenities for the Community .............................................................. 72
6.13 Environmental Protection and Occupational Health Management ........................... 72
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS ........................................................ 73
7.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 73
7.1 The Need for Stakeholders Involvement ................................................................... 73
7.2 Core Values for Public Participation ......................................................................... 74
7.3 Basic Principles for the Public Consultation ............................................................. 74
7.4 Public Consultation and Management process.......................................................... 75
7.5 The Stakeholders ....................................................................................................... 76
7.6 Gender Considerations in Consultation..................................................................... 78
7.7 Stakeholder Engagement ........................................................................................... 79
7.8 Providing Stakeholders Opportunity to Participate ................................................... 82
7.9 Engagement Strategies .............................................................................................. 83
7.9.1 Entry into the community ...................................................................................... 83
7.9.2 Private Visits and Telephone calls......................................................................... 84
7.9.3 Person-to-person or small-group/focus group consultation ................................... 84
7.9.4 Letters of invitation ............................................................................................... 84
7.9.5 Advertising and media announcements ................................................................. 84
7.9.6 Public Events ......................................................................................................... 84
7.9.7 Obtaining issues for Evaluation and Suggestions for Alternatives ....................... 85
7.9.8 Verification that Issues have been Captured and Considered ............................... 85
Page x of 174
7.10 Discussion with Stakeholders and Summary of Outcome Conclusion ..................... 85
7.11 RAP Implementation - Communication Strategy ..................................................... 88
7.11.1 Information Dissemination .................................................................................... 88
7.11.2 Communication Strategy ....................................................................................... 89
7.12 Documentation of Stakeholder Involvement and other Evidential Indication ........... 89
RAP IMPLEMENTATION – INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ................................... 91
8.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 91
8.1 Organizational Arrangement ..................................................................................... 91
8.2 Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC)....................................................... 91
8.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the RIC ................................................................... 92
8.3 Composition of the Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC) ....................... 92
8.4 Existing Capability and Proposed capacity building for RIC ................................... 94
8.5 Budget and cost ......................................................................................................... 96
8.5.1 Budget and Cost Estimate ...................................................................................... 96
8.5.2 Financial Responsibility and Authority....................................................................... 97
8.6 Implementation Schedule .......................................................................................... 97
8.6.1 Compensation Payment Arrangement and Schedule .................................................. 98
8.6.2 Coordination with Civil Works –Principles of RAP Implementation ................. 104
8.6.3 Green Light Conditions ....................................................................................... 105
8.7 Prolonged Implementation Delays .......................................................................... 105
CHAPTER NINE ................................................................................................................... 106
GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................ 106
9.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 106
9.1 The Need for Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ............................................ 106
9.2 Grievance Redress Process...................................................................................... 106
9.3 Management of Reported Grievances ........................................................................ 108
Page xi of 174
9.4 Grievance Log and Response Time ........................................................................... 108
9.5 Monitoring Complaints ........................................................................................... 109
CHAPTER TEN..................................................................................................................... 110
MONITORING AND EVALUATION ................................................................................. 110
10.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 110
10.1 Purpose of Monitoring ............................................................................................ 110
10.2 Monitoring Framework (Internal and External) ...................................................... 111
10.2.1 Internal monitoring .............................................................................................. 111
10.2.2 External Monitoring/Evaluation .......................................................................... 112
10.3 Annual External Audit ............................................................................................... 113
10.4 Indicators to Monitor ............................................................................................... 115
10.5 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 117
10.6 Completion Audit ..................................................................................................... 117
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 118
LIST OF ANNEXES ............................................................................................................. 120
Annex 1.0: Attendance Log of Participants in KRIP RAP Stake Holders Meeting (4th
September 2016) ................................................................................................................ 120
Annex 2.0: Summary of Women in Farming Concern and Needs..................................... 120
Annex 3.0: Letter of Invitation to Water Users Association (WUA) and District Heads .. 120
Annex 4.0: Community Representatives of Farmers ......................................................... 120
Annex 5.0: PAPs Register .................................................................................................. 120
Annex6.0: KRIS Sector MAPs showing land holdings and identification number .......... 120
Annex 7.0: KRIS Resettlement Action Plan – PAPs Information Form ........................... 120
Page xii of 174
LIST OF TABLES
Table1. 1: Phases for Preparing the RAP................................................................................... 4
Table2. 1: List of Sectors Proposed for Rehabilitation/Completion under TRIMING Project15
Table2. 2: Villages around the West Sectors ........................................................................... 21
Table2. 3: Villages around the East Sectors ............................................................................ 21
Table3. 1: Summary table of socio economic characteristics of the respondents from the
KRIS East and West Sectors .................................................................................................... 30
Table3. 2: Average seasonal income of respondents ............................................................... 38
Table3. 3: Market around the Kano River Irrigation Scheme ................................................. 42
Table4. 1: Statistical Summary of PAPS ................................................................................ 44
Table4. 2: Summary of Government Land ............................................................................. 46
Table4. 3: Status of PAPs ....................................................................................................... 46
Table4. 4: Suggested KRIS Rehabilitation Work Plan ........................................................... 48
Table4. 5: Type of Affected Person ........................................................................................ 48
Table4. 6: Agricultural Resource Impacted ............................................................................. 53
Table5. 1: Land Use Act and World Bank OP 4.12 - A Comparison .......................................... 56
Table5. 2: The Entitlement Matrix for Various Categories of PAPs ............................................ 58
Table6. 1: Market Survey of an Ha for a Planting Season in Naira (₦) .................................. 64
Table6. 2: Average Crop Yield and Prices .............................................................................. 65
Table6. 3: Cost Rate for the Affected Structures ..................................................................... 66
Table6. 4: Compensation Rate Guidelines for Temporary Acquisition of Assets ................... 67
Table7. 1: Summary of categories of stakeholders consulted within the KRIS ...................... 77
Table7. 2: Queries/Observation and the response given to the Stakeholders .......................... 86
Table7. 3: Stakeholder Engagement and Communication Process ......................................... 89
Table8. 1: Suggested Names of Resettlement for Implementation Committee Members. ...... 92
Table8. 2: RIC members Roles and Responsibilities............................................................... 93
Table8. 3: Awareness and Capacity Building Needs for RIC and other Relevant Stakeholders
.................................................................................................................................................. 95
Table8. 4: Budget Estimate for the RAP Implementation ....................................................... 96
Table8. 5: Suggested KRIS rehabilitation work plan ............................................................ 101
Table8. 6: Major Component Tasks and Schedule for the RAP ............................................ 103
Table9. 1: Grievance Procedures Steps ................................................................................. 107
Table9. 2: A Typical Reporting Format for Grievance Redress ............................................ 108
Page xiii of 174
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2. 1: KRIS Project Map in Kano State Context ............................................................. 9
Figure 2. 2: Kano River Irrigation Scheme Project Area........................................................ 10
Figure 2. 3: Ruwan Kanya Reservoir ...................................................................................... 11
Figure 2. 4: Map Showing the Study Area ............................................................................. 14
Figure 2. 5: Irrigated Rice Farms with Rice and Upland Maize Farms .................................. 17
Figure 2. 6: Sand Mining Activities ........................................................................................ 18
Figure 2. 8: Livestock Farming ............................................................................................... 18
Figure 2. 9: Women in harvesting of Rice .............................................................................. 19
Figure 2.10: Women Participation in Consultation at Bunkure and Kura ............................... 19
Figure2. 11: Migratory Fulani Settlement. .............................................................................. 20
Figure3. 1: ODK Platform ....................................................................................................... 29
Figure3. 2: Age distribution of households.............................................................................. 35
Figure3. 3: Chart showing gender distribution of household of respondents .......................... 36
Figure3. 4: Chart showing main occupational distribution of respondents ............................. 36
Figure3. 5: Chart showing distribution of secondary occupation of respondents.................... 37
Figure3. 6: Marital status of Respondents ............................................................................... 37
Figure3. 7: Religious distribution of respondents .................................................................... 38
Figure3. 8: Average Seasonal Income from Various Occupations .......................................... 39
Figure3. 9: Distribution of terminal illness among households of PAPs ................................. 40
Figure3. 10: Distribution of physical challenges among households of PAPs ........................ 40
Figure3. 11: Distribution of common diseases suffered among households of PAPs ............ 41
Figure3. 12: Highest educational levels of household members of PAPs ............................... 42
Figure4. 1: Ticket showing farm unique identification number .............................................. 52
Figure6. 1: Process for payment of compensation ................................................................... 69
Figure7. 1: Actions Adopted For Managing Public Consultation ........................................... 76
Figure7. 2: Women Participation in Consultation at Bunkure and Kura ................................. 79
Figure7. 3: Stakeholders Consultation with MD representative – Mr. Badamasi, HJRBDA
and APM, KRIS ....................................................................................................................... 80
Figure7. 4: Consultation with Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority ... 80
Figure7. 5: Consultation with HJRBDA, Bunkure and Manager, Tambulawa Water
Treatment Plant ........................................................................................................................ 81
Figure7. 6: Consultation with District Traditional Rulers ....................................................... 81
Figure7. 7: Consultations with East Branch Canal Water Sectors Stakeholders Bunkure ...... 81
Figure7. 8: Consultation with West Branch Water Users Association/Farmers at the Kura
Project Office ........................................................................................................................... 82
Figure7. 9: Consultation with Farmers and Community Leaders of KRIS at the Kano State
Informatics Institute ................................................................................................................. 82
Figure8. 1: Flowchart for Compensation Payment Arrangements & Schedule ..................... 100
Figure8. 2: Flow Chart of RAP Implementation ................................................................... 104
Page xiv of 174
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ADP Agricultural Development Program
AfDB African Development Bank
ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
ARCN Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria
ATA Agricultural Transformation Agenda
ATIC Agriculture Transformation Implementation Council
AWF African Water Facility
BES Budget Execution System
BIS Bakolori Irrigation Scheme
BIP Bakolori Irrigation Project
BOA Bank of Agriculture
BP Business Policy
BP Bank Policy
CADP Commercial Agriculture Development Project
CAN Community Needs Assessment
CBN Central Bank of Nigeria
CBO Community Based Organization
CDD Community-Driven Development
CLO Community Liaison Officer
CPS Country Partnership Strategy
CSO Civil Society Organization
DaLA Damage and Loss Assessment
DKIP DadinKowa Irrigation Project
DROD Dams & Reservoir Operations Department
EA Environmental Assessment
EAP Emergency Preparedness Action Plan
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EFCC Economic and Financial Crimes Commission
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FGN Federal Government of Nigeria
FMARD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
FMC Farmers’ Management and Service Delivery Center
FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment
FMWR Federal Ministry of Water Resources
FSLC First School Leaving Certificate
GCE General Certificate in Education
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GIFMIS Government Integrated Financial Management Information System
GIS Geographic Information System
Page xv of 174
GNP Gross National Product
GoN Government of Nigeria
GPS Global Positioning System
Ha Hectare
HA Hydrological Area
HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
H-JKYB Hadejia-Jama’are-Komadougou–Yobe Basin
HNW Hadeija-Nguru Wetlands
HVIP Hadejia-Jama’are Valley Irrigation Project
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (official name of The
World Bank)
ICT Information and Communications Technology
IDA International Development Association
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IMA Irrigation Management Association
IMF International Monetary Fund
IPF Investment Project Financing
ISP Implementation Support Plan
ISR Implementation Status Report
ITRC Irrigation Training Research Center
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature
IWMI International Water Management Institute
IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management
IWUA Irrigated Water Users Association
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
KRIP Kano River Irrigation Project
LB Land Bureau
LDP Letter of Development Policy
LGA Local Government Area
LGCs Local Government Councils
LGs Local Governments
LRC Local Resettlement Committee
LSMS Living Standard Measurement Study
LUA Land Use Act
LUAC Land Use Allocation Committee
LVO Land Valuation Office
M &E Monitoring and Evaluation
MCM Million Cubic Meter
MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies
MDG United Nations Millennium Development Goal
MGM Matching Grant Mechanism
MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency
MIS Management Information System
MOE State Ministry of Environment
MOF Ministry of Finance
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MoW Ministry of Works
MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework
Page xvi of 174
NIMET National Meteorological Agency
NBA Niger Basin Authority
NBS National Bureau of Statistics
NCA National Council on Agriculture
NCB National Competitive Bidding
NCWR National Council on Water Resources
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development
NEWMAP Nigeria and Watershed Management Project
NIC National Irrigation Commission
NIHSA Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency
NIMET Nigeria Meteorological Agency
NIP National Implementation Plan
NIPN National Irrigation Policy for Nigeria
NIRSAL Nigerian Incentive-based Risk Sharing for Agricultural Lending
NIWRMC Nigeria Water Resources Management Commission
NPC National Project Coordinator
O&M Operations and Maintenance
OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank)
OM Operational Manual
OP Operational Policy
OPs Operational Policies (of the World Bank)
ORAF Operational Risk Assessment Framework
OSH Occupational Safety and Health
OVC Orphans and Vulnerable Children
PAD Project Appraisal Document
PAP Project Affected Person
PAPs Project Affected Persons
PCA Project Command Area
PDO Project Development Objective
PER Public Expenditure Review
PFM Public Financial Management
PHRD Japan Policy and Human Resources Development Trust Fund
PID Project Information Document
PIM Participatory Irrigation Management
PIU Project Implementation Unit
PLC Public Limited Company
PLWD People Living With Disability
PLWHA People Living With HIV and AIDS
PMU Project Management Unit
PoE Panel of Experts
PPP Public-Private Partnerships
PPUD Physical Planning and Urban Development
PRAMS Procurement Risk Assessment and Management System
PREM Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network
PSC Project Steering Committee
PWD Public Works Department
R&D Research and Development
RAMP II Nigeria’s Rural Access and Mobility Project
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
Page xvii of 174
RBDA River Basin Development Authority
RBMC River Basin Management Commission
RIC RAP Implementation Committee
ROSC Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes
ROSPIN Review of the Public Irrigation Sector In Nigeria
RoW Right of Way
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
RRF Resettlement and Rehabilitation Framework
RTGS Real Time Gross Processing System
SBD Standard Bidding Document
SCPZ Staple Crop Processing Zones
SDR Special Drawing Rights
SESA Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment
SFPZ Staple Food Processing Zones
SIL Specific Investment Loan
SoSP Statement of Sector Policy
SPMU State Project Implementation Unit
SPRI Small-scale Private Irrigation Schemes
SRFP Standard Request for Proposal
SRRBA Sokoto-Rima River Basin Authority
S-RSB Sokoto-Rima Sub-Basin
STD Sexually Transmitted Disease
STI Sexually Transmitted Infection
TA Technical Assistance
TAC Technical Advisory Committee
ToR Terms of Reference
TRIMING Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria
WUAF Water User Association Federation
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing
WB The World Bank
WGS World Geodetic System
WHO World Health Organization
WRB Water Resources Bill
WRC Water Regulatory Commission
WUA Water Users’ Association
Page xviii of 174
ARAP
UNITS OF MEASURE
1 ha Hectare
2 m Meter
3 m2 Squared meter
5 km Kilometer
6 km2 Squared kilometer
7 t Ton
8 yr. Year
DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS
S/N Term Definition
1 Compensation Payment in cash or kind for an asset or resource that is acquired or
affected by a project at the time the asset needs to be replaced.
2 Cropping
System
Cropping system Pattern of arrangement of crops in the field - sole cropping or
sharecropping or mixed cropping
3 Cut-off-date
Date of completion of the census and assets inventory of persons
affected by the project. People occupying the area after the cut-off
date are not eligible for compensation and/or resettlement assistance.
Similarly, fixed assets, fruit trees etc. established after the date of
completion of the census will not be compensated.
4 Displaced
Persons
Affected persons by a project through land acquisition, relocation, or
loss of incomes and includes any person, household, firms, or public
or private institutions who as a result of a project would have their;
Standard of living adversely affected; Right, title or interest in all or
any part of a house, land (including residential, commercial,
agricultural, plantations, forest and grazing land) or any other
moveable or fixed assets acquired or possessed, in full or in part,
permanently or temporarily adversely affected; or Business,
occupation, place of work, residence, habitat or access to forest or
community resources adversely affected, with or without
displacement.
5 Displacement Removal of people from their land, homes, farms, etc. as a result of a project's activities. Displacement occurs during the (1) involuntary taking of lands resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter (ii) loss of assets or access to assets (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood whether or not the affected persons must move to another location or (2) involuntary restriction of access to legally designated
Page xix of 174
Parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of PAPs.
6 Economic
Resettlement
Loss of assets (including land) or access to assets that leads to loss of
income sources or means of livelihood as a result of project-related land
acquisition or restriction of access to natural resources. People or
enterprises may be economically displaced with or without experiencing
physical displacement
7 Fadama Hausa term for low-lying irrigable land subject to seasonal flooding
along stream banks or depressions
8 Grievance
Procedure
The processes established (a) under law, local regulations, or administrative decision to enable property owners and other displaced persons to redress issues related to acquisition, compensation, or other aspects of resettlement, as well as (b) specific grievance processes put in place as part of the design of a project.
9 Household
Is the unit which includes all members living under the authority of a
household head, they are both family members and other dependants.
Under the Land Act, a household would be members of the family
whose consent would be required in case of alienation or undertaking
any transaction on the family residential land. These members should
ordinarily reside on the land. These members typically include the
household head, one or several spouses, children and other members
of the larger family, tenants, and employee.
10 Involuntary
Resettlement
(i) Resettlement is involuntary when it occurs without the informed
consent of the displaced persons or if they give their consent without
having the power or recourse to refuse resettlement.
11 Land
acquisition
The process whereby a person or household is involuntarily alienated
from all or part of the land s/he owns or possesses, to the ownership
and possession of a project for public purposes, in return for fair
compensation.
12 Land-Owner
An individual/household/institution recognized as owning land either
by customary tenure, freehold tenure, or leasehold including
customary occupants of former public land.
13 Land tenure Land ownership arrangements amongst a people - land owned by the
community/individual.
14 Physical
Resettlement
Loss of dwelling or business as a result of project-related land
acquisition, which requires the affected person(s) to move to another
location. Physical displacement of businesses typically entails
Page xx of 174
economic displacement too
15 Project-
Affected Area
Is the area where the Project may cause direct or indirect impacts to
the environment and the residents.
16 Project-
Affected
Person
Any person who, as a result of the implementation of TRIMING, loses
the right to own use or otherwise benefit from a built structure,
land(residential, agricultural or pasture) annual or perennial crops and
trees or any other fixed or moveable asset, either in full or in part,
permanently or temporarily.
17 Rehabilitation
activity
The proposed development activities by TRIMING which includes the
rehabilitation and conversion of the present irrigation system from
sprinkler to gravity irrigation system
18 Rehabilitation
Assistance
The provision of development assistance in addition to compensation such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities, needed to enable Project Affected Persons and Displaced Persons to improve their living standards, income earning capacity and production levels; or at least maintain them at pre-Project levels
19 Relocation The physical moving of PAPs from their pre-project place or
residence, place for work or business premises.
20 Replacement
Cost
The rate of compensation for lost assets must be calculated at full
replacement cost. This means the current market value of the assets
plus transaction costs. Regarding agricultural land this would mean
that compensation for agricultural land is equal to the market value of
land of equal productive use or potential of the affected land, plus the
cost of preparation to levels similar or better than those of the affected
land plus the costs of any registration and transfer taxes.
21 Resettlement
Action Plan
The time-bound action plan with budget setting out resettlement
strategy, objectives, entitlements, actions, responsibilities, monitoring
and evaluation.
22 Resettlement
Impacts
The direct physical and socio-economic impacts of resettlement
activities in the project and host areas.
Refers not just to the physical displacement of people, but also covers
taking land that results in the relocation or loss of shelter, loss of
assets or access to assets, and/or Loss of sources of income or means
of livelihood (OP 4.12, paragraph 3)...
23 Resettlement
Policy
Framework
A resettlement policy framework is required for projects with
subprojects or multiple components that cannot be identified before
project approval. This instrument may also be appropriate where there
Page xxi of 174
are valid reasons for delaying the implementation of the resettlement,
provided that the implementing party provides an appropriate and
concrete commitment for its future Implementation. The policy
framework should be consistent with the principles and objectives of
OP 4.12 of the World Bank.
24 Census This is 100% enumeration and registration of all people and assets that
are affected by land acquisition and resettlement. The census provides
vital information for accurate compensation and the RAP.
Page xxii of 174
BAYANI A TAKAICE
Gabatarwa
Gabatarwa: Tarayyar Najeriya ta na shinfida wani shirin inganta noman rani da a ke kira
TRIMING a taakaice wanda babban bankin duniya ya aminta da shi ranar 19 ga watan Yuni
na 2014. Makasudin wannan shirin shi ne inganta ayyukan noman rani da bayar da dama
domin samun hidimomi na musamman kamar samar da isasshen ruwa da karfafa hulda
tsakanin hukumomi daban-daban domin kulawa da harkokin noma a manya-manyan
madatsun ruwa da a ka zaba a Arewacin Najeriya.
Shirin noman rani na Kogin Kano na daya daga cikin wadannan manyan madatsun ruwa da a
ka zaba domin ingantawa. A na sa ran za’a inganta kadada misalign 14,314 domin ayyukan
noman rani daban-daban lokacin ruwan sama da kuma lokacin ayyukan noman rani.
Wadannan yawan kadada na cikin bayanan bincike-bincike da a ka gabatar inda a ka yi
binciken kwakwaf a kan ruwa. An yi yarjejeniya da ma su ruwa da tsaki a kan daidaito da
adalci a kan anfani da kuma raba ruwa da sauran was hidimomin da su ka shafi ayyukan
noman rani.
Shirin inganta noman rani na TRIMING na a mataki na rukunin ‘A’. Wannan shirin ya
zakulo wasu tsare-tsare guda bakwai na kiyayewa na babban bankin duniya kamar haka:
bincike a kan muhalli, (OP 4.01), inganta lafiyar madatsun ruwa (OP 4.37), halittu daban-
daban (OP 4.04), sauya muhalli (OP 4.12) – bayani ya gabata a sama, albarkatun da ke a fili
na al’adu (OP 4.11), Kulawa da magunguna (OP 4.09), da kuma shirye-shirye a kan tsarin
hanyoyin ruwa da ya dace da tsarin duniya (OP 7.50).
Domin samun cikakkiyar kulawa ga muhalli da zamantakewar al’umma da suaye-sauyen
muhallai, akwai bukatar ababen kulawa da kiyayewa kamar haka: tsarin sauya muhallai
(RPF), tsarin kulawa da kiyaye muhallai da zamantakewa (ESMF) and kuma tsarin
magunguna (PMP) duk an shirya su a ciki da wajen kasa a kan tsarin babban bankin duniya.
Wadannan tsare-tsaren an yi su ne domin fayyacewar tsarin kulawa na musamman a wuraren
ayyuka. Manyan ababen da a ke bukata da kuma su ka dace da wannan tsari su ne tsarin
sauya muhallai (RAP) a kan tsarin RPF da kuma bincike-bincike a kan muhallai da
zamantakewa, tsarin kulawa da muhallai da zamantakewa (ESMP) a kan tsarin ESMF,
wanda ya dogara a kan mizanin tasirin da zai iya faruwa a bangarori daban-daban na shirin
inganta noman rani da kuma tsarin kulawa da magunguna (PMP).
Saboda ayyuakan da za’a gabatar a KRIS, an yi has ashen cewa gyare-gyaren da za’a yi da
su ka hada da hanyoyi da sauran kayan ayyukan noman rani, da inganta wuraren da ba’a
noman rani a karkashin shirin, akwai manoman da abin zai shafa kuma wasu daga cikin su
za’a dagatar da su ko hana su ayyukan su kamar yadda su ka saba. Amma wannan ba ya na
nufin za’a karbe gonakin manoma ba. Wannan dakatarwa ta dan lokaci a na tunanin za ta
shafi harkokin neman abincin manoma a kalla na zangon aikin noma daya. A lokacin
ayyukan da za’a yi, za’a biya manoma diyyar gonaki da kayan noman su.
Bukatar tsarin sauya muhallan noma
A karkashin sabon shirin inganta noman rani na TRIMING, mutane ba za su jure damuwa ba
sanadiyyar ayyukan. Wadanda aikin ya shafa (PAPs) dole ne su anfana da garabasar aikin da
Page xxiii of 174
za’a yi kuma ya inganta rayuwar sub a kamar yadda ta ke a bay aba. Saboda haka al’ummar
da abin ya shafa a na bukatar su bayar da goyon baya domin nasarar wannan tsarin na RAP,
tsarin taswirar aiki da kuma dabbakawa da kuma karbar ragamar aikin idan a ka kamalla
gaba daya. Wannan ya na bukatar tantancewar yanayin zamantakewa da kuma kamfanin da
zai yi aiki domin tabbatar da cewa ba’a bar wani abu da ya kamata a saka a ciki ba.
Wannan tsarin na RAP zai kula ne kawai da wadan da aiki zai shafa kuma a ka tabbatar da
gaskiyar hakan bayan an bi duk hanyoyin da su ka kamata domin kaucewa abin da zai janyo
mu su damuwa. Haka kuma, tsarin ya bayyana ka’idojin da ya kamata a bi domin rage
radadin damuwar da mutanen da aikin zai shafa.
Ayyukan inganta noman rani a KRIS sun cika duk ka’idojin babban bankin duniya da su ka
shafi shirin sauya muhalli (OP4.12). Wannan tsari ne da zai tabbatar da cewa duk wanda
wannan aiki ya shafa ko ya kawo mi shi matsala zai sami diyyar da za ta inganta rayuwar shi.
Kaucewa ko Rage yawan sauyawar muhalli
A na bukatar a yi iya kokarin kaucewa ko rage yawan sauyawar muhalli idan da hali.
Wadannan su ne hanyoyi daga cikin shirin TRIMING na kaucewa ko rage yawan sauyawar
muhallai:
Tsare-tsare da kuma tuntubar ma su ruwa da tsaki
Tabbatar da cewa an sanya al’ummun da abin ya shafa a cikin tsarin shirin
Samar da makiyaya da burtalai
Tabbatar da cewa kowace sektar ba ta wuce kadada dubu biyu ba a tsarin noman rani
domin inganta tabbatar da adalci
Samar da isasshen ruwa ga kowa domin kaucewa tarnaki
Samar da damar kasancewar manoma a matsayin mai mallakar gona a matsayin sufari
Tsarin ya kasance ba mai kawo damuwa sosai ba, ko da hakan ta faru ya kasance na dan
lokaci
Manufa da makasudan tsarin RAP
Wannan tsarin da TRIMING ta fito da shi na RAP zai kasance wani dabtari da ya fayyace
tsarin biyan diyar hana aiki da sauya muhallai domin cimma muradun Babban Bankin duniya
(WB OP 4.12), wanda ya shafi binciken tasiri da ire-iren biyan diyyar da za’a yi ga wadanda
za’a dakatar daga aikin su kuma zai kasance gwargwadon kimada yawan kadarar da abin zai
shafa wadda manomi zai iya rasawa. Haka wannan ya kunshi yin tsarin kasafi na musamman
domin tabbatarwa da sauran su.
Kai tsaye an shirya tsarin RAP domin:
Zakulo adadin wadan da aikin zai shafa a kuma tabbatar da lallai shafar za ta shiga
hakkin su da nemo dabarun kaucewa haka ko ragewa
Shirya wani tsari da za’a tabbatar domin sauyawa manoma wurare da biyan diyyar
da ta dace a bisa tsarin da babban bankin duniya ya aminta da shi
A tabbatar da an yi komai a fili ba boye-boye
A tabbatar da wani tsari ingantacce na rage damuwa ga wadan da za’a dagatar na
dan lokaci ko kuma wadan da mai yiyuwa za su yi hasarar gonakin su a sanadiyyar
wannan aiki na TRIMING
Page xxiv of 174
Bayani a kan wuraren da abin ya shafa
Kogin Kano (KRIS) ya na a kan fadin rukunin gurbin murabba’i 11045 da kuma 12005 na
Ikwaito daga arewa da kuma murabba’in tsawo a kan awo 08045 da 09005 daga gabas da
tsarin GMT. Kogin ya na da yawan tsawon kasar da ya kai nesan kilomita ashirin da biyar
(25km) daga kudu da birnin Kano kuma mafi yawan kasar ta noman rani ce kuma ta shinfidu
a sassa biyu da hanyar Kano zuwa Zaria wato babban titin Karfi zuwa Rano. An shirya
wannan shiyar noma domin noman rani na malale da ya kai kusan kadada dubu ashirin da
biyu (22,000ha) da ke samun ruwa da Madatsar ruwa ta Tiga (a ma’adanar ruwa ta Kanya).
A bisa ga binciken da kamfanin Royal Haskoning DHV ya yi, wannan shiyar noman rani ta
Kano ta hadar da Madatsar ruwa ta Tiga, Ma’adanar ruwa ta Kanya (Ruwan Kanya), Babbar
hanyar ruwa ta daya da ta biyu (MC1 da MC2), Sashen magudanar ruwa na Gabas (mai sekta
14), Sahshen Magudanar Ruwa ta Ganyere (mai sekta 3) da Sashen magudanar ruwa ta
Yamma (mai sekta 29) da kuma tsarin hanyoyin ruwa da ke shayar da gonaki. Wadannan
gonakin noman ranin sun a karkashin kananan hukumomi guda bakwai da ke Kanon kamar
haka: Tudun Wada, Rano, Bebeji, Dawakin Kudu, Garun Mallam, Bunkure da kuma Kura.
Tsarin noman ranin (na gonaki) a inda a ke son yin aikin kankare suna a karkashin kananan
hukumomin mulki guda uku kamar haka: Garun Mallam, Bunkure da kuma Kura duk a
Kudu ma so yamma da birnin Kano.
Manyan kayan aikin noman rani a KRIS sun hada da:
Madatsar ruwa ta Tiga: wannan madatssar ruwa irin wacce a ke tonawa ce da a ka tsara a ka
kuma gina tsakanin shekarar 1970 zuwa 1974. Wannan madatsar ruwa ta na ajiye ruwan da
za’a iya noman kadada dubu goma sha takwas da dari tara (18,900ha), tsarin ginin madatsar
ruwan ya kai mita arba’in da takwas 48m, da tsarin tsawon da ya kai mita arba’in da takwas
da digo sittin da takwas (42.68 m) da kuma karfin ajiye ruwa kimanin lita miliyan dubu da
dari takwas da arba’in da biyar in ji babban Manajan madatsar ruwan. Haka kuma ya bayyana
cewa ta na tsakanin Kogin Kano da babbar Koramar Hadejia. Ruwan da ke fitowa daga
madatsar ruwan ne a ke anfani da shi wajen ayyukan noman rani na Kano. Amma a
sanadiyyar taruwar baraguzai tun lokacin da a ka gina shi ya sanya raguwar karfin ajiyar
ruwa sanadiyyar ko-in-kula a kan binciken lafiyar madatsar ruwan.
Ruwan Kanya Reservoir: Ma’adanar ruwa ta Ruwan Kanya: Wannan ma’adanar ruwa da a
ke kira Ruwan Kanya ta na da tsawon kilomita uku da digo sittin da shida (3.66 km) na tsawo
da kuma karfin ajiyar ruwa na kimanin lita miliyan hamsin da takwas na ruwa da ke tallafawa
babbar madatsar ruwan Tiga. Ruwan Kanya na kusa kilomita biyar da digo daya (5.1km)
daga babbar madatsar ruwan Tiga. A binciken da a ka yi ruwan da a ka saki daga babbar
Madatsar ruwan Tida ta babbar hanyar ruwa na shiga a ruwan Kanya daga nan sai a sake shi
zuwa gonakin noman rani ta hanyar babbar hanyar ruwa ta biyu. Dalilin anfani da wannan
dabarar shi ne domin a sami ruwa mai yawa da zai isa aikin noman rani kuma ko da ta faru an
rufe babbar madatsar ruwan Tiga saboda gyara ko wata matsalar gaggawa. Akwai kuma
ma’adanar ruwa guda tara da a ke anfani da su wajen ajiye ruwa da dare domin anfani da shi
da safe.
Page xxv of 174
Madatsar ruwan Challawa Gorge da ma’adanar ruwa: Madatsar ruwa ta Challawa Gorge
ta na nan a Kogin Challawa ta na kuma da tsawon da ya kai mita arba’in da biyu (42 m). An
kammala wannan madatsar ruwa tun shekarar 1992 kuma ta na da tsawon fiye da kilomita
bakwai. Ma’adanar ruwan ta na da fadin kusan kilomita dari da karfin ajiye ruwa kusan lita
miliyan dari tara. Dalilin yin wannan ma’adanar ruwa kuwa shi ne domin ajiye ruwa saboda
anfani a Kogin Hadejia na ayyukan noman rani da kuma samar da ruwan sha a birnin Kano
da kuma garin Wudil; sanadiyyar haka ne ya sa Hukumar kula da raya fadamu da koguna ta
Hadejia-Jama’are ke kulawa da wannan ma’adanar ruwan ta Challawa. Ayyukan TRIMING a
wannan ma’adanar ruwan sun a da alaka ne da abin da ya shafi na’urori.
Manya-manyan sassan ayyukan da a ke so a yi
Ayyukan da a ke so a gudanar na TRIMING sun hada da gyaran fadamun noman rani da
inganta su a karkashin aikin noman rani na Kogin Kano da ya hadar da kadada 14,314.
Wannan aikin ne ya bunkasa ayyukan noman rani a shiyar su samar da yabanyar da a ke
bukata kuma tare da la’akari da daidaikun ma su anfani da ruwan aikin noman rani. Haka
kuma aikin da ya shafi saka jari zai samar da damar samun ayyukan yi a karkashin wannan
shirin noman rani domin inganta rayuwar manoma.
An kassafa wurin da za’a yi ayyukan zuwa shiyar Gabas da ta Yamma a Kogin Shimar
karkashin Kogi da hanyoyin ruwa a karkashin kulawar shirin noman rani na Kano. Haka
kuma akwai sekta guda uku (3) da ke shan ruwa kai tsaye daga bangaren Gayare. A sashen
Yamma na magudanar ruwan a yanzu haka akawai sekta 29 da an riga an inganta su sannan a
Gabas akawi sekta 14 a ka kusa kammalawa (wato sekta 11 sun kammalu sauran sekta 3 ne
ba’a kammala ba).
Ayyukan da a ke so a gudanar a babbar hanyar ruwa su ne:
● Samar da na’urar raba ruwa a bangare na farko na babbar hanyar ruwa
● samar da hanyoyin fitar da ruwa a mahadar ruwa da ke Rano da gyara tagogin ruwa
Gyaran ma’adanar ruwan Kanya ( a karkashin sashen kulawa da kiyaye lafiyar
madatsar ruwa)
● Sake gyara hanyoyin bi ko da kafa ko mota da ke kan hanyoyin ruwa da sake ma su
fasala da alkibla
● Gyaran lalacewar da hanyoyin ruwa su ka yi
● Sayen na’urar cirar kachalla ( a na bukatar wannan na’urar a karkashin shirin ayyukan
gyaran Koguna da bitoci a kan kulawa da su)
Ayyukan da a ke so a yi a sashen Gabas
● Gyaran farfashewar hanyoyin ruwa
● Samar da na’urar raba ruwwa a farkon hanyar ruwa ta EBC (wacce ba’a taba samarwa
ba)
Page xxvi of 174
● Aiki na tsawon kilomita 3 daga babbar hanyar ruwa ta biyu a kan Kogin Shimar a
mahadar ruwa da samar da tagogin fitar da ruwa uku a karkashin gada a EBC. Biyu
daga cikin wadannan tagogin bas a aiki a yanzu kuma sun a bukatar gyara.
● Gyaran tagogi: tagogin bas a yin aiki yadda ya kamata kuma akwai duwarwatsu da su
ka toshe EBC da a ke bukata a cire.
A kan EBC akwai hanyar ruwa da na’urar kula da ruwan da ke bukatar gyara. Akwai
wata na’urar mai kama da ta Garun Babba na WBC. Akwai kuma aikin fitar da
baraguzai a EBC.
Ayyukan da za’a yi a Sashen Yamma (WBC)
● Gyaran tagogin ruwa a mahadar ruwa ta Garun Babba: za’a cire baraguzai da cikowar
tabo a kan hanyar ruwa ta Yamma WBC
● Gyaran sashen kankare da ya lalace a hanyar ruwa ta Yamma WBC
● Gyaran tsawon kilomita daya da rabi (1.5km) na Yamma da ke Bengaza, Waire da
Yantomo;
● Gyaran farfashewa a kan hanyar ruwa ta Yamma (WBC)
● Gyaran na’urorin ruwa a Yamma (WBC)
● Gyaran tagogi: Tagogin ba’a iya anfani ko bude su saboda cikewa da barguzai su ka
yi da a ke so a cire domin gyaran.
Domin tabbatar da samar da ruwa sha da kuma samar da dama ga dabbobi a kan hanyoyin
sun a wucewa a Kogin Kano, an samar da wuraren shan ruwan dabbobi a wuraren da a ka
aminta. Hanyoyi da gadojin sun yi kimanin tsawon kilomita 2 a budawar su, a na kuma son
duk al’ummar da ke a kewayen hanyar ruwa su anfana da gyaran. Za’a kuma samarwa
kungiyoyin manoma a matakin sekta da muhallan tarukan tattaunawa da ofis.
Tsarin doka a kan mallakar kasa
Tsarin mallakar kasa a tarayyar Najeriya shi ne tsarin doka na shekarar 1978 wanda a ka yiwa
gyara a karkashin lamba 202, a shekarar 1990. Akwai tsarin Babban Bankin duniya na doka
(OP 4.12) wanda ya yi tanadi a kan abinda ya shafi mallakar kasa da kuma dakatar da anfani
da ita wanda shi ma an yi masa gyara. Banbancin kawai da a ke da shi tsakanin wadannan
dokokin biyu sun shafi matakan gyara ne wadanda kuma ba’a yi watsi da sub a kuma ba’a
tirsasa sub a dokar.
Saboda haka tsarin kula da canjin muhalli ya kiyaye da kuma sa ido ko da aa sami wani
banbanci a tsakanin dokokin Najeriya da na Babban Bankin duniya, to za’a bayar da
muhimmanci ga walwalar jama’ar da aikin ya shafa
Ranakun tantancewa
Ranar da a ka ware domin kididdigar mutanen da aikin ya shafa it ace ranar 8 ga Desemban
2016 wacce a ka bayyanarwa jama’ar da al’umma a lokacin taron tattaunawa da ma su ruwa
da tsaki a cikin shirin da kuma anfani da wasu kafafen isar da sakonni. Idan ya kasance an
Page xxvii of 174
sami jinkiri na shekara uku daga ranar da a ka ware domin kididdiga, to ya zama wajibi a
sake jaddadawa.
Alfanun aikin
Aikin gyaran zai fuskanci inganta wuraren noman rani (ba wai kawai fadada sub a). Anfanin
aikin ga ma su ruwa da tsaki zai fi yawa sabanin rashin anfanin sa. Abin da a ke so shi ne
tattalin arzikin kasa da yankuna daban-daban ya karu, kuma ba za’a iya samun haka ba sai
idan aninganta harkokin noma. A takaice ga anfanin da aikin zai haifar kamar haka:
Za’a sami karuwa yawan noma sanadiyyar samar da ruwan noman rani isasshe;
Za’a sami yabanya ta rubanya sanadiyar gyaran hanyoyin ruwa;
Za’a sami yabanya daban-daban domin inganta gonakin noman rani da samun
ingantaccen iri;
Za’a sami karuwar dabbobi domin za’a sami karuwar abincin su daga hakukuwan
ababen noma;
Za’a sami karuwar kudade a iyallai daban-daban sanadiyyar karuwar kayan gona da
makamantan su – za’a sami karuwar aikin yi;
Gwamnati za ta sami kwari gwiwa fannin hulda da ma’aikatu da hukumomi daban-
daban musamman fannin kulawa da inganta harkokin noma a mataki na kasa;
; Za’a sami fadadawa da karuwar hanyoyi tare da anfani mai yawa;
Za’a sami walwalar jama’a musamman bayar da dama ga kowa da kowa ba tare da
banbancin jinsi, addini ko kabilanci ba, kuma za’a sami yin ayyuka ba tare da boye
komai ba musamman fannin kulawa da ruwa a matakai daban-daban;
Za’a sami raguwar ambaliyar ruwa;
Za’a sami raguwar cututtuka ma su alaka da ruwa maras tsafta kamar zazzabin cizon
sauro saboda inganta hanyoyin da ruwa yak e kwaranya;
Za’a sami karuwar ruwan anfani ba tare da tsinkewa ba;
Za’a sami karuwar kayan gona;
Za’a sami karuwar kudin shiga daga gona;
Za’a sami dorewar abinci ba tare da tsinkewa ba;
Za’a sami isasshe kuma lafiyayyen abinci mai gina jiki.
Haka kuma a lokacin gine-gine, za’a sami damar samun anfani na wani lokaci da kuma na
dogon lokaci. Domin dole ne a nemi ma’aikata daga inda a ke gudanar da ayyukan; mutane
za su sami ayyukan yi kamar ta fannin daukar hayar motoci, damar bude shagunan sayar da
ababen anfani da samar da hidimomi daban-daban da dai sauran su. Za’a samar da cikkaken
bayanin anfanin da al’umma za ta samu a cikin kundin bayanai da za’a hannuntawa ga ‘yan
kwangilar da za su yi aikin
Tasirin aikin da a ke so a yi da zai shafi al’umma
Gonakin mutane da a ka tantance da kuma ayyukan da manoma su ka saba yi su ne wannan
aikin zai shafa. Amma dangane da mutanen da aikin zai shafa, an tantance adadin manoma
42,450 gonaki da manoma. Ba wanda zai rasa gonar sa ko gonar ta a sanadiyyar wannan
aikin. Kawai za’a dakatar da manoma ne na dan loaci ba za su sami damar yin nom aba
sanadiyyar aikin da za’a yin a gyara. A na tunanin wannan dakatarwar za ta shiga hakkin
manoma, saboda haka ne a sami hanyoyin da za’a bi a ragewa manoma radadin rashin yin
noman.
Page xxviii of 174
Matakan rage damuwa
Domin inganta rayuwar wadan da aikin zai shafa ko kuma biya mu su diyyar abin da ya
kamata a ce sun noma, da kuma samar mu su kariya, za’a yi kokarin ganin an inganta
rayuwar su har su kasance sun a iya dogaro da kan su. An tsara matakai da za’a bi domin
biyan diyyar. Misalai wannan ya shafi samar da biyan kudi ga duk wanda aikin ya shafa.
Wadan da kuma za su sami damuwa dalilin aikin, za’a ba su matukar kulawa domin kar su
shiga damuwa.
Domin a tabbatar cewa an biya kowa hakkin sa da ya dace, an duba yanayin kasuwa a halin
da a ke ciki na tsadar ababe, kuma an tantance abin da ya dace a biya wanda abin ya shafa.
An bi kasuwanni gida na kurkusa domin samun cikakken bayanin kasuwa. An fitar da wata
rajistar shigar da duk wanda aikin ya shafa da abin da ya kamata a biya. Matakan na rage
radadi za’a gabatar da su ne kamin a fara aiki gadan-gadan.
Wadannan matakan na rage radadi za’a bi daki-daki wajen aiwatar da su. Za’a bi sekta-sekta,
gaba-gaba domin a tabbatar da cewa ba wani manomi da a ka bari a baya.
Hakkin samun diyya
Wadanda za’a biya diyya su ne wdanda su ka rasa wani abu na kadarorin su ko abin da
rayuwa ta dogara da shi a sanadiyyar gyare-gyaren kayan aikin noman rani.
A lokaci aikin gyare-gyare: ba gida, ba makaranta, ba masallaci ko kasuwa da wannan
aikin zai shafa, domin duk an fitar da su daga cikin tsarin da a ka yi, amma akwai
sansani guda uku da a ka fitar na ibada mita biyar daga hanyar ruwa na sekta, da
kuma samar da dan wurin hutawa. Ba wanda zai rasa gonar sa. Idan akwai abin gona da
bai nuna ba a lokacin da za’a yi aiki, za’a biya diyyar wannan.
A na sa ran aikin zai kai shekara 3 zuwa 4 kuma za’a yi shi mataki-mataki, sekta-sekta. A
lokacin damina manoma za su yi aiki ba tare da wata damuwa ba saboda aiki zai kasance a
kan hanyoyin ruwa da magudanun ruwan. Amma a lokaci rani wasu manoman za’a dan
dakatar da sun a wuccin gadi sanadiyyar aikin. Kuma za’a biya su diyya.
Bayanin hakkoki mai lamba E.1
Ire-iren
hasara
Damar samun shiga Salon biyan diyya Karin matakai
Hasarsr
gona
Mai mallaka, mai
haya, mai aro, wasu
daban ma su anfani da
gona,
Samar da diyya domin wanda
aiki ya shafa ya yi zabi
gamsasshe (ko kudi ko kadara)
Taimakon samar da matsuguni
Hasarar
sana’a
Ma su sana’a Biyan diyyar abin da a ke sa
ran ci na riba a cikin adadin
lokacin aiki a kan kadarar da
ba za’a iya daukewa ba
Samar da ‘yan kudin zirga-
zirga dai dai da yanayin
sana’ar mutum
Hasarar
kayan
gona ko
bishiyoyi
Gaba dayan ma su
kayan gona ko
bishiyoyi
Biyan kudi a sanadiyyar kayan
gona ko bishiyoyi da a ka rasa
Samar da damar samun kayan
gona kamar iri
Page xxix of 174
Hasarar
kudin
kodago
Duk wani ma’aikaci
da ya rasa aikin sa
sakamakon ayyukan
da za’a yi
Za’a tabbatar da musanya wani
aiki mai kama da wanda a ka
rasa
Samar da ‘yan kudi a cikin
lokacin dakatar da mutum na
dan lokaci
Bayar da kulawa ta musamman ga mutane ma su rauni:
Za’a tantance duk mutanen da ke da rauni ko bukata ta musamman a cikin wadanda ayyukan za su
shafa kuma a bas u kulawa ta musamman a cikin shirin biyan diyya. Daga cikin ka’idojin tantance su
akwai shekaru.
Ma su shekaru 65, ma su rauni sanadiyyar nakasa ko tabin hankali, mata ma su kula da gidaje (ma su
marayu), mata da mazajen su su ka rasu ko su ka rabu da mazajen su, Yara marayu ko wanda ke
kwance a gadon rashin lafiya.
Hasarar
wata
kadara ta
albarkatun
kasa
Kamar albarkatun
gandu da kuma na
ruwa
Tabbatar da samarwa mutum
kwatankwacin abin da ya rasa
Samar da dan kudin tallafi har
sai an mayarwa da mutum
tsohuwar kadarar sa
Hasarar
wurin
kiyon
dabbobi
na jama’a
Wurin jama’a ko na
mallakar mutum shi
daya
Sauya wurin kiyon da bai da
nisa
Sauya wurin kiyon da bai da
nisa
Dole ne a baiwa duk wanda abin ya shafa damar cire abin gonar sa kafin aikin ya fara a
shekarar 2017. A yayin da aiki ya zarta mita biyar daga baya a sekta, dole ne a biya diyyar
duk kadarar da abin ya shafa.
Biyan diyya da mayarwa wadanda aikin ya shafa abin da rayuwar su ta dogara da shi
An riga an sanar da duk wadanda abin ya shafa dangane da matakan da a ka dauka domin
rage radadin damuwa. Kuma za’a bas u zabi domin samun damar yin abinda zai dawo mu su
da kadarorin su. Haka kuma duk sun aminta su bayar da goyon baya a kan wannan tsarin.
Sa hannun jama’a
Sa hannun jama’a a wannan tsarin ya shafi tuntuba da sadarwa. Ita tuntuba ta na da hanya
biyu inda za’a sami daidaito da mincewar wadanda aikin ya shafa ko ma su ruwa da tsaki a
cikin tsarin. Sadarwa ta kunshi isar da bayanai ga jama’a dangane da ayyukan.
Ma su ruwa da tsaki sun hada da jami’an kananan hukumomi, shuwagabannin al’uma da
sauran ma su fada a ji, wadanda aiki ya shafa da sauran su kamar ‘yan kasuwa duk an tuntube
su. A lokacin taron tattaunawar an gabatar mu su da bayanai a kan ayyukan da kuma
muhimman bayanai kamar yadda ya dace.
Haka kuma, a lokacin tuntuba, an samarwa jama’ar da aikin ya shafa da bayanai dangane da
biyan diyya da zabi daban-daban an kuma ba su damar shiga ciki a yi tsarin da su. Haka
kuma an gayawa wadanda aikin ya shafa cewa sun a da damar isar da korafe korafen su ta
hanyar da ya dace. An fayyace mu su hakkokin su da su ka kunshi biyan diyya ko da sun
nuna cewa sun yafe, an ba su damar su fadi ra’ayin su.
Page xxx of 174
An jaddada cewa za’a biya diyya ne kawai ga wadanda aikin ya shafa. An kuma sanar da ma
su ruwa da tsaki cewa su samar da ma’aikata a lokacin da aiki ya fara ta hanyar
shuwagabanni domin a dauke su aiki.
Tsarin biyan diyya da aiwatar da shi
Aiwatar da tsarin biyan diyya na bukatar kulawa ta musamman a tsakanin ma su ruwa da
tsaki da kuma samun amincewa a tsakanin ma su ruwa da tsakin tun daga mataki na daya. An
shirya tsare-tsare da su ma su ruwa da tsaki da hukumar TRIMING domin kulawa ta baki
daya. Kwamitin kulawa na noman rani na Kano da hukumar raya fadamu da koguna za su
tabbatar an gabatar da wannan tsarin. Kwamitin biyan diyya ya kunshi jama’a kamar
manoma, al’ummu, shuwagabannin gargajiya, shugaban KRIS, wakilan kungiyar manoma
tare da taimako daga kwararre a fannin kula da walwalar jama’a na TRIMING za su tabbatar
ba’a sami matsala ba.
Kafin a fara aikin za’a kafa kwamiti kula da biyan diyya da zai kunshi HJRBDA,
shuwagabannin Kungiyar manoma na Sekta, shuwagabanni a mataki na kasa, hukumar
TRIMING. Kwamitin zai rika taro kamar haka:
Mayu/Yuni a shekarar farko domin tantance ayyukan da za’a yi lokacin rani da
kuma tantance yawan manoman da ayyukan za su shafa alokatan ayyukan watan
Nuwamba zuwa Mayu a sassan da ayyukan su ka shafa.
Haka kuma kwamitin zai rika taro duk bayan wata shida ya kara tantance diyyar manoma
wanda ya yi dai dai da yanayin da a ke ciki na tsada.
Kwamitin zai fitar da tsarin sunayen mutanen da ayyukan su ka shafa. Wannan tsarin sunayen
za’a kafe shi a HJRBDA da kuma a matakin kungiyar manoma inda mutane za su iya gani a
fili da kuma a rediyo kafin a fara ayyuka da wata uku.
Sunayen za’a kafe su a shiyar ayyukan noman rani da kauyuka, da inda al’uma ta ke da
rediyo da ofishin KRIS, da ma su shela da sauran su. Za’a fitar da wani fom (ANNEX 7.0) da
za’a rabawa domin a cike. Da zarar an cike fom din da hotuna, za’a gabatar da su domin
biyan diyya. Za’a dauki hoton manomi domin tantancewa. Idan an biya kowa, hukumar
TRIMING za ta sanar da babban bankin duniya.
Ba za’a fara ayyukan ba har sai an tabbatar da cewa ba wani da ya rage da ba’a biya shi ba.
Manya-manyan ayyukan wannan tsarin an fayyace su a zanen da ke kasa mai lamba E.2.
Karfafa gwiwar ma’aikata
Dangane da tattaunawa da a ka yi da ma su ruwa da tsaki domin tantancewar tsarin kamar
abin da ya shafi kididdige kadarori da ya kamata a biya diyya da tantance wadanda abin ya
shafa, wuraren da abin ya shafa, da duk wanda abin ya shafa kamar yadda a ka bayyana a
zane mai lamba E.3
Bayanin ayyukan biyan diyya da tsarin ayyuka da tabbatar da su mai lamba E.2:
Ayyuka 2017 2018 Karin
Page xxxi of 174
bayani
MA AP MY AU SE OC MA AU SE OC NO DE
Bayyana
RAP
Feb./ Mar.
2017
Kafa
kwamitin
RIC
April 2017
Cikakke
tsarin
sunaye
May, 2017
Biyan
diyya da
sauran
tallafi
Aug./ Sept.
2017
Bitar biyan
diyya
tsakanin
RIC da
PMU
Sept. 2017
Ayyukan
gini da
kankare
lokacin
rani
Oct. 2017
Kwamitin
RIC da
tsarin
sunayen
jama’a
Mar, 2018
Biyan
diyya da
sauran
tallafi
Aug. /Sept.,
2018
Bitar biyan
diyya
tsakanin
RIC da
PMU
Sept., 2018
Ayyukan
gyara da
fara aiki.
Oct, 2018
Biyan kudi On going
Karin bayani: bayanin lokatan da a ka yi a zanen sama ya kunshi tattaunawar da a ka yi da
manoma daga taron da a ka yin a biyar (5th
ISM). Ya shafi gyara da za’a yi a lokacin rani.
Tsarin biyan diyya
Page xxxii of 174
Duk wani aiki da za’a yi lokacin rani (Nuwamba zuwa Mayu) da ya shafi manoma za’a biya
diyyar shi Augusta zuwa Satumba, watanni biyu kafin fara ayyukan.
A tsarin biyan diyyar, za’a sami ‘yan kudi da ba za su gaza dallar Amurika 42 ba a bayan
kowane wata shida. An aminta cewa biyan a yi shi a bankin Commercial yanki-yanki kamar
yadda kwamiti ya tsara a taron da a ka yi. Za’a sanar da manoma wurin da za’a hadu. Saboda
mafi yawan wadanda aikin ya shafa bas a da asusun ajiya na banki, za’a gabatar mu su da
bitoci daban-daban a kan yadda mutum zai sarrafa kudin sa su anfane shi. Sannan kamar
yadda babban bankin duniya ya tsara a kan tsarin walwala kuma duk manoman za’a biya su
kafin ayyukan su fara.
Sakamakon tsarin biyan diyya ya bayyana cewa a tsarin, manomi zai sami a kalla naira
13,000.00. an yi wannan ne a kan kwakkwaran bincike da a ka gabatar.
A yayin tabbatar da wannan tsarin na biyan diyya, za’a bayar da matukar kulawa ga mutane
ma su bukata ta musamman kamar tsofaffi ko ma su wata nakasa. Za’a taskace duk bayanan
da a ka tara kamar hotuna a hukumar TRIMING, da wakilan bankin da zai biya kudin da
kuma KRIS.
Tsarin Kasafi
Gaba daya kasafin biyan diyyar ya kai kimanin kudi ₦481,199,176.70 kimanin dallar
Amurika USD $1,527,616.43 a kan canjin naira da dala N315 per USD$1. Kamar yadda a ka
yi bayani a tsarin zanen da ke da lamba E.3. A na sa ran wannan adadin zai isa biyan diyyar.
An ware kaso 10% na yawan nwannan kudin ko da wani abu zai iya tasowa daga baya.
Tsarin kasafi a zane mai lamba E.3
Lamba Bayani Tsada
(NAIRA)
Tattarawa
(NAIRA)
A Biyan diyya a kan:
A1 Gona Ba ya ciki
A2 Albarkatun noma 425,516,337
A3 Muhallin ibada guda uku (3) 45,820 x 3 137,460.00
A4 Wurin shan iska guda goma (10) 25,000 x 10 250,000.00
A5 (5nos)Palm fronds Structures 10,000 x 5 50,000.00
Tattaraw a takaice 425,953,797.00
B KARIN TALLAFI
B1 Kulawa da korafi 2,000,000.00
Tattarawa a takaice 2,000,000.00
C TSADAR KAFAWA
C1 Shaidar biyan diyya 1,500,000.00
C2 Kwarin gwiwa 1,500,000.00
C3 Bayyanawa 500,000.00
C4 Bayar da shawarwari ga ma su rauni da kuma kula
da wadanda ayyukan za su shafa
2,000,000.00
C5 Ababen bukata 4,000,000.00
Tattarawa a takaice 11,500,000.00
D Tattaraw 437453,797.00
E A hada da kashi 10% domin abin da ka iya tasowa 43,745,379.70
Page xxxiii of 174
F Tattarawa baki daya 481,199,176.70
A kan canjin naira N315 zuwa dala 1$ ($1,527,616.43)
* A bar manoma su cire abin gonar su kafin a fara aiki domin rage adadin diyya
* Diyyar itace ma su anfani bay a cikin biyan diyya
A lokacin tuntuba an bayar da shawara cewa a fara aiki a kananan sekta – sekta kafin manya
domin inganta ayyukan.
Hukumar TRIMING ce za ta samar da hanyoyin biyan diyya a kan wannan tsarin.
Page xxxiv of 174
Tsarin taswirar ayyukan KRIS na gyare-gyare mai lamba 4:
SHEKARA SEKTOCIN D.
Adadin
kadada
KASAFI (₦) DALA $ SEKTOCIN DA
BA’A KAMMALA
BA
Adadin
kadada
KASAFI (₦) DALA $
1. Cirin
Shiye
Kode
Yuri
Kuluma
Ruga
Yakasia
Karfi
Tsauni
Makworo
Kosawa
2,991.29 97,230,194.00 308,667.28 Makunturi 288.89 9388855.00 29,805.89
2. Tsanbanki
Lauteye
Turba
Ungwa Rimi
Korawa
Bunkure A
Bunkure B
Pako
Dalili
M. Gabas
Majabo
Butalawa
Gori North
Gori South
Rakauna
3,000.17 97509692.00 309,554.58 Dambala 205.65 6683585.00 21,217.73
Page xxxv of 174
Maura
Azore I & II
3. Bengaza
Waire
Yantomo
Barnawa
Gayere
Samawa
Kore
3,139.34 102,030,792.00 323907.28 Unguwar Rimi B 154.74 5028645.00 15,963.95
4. Kadawa
Dorawa
Gafan
Agolas
Yadakwari
Raje
Agalawa
3,311.98 107,644,574.00 341728.81
TATTARA
WA A
TAKAICE
12,442.78 404,415,252.00 1,283,857.94 649.28 21,101,085.00 66,987.57
Page xxxvi of 174
Tsarin sauraron korafe-korafe
A na iya samun korafe-korafe da za’a iya samu. Duk da cewa an yi tsarin biyan diyya, amma
har ila yau a na tunanin za’a iya samun wasu korafe-korafe daga manoma da ke ganin ba’a
magance matsalolin sub a. dalilin haka ne ya sa a ka fitar da wani tsari na sauraron korafi
domin rage matsaloli ma su yawa.
Wannan tsarin sauraron korafe-korafe an yi shi ne bayan bincike mai zurfin gaske a lokacin
an sanar da duk wadanda ayyukan hukumar TRIMING su ka shafa domin warware
matsalolin da ka iya tasowa. Kuma an yi kokari an shigar da mutane a cikin sa wadanda su ke
da ruwa da tsaki kamar kungiyoyin manoma, KRIS da kuma shuwagabannin mata.
Tsarin sauraron korafe-korafe
Wannan tsarin sauraron korafe-korafe an yi shi a saukake a matsayin hanyar warware
matsaloli. Matakin farko shi ne a matakin unit. Idan an kasa magance matsalar a wannan
mataki, sai a je a matakin sekta, idan ya gagara sai a je a shiyar kula da ayyukan noman rani
idan ya gagara, sai a sami jami’in kula da walwalar jama’a na hukumar TRIMING.
Yadda a ke warware matsala
Idan mai korafi zai gabatar da korafi inda ya dace zai iya yin haka ta baki, ko a rubuce, ko ta
wayar traho ko sakon tarho. Korafin da a ka gabatar a rubuce za’a saka ma shi hanu da
kwanan wata sannan a ajiye shi. Jami’an kula da walwalar jama’a za su tabbatar da ba’a yi
kuskure ba. Za’a tabbatar an rubuta korafin mai korafi musamman idan ba ya iya rubutu,
Time lokacin bayar da ansar korafi
Da zarar a ka karbi korafi za’a fara suararon sa nana take. Idan a ka kasa warware matsalar,
mai korafi na da damar isar da korafin sa a mataki nag aba har zuwa hukumar TRIMING idan
har hakan ta kai a daga korafin zuwa wannan matakin. Duk korafi kar ya wuce kwanaki goma
na ranakun aiki. Ya zama wajibi a tattara duk bayanai a kan korafi.
Sa ido da bincike
Bayan ajiye bayanai a kan korafi, wakilin TRIMING a shiyar ayyukan noman rani zai rika
aikewa da bayanai zuwa ga hukumar TRIMING duk sati da duk wani abu da ba’a kai karshen
sa ba. Wadannan bayanan za’a gabatar da su a sashen kulawa da sa ido na hukumar
TRIMING dai dai da tsarin babban bankin duniya.
Bayyanarwa
Bayan babban banki ya aminta, wadannan tsare-tsaren za’a bayyanar da su a cikin harsunan
Hausa da Turanci a takaice.
Page xxxvii of 174
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
The Government of Nigeria is implementing the TRANSFORMING IRRIGATION
MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA (TRIMING) project, which was approved by the World
Bank Board of Directors on June 19th
, 2014. The Project Development Objective is to
improve access to irrigation and drainage services and to strengthen institutional
arrangements for integrated water resources management and agriculture service delivery in
selected large-scale public schemes in Northern Nigeria.
The Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) is one of the five selected schemes. The proposed
KRIS intervention is envisaged to rehabilitate 14,314 ha for mixed cultivation of various
crops during the wet and dry season. This total amount irrigated area (14,314 ha) is based on
the feasibility studies undertaken where water availability was thoroughly studied and agreed
upon with stakeholders to ensure fair and equitable water service to all irrigators in the
service area.
The TRIMING project is rated as Category ‘A’. It triggers seven World Bank safeguards
policies (OP’s), namely, Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01), Safety of Dams (OP 4.37),
Natural Habitats (OP 4.04), Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) – mentioned above, Physical
Cultural Resources (OP 4.11), Pest Management (OP 4.09), and Projects on International
Waterways (OP 7.50).
In order to ensure adequate management of the environmental and social issues as well as
involuntary resettlement issues triggered, relevant safeguards instruments, viz; Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF), Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and
Pest Management Plan (PMP) were prepared and disclosed both in-country and on the World
Bank Infoshop. These framework instruments specify the principles and procedures to be
used for preparing, approving and implementing site-specific management and action plans
that are valued with measurable and monitorable actions for the specific intervention sites as
they are known. The applicable instruments arising from these frameworks include
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) in the case of RPF and Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment (ESIA)/Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) for ESMF,
depending on the degree and scale of impacts arising from each site-specific project and
PMP respectively.
For the proposed KRIS, it is envisaged that the rehabilitation of existing irrigated land, roads
and other irrigation infrastructure as well as development of yet to be completed sectors
areas under the project, although will not require any form of land acquisition, it will
however temporarily have negative impact on the farmers who will be temporarily deprived
of access to irrigation water and as such might lose the source of their livelihood for at least
a season. During the construction period affected farmers will be eligible for crop and land
compensation.
Need for Resettlement Action Plan
Under the TRIMING project, it is noted that it is not sufficient for communities to
submissively accept project works and the impacts of these works. Project Affected Persons
(PAPs) must participate in the benefits of the project and be given options regarding how
they restore or improve their previous living standard. In this regard participating
Page xxxviii of 174
communities were mobilized to contribute actively to the preparation of this RAP, the
project design and implementation, and to take ownership of the works following
implementation. This underscored the accurate analysis of local social conditions and
organization with a view to ensuring social inclusion in the project implementation.
This RAP recognises the full range of people affected by the project and justifies their
displacement after consideration of alternatives that would minimize or avoid displacement.
In addition, it specifies the procedures to follow and the actions to be taken to properly
mitigate the negative impacts of such displacement on people and communities.
The TRIMING Project intervention at KRIS is in full compliance with the requirements of
the World Bank Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12) which requires
the preparation of a resettlement action plan to ensure that persons involuntarily displaced
have an opportunity to restore or improve their level of living to at least the pre-project level
or better off.
Avoidance/Minimization of Resettlement
The principles of OP 4.12 require that as much as reasonably practicable, involuntary
resettlement should be avoided or minimized. In line with this, TRIMING ensured
avoidance/minimization of some of the impacts through the following considerations:
Design changes and stakeholder engagement;
Integration of communities/settlements into project design;
Creation of grazing area/routes
Ensuring each sector size not more than 2,000 ha/scheme to facilitate participation and
transparency;
Ensure reliable water resources without creating major conflict with other users and uses;
Farmer occupier land tenure system preferred;
Schemes not involving land acquisition with only minor disruption of farming activities
in at most one season
Aim and Objectives of the RAP
This RAP prepared by TRIMING serves as a document that outlines how the resettlement will
be accomplished to fulfil the objectives of WB OP 4.12 which includes the identification of the
impacts, types and levels of compensation and other measures based on the value of assets that
will be lost and includes action plan for allocating compensation and budget for
implementation etc. Therefore, this RAP is a document prepared by the TRIMING Project for
the resettlement of the affected people and communities in KRIS, specifying the procedures it
will follow and the actions it will take to properly resettle and compensate affected people
and communities.
Specifically, the RAP was designed to:
Identify the full range of people affected by the project and justify their
displacement after consideration of alternatives that would minimize or avoid
displacement and
Prepare an Action Plan to be implemented to properly resettle and compensate
affected people and communities in line with World Bank Policy and Nigeria
policies and laws
To ensure a fair and transparent process of compensation and resettlement
Page xxxix of 174
To ensure a sound mitigation plan for those who will temporarily or permanently
lose farming land as a result of the TRIMING project.
Site Description
The Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS), lies between latitude 11045` and 12005` North of
the equator and longitude 08045` and 09005` East of the Greenwich mean. It is located at a
vast area over 25km south of Kano city and it is essentially most of irrigable land both sides
of the Kano Zaria highway and on both sides of the Karfi – Rano highway. It is a scheme
designed to provide irrigation facilities via gravity for about 22,000 hectares of land utilizing
water release from the Tiga dam (via the Ruwan Kanya reservoir).
The KRIS system according to the feasibility study by Royal Haskoning DHV comprises the
Tiga Dam, Ruwan Kanyan reservoir, the Main Canal system (MC1 and MC2), the East
Branch Canal system (with 14 sectors), the Ganyere Branch Canal (3 sectors) and the West
Branch Canal system (with 29 sectors) and the field channels systems which irrigate the
farmlands. These irrigated areas are located in seven Local Government Areas in Kano state
namely, Tudun Wadan, Rano, Bebeji, Dawakin Kudu, Garum Mallam, Bunkure and Kura.
The scheme (Farmlands) where the rehabilitation civil works of irrigation infrastructure are
proposed is however located in the three local Government Areas (LGA) of Garum Mallam,
Bunkure and Kura southwest of Kano city.
The main irrigation infrastructure in KRIS consist of the following:
Tiga Dam: The Tiga Dam is an earth dam, designed and built within 1970 to 1974. The dam
reservoir surface area according to the Tiga dam manager is about 18,900 ha with a structural
height of 48 m, hydraulic height of 42.68 m and an active storage capacity of 1,845 million
m3 at full supply level. It lies across the Kano River, the main tributary of the Hadejia River.
Water from the dam supplies the Kano River Irrigation Project. However, reduction in the
reservoir capacity due to sedimentation since its construction has not been assessed.
Ruwan Kanya Reservoir: The Ruwan Kanya Reservoir is a 3.66 km long earth filled dam
with storage capacity of 58 million m3 of water which serve as a complimentary reservoir to
the Tiga dam. It is located at about 5.1 km downstream of the Tiga Dam. According to the
feasibility study, water release from the Tiga Dam through the Main Canal 1 (MC1) is
transmitted into the Ruwan Kanyan reservoir and subsequently released to the irrigation
sectors through the Main Canal 2 (MC2). The idea behind operating this reservoir is to
provide sufficient irrigation to the irrigation area by reducing the transit time as well as
guarantee irrigation water supply in the event of emergency repairs on the Tiga Dam, which
may require temporary closure. There are also night storage reservoirs (9Nos), which are
used to store water at night to be released later in the day for irrigation.
Challawa Gorge Dam and Reservoir: The Challawa Gorge Dam is located across the
Challawa River with a maximum height of 42 m. The dam was completed in 1992 and is
7.804 km long. The reservoir has a surface area of about 100 km2 and a total storage capacity
of about 930 million m3 out of which the active storage is about 904 million m
3. The purpose
Page xl of 174
of the reservoir is to store water for use at the Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project and water
supply to Kano City and Wudil town; hence the water supply component is managed by the
Hadejia Jama’are River Basin Development Authority. TRIMING intervention in this
reservoir is limited to electromechanical structures.
Major Components of the Proposed Works
The proposed TRIMING Project intervention includes the rehabilitation of the existing
irrigation scheme and completion of the uncompleted sectors under KRIS covering 14,314
ha. This intervention will bring the irrigation scheme to its full potential with consideration
for other water users downstream of the irrigation scheme. Furthermore, the project
investment will increase employment opportunity within the project area and also improve
the livelihood of farmers.
The project area is divided into the East and the West branch sections by the Shimar River,
which with the Kano River drains the project area. In addition three (3) sectors abstracts
water directly from the Gayare Branch Canal. In the West Branch Canal region at present 29
Sectors have been fully developed, while in the East Branch canal section there are 14 sectors
of about (with 11 sectors completed and 3 uncompleted).
Proposed rehabilitation works needed in the Main Canal comprise:
● Construction of a new cross regulator at the end of the first section of the Main Canal;
● Construction of the sills in the Rano cross regulator and repairs of the gates;
● Rehabilitation of the Ruwan Kanya Reservoir spillway (under the Dam Safety
Component);
● Reshaping of parts of service roads along the canal;
● Repairs of damages in the canal lining; and
● Purchase of a typha cutter (as part of more typha cutters needed for other project areas
and River Training Component), including training.
Proposed Rehabilitation Works for the East Branch Canal (EBC)
● Repair of cracks along the EBC;
● Construction of a cross regulator at the beginning of the EBC (it has never been
constructed);
● Some 3 km downstream of the off take from the MC2, on the Shimar River, the head
works for the EBC are located at Chikantina comprising a weir and scouring gates
(under a bridge) and the EBC headworks with three gates. Two of these gates cannot
be operated at present and need to be serviced;
● Servicing of the scouring gates: The scouring gates are not operated and sediments in
front of the EBC gates have built up and needs to be removed; and
● On the EBC a cross regulator together with a spillway needs to be constructed. Just
downstream of the cross regulator a broad crested measuring weir is to be integrated
Page xli of 174
in the regulator structure (similar to the one at the Garum Baba Head works for the
WBC).
Sediment removal/De-silting along the course of the EBC;
Proposed Rehabilitation Works for the West Branch Canal (WBC)
● Repairs of the gates at the Garum Baba Headworks; Sediment removal/De-silting
along the course of the WBC;
● Repairs of damaged parts of the concrete lining of the WBC;
● Extensive reconstruction of 1.5km of the WBC around the Bengaza, Waire and
Yantomo Sectors;
● Repair of cracks along the WBC;
● Repairs of cross regulators at the WBC;
● Servicing of the scouring gates: The scouring gates are not operated and sediments in
front of the EBC gates have built up and needs to be removed.
To ensure access to drinking water and ease of mobility for livestock in KRIS, watering
points and crossing corridors have been provided in the design at mutually agreed locations.
The crossing / bridges are at an average of 2km apart and are proposed closed to communities
along the long canals. Furthermore, the design envisages that each sector WUA will be
provided with a meeting place and an office within the scheme.
Legal Framework for Land Acquisition
The legal framework for land acquisition in Nigeria is the Land Use Act of 1978, reviewed
under Cap 202, 1990. The relevant World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12), which
addresses land acquisition and involuntary resettlement was reviewed. The differences
between the Land Use Act and the Bank’s OP 4.12 are mostly in rehabilitation measures,
which are neither proscribed nor mandated in the Act.
Hence it is noted in this RAP that in the event of any divergence between the Laws in Nigeria
and that of the Bank’s OP 4.12, the more beneficial to the Project Affected Persons shall take
precedence in the implementation of this RAP.
Census Cut-Off Date
The established cut off-date to record the PAPs in the project area was December 8, 2016
which was made known to the PAPs and communities during the stakeholders meeting, and
other means of channel of communications to the stakeholders. In the event of project delay
for more than three years from the cutoff date, the socioeconomic survey carried out for this
RAP would need to be updated.
Benefit of the Project
The Project rehabilitation work will focus on the existing irrigated land (rather than an
expansion of irrigation into rain-fed agricultural land). The positive project impacts for the
primary stakeholders are therefore expected to be far more important than the negative
impacts. Economic development of the area and region as a whole is the long-term objective
and is associated with improved agricultural practices through crop irrigation. The economic
Page xlii of 174
benefits of the Project will, in turn profit the broader community, the zone and region as a
whole. The main potential positive impacts of the project are listed below:
Increased cropping intensity due to provision of dry season irrigation water;
Increased crop yields due to improved drainage, inputs and crop husbandry;
Increased crop diversity due to an improvement of land capability by irrigation and
drainage and improved access to seeds and markets;
Increased livestock productivity thanks to increased availability of crop residue and
development of irrigated fodder crops;
Increased and stabilised household incomes from agriculturally related goods and
services – and associated local employment including for scheme operation and
maintenance;
Improved institutional capacity of government organizations responsible for water
management and agricultural development at local levels;
Improved road access with many associated benefits;
Social development particularly due to the establishment and operation of
democratic, gender sensitive and transparent water management organizations at
different levels
Reduced impacts from flooding;
Incidences of water-borne diseases malaria are likely to reduce following
introduction of irrigation systems into the area, they shall help to drain excess water;
Increased water supply and reliability;
Improved on-farm productivity;
Improved financial returns from farming;
Longer-term food security;
Better nutrition.
Furthermore, during construction period there could be both short-term and long term
opportunities and benefits such as requirement of labour workforce; and contractual
opportunities in the provision of direct support services such as hiring of vehicles, canteen
services, etc. The details of these potential opportunities for local communities will be
finalised in the biding documents for contractors undertaking the works.
Negative Impacts of Proposed Work
The assets inventory identified farm lands and the annual seasonal crops on them as the main
asset impacted by the project. With regard to PAPs, a total number of 42,450 farmlands /
farmers are identified as project affected. No PAP will lose his/her land. They will however
be deprived access to Irrigation water for at most one farming season. This is anticipated to
adversely affect their income and livelihood. However, mitigation measures have been
identified to compensate for this temporary financial loss.
Mitigation Measures
In order to improve the livelihoods of PAPs or restore them to the pre-displacement levels as
well as provide a safety net for all the PAPs and improve their livelihoods until they become
self-sufficient and resilient to economic stresses as they were pre-project or even better,
appropriate mitigation measures have been designed in this RAP for all PAPs. This includes
for instance, the provision of compensation payment to all the PAPs for lost farming season.
For the vulnerable, priority shall be given in all mitigation measures relating to them and
Page xliii of 174
stress to this group shall be avoided, especially where mitigation measures include physical
preparation of sites is required.
To adequately mitigate the negative impacts on the PAPs, the costs of the damage to assets
have been considered by generating current market values and estimates for how much it
would cost to replace or repair affected asset based on the replacement value; the amount
sufficient to replace lost assets and cover transaction costs. Unit costs were largely calculated
using information from the local markets. A Register has been prepared for the PAPs with
regard to their losses and compensation. The mitigation measures will be delivered to the
PAPs before start of civil works at any of the sectors.
Other mitigation measures are plans to carry out the civil works in phases sector by sector in
order to ensure that affected farmers in any sector lose at most one farming season.
Project Impact and Compensation Eligibility
PAPs eligible for compensation shall be those who experience loss of their assets or
livelihoods as a result of the proposed irrigation scheme rehabilitation works as shown in
table (1).
During the rehabilitation works, no houses, schools, mosques or markets will be affected
by this redevelopment as these have all been excluded from the design however three (3)
demarcated makeshift praying areas within the 5meter besides the collector drains in
some sectors may be affected and some palm fronds resting area. No family will lose
part of their agricultural land. If however there are crops in their fields that are not yet
mature for harvest as of the time of civil works commencement that will be affected, these
families will be compensated for the un-harvested crops.
The rehabilitation works of the scheme is estimated to last 3-4 years, to be executed in
phases; sector by sector. In the scheme, farmers cultivate during both raining and dry season.
Their raining season cultivation will not be disturbed as work will focus on the drainages and
canals. However, during the dry season period, some farmers will suffer temporary losses
as a result of the rehabilitation work (due to inability to irrigate). These losses, which vary
from sector to sector will be compensated for.
Table 1: Entitlement Matrix.
Types of
losses
Eligibility Compensation strategy Other measures
Loss of land
Title holder, lease
holder, tenants,
squatters and other
occupants using the
land
Provision of compensation
alternatives to enable the
PAPs to choose the best
(cash or in kind
compensation)
Resettlement assistance
Loss of
business
Business owners Payment of anticipated profit
for period of relocation.
Replacement compensation
for assets which cannot be
moved
Provide travelling allowance
based on the nature of the
business
Loss of crops
and trees
All owners of crops
and trees
Cash compensation for lost
crops and trees
Provide assistance with
accessing farming inputs
Page xliv of 174
(seeds)
Loss of wage
labour
All employees who
lose their jobs as a
result of project
construction activities
Ensure transfer of
jobs/identification of similar
jobs
Provision of transition
allowance for the intermediate
period)
Special assistance for vulnerable groups:
Vulnerable persons among the project affected persons (PAP) will be identified and special
assistance offered during the compensation implementation process. Criteria includes age-above
65 years, physical/mental disability, female-headed households, widows, orphaned children and
bedridden or seriously sick persons.
Loss of
communal
natural
resources
Forest and water
sources
Ensure access to equivalent
resources or restore these in
the new settlement area
Provide the supportive
allowance until natural
resource livelihood is restored
Loss of
communal
grazing land
Communal and private
land
Relocate other grazing places
around the new resettlement
area
Relocate other grazing places
around the new resettlement
area
All PAPs must be given opportunity to harvest all their present crops in 2017 before civil
works commences. In the event that work exceeds 5 meters setback in any sector,
compensation must be paid for all assets affected.
Resettlement of PAPs and Livelihood Restoration
The PAPs were informed of the different mitigation measures/compensation package,
resettlement assistance, and livelihood improvement options available to them and shall be
given the opportunity to express their preferences during operation. This preference
resettlement planning is part of a development approach that aims to ensure that the PAPs are
able to reconstruct their production bases and become self-sustaining, at least to pre-work
level. The PAPs have agreed to support the project and also accept the various resettlement
benefits which are to be provided to improve their means of livelihood or restore it to pre‐impact status.
Public Participation
Public participation in this RAP include consultations and communications. The consultation
included a two-way process in which ideas about the project and concerns of stakeholders
and the project designers were shared and considered mutually by affected populations and
other stakeholders. Communication included the dissemination of information of project
activities to the concerned public and other relevant issues.
Relevant stakeholders, namely relevant local government officials, Community leaders and
other opinion leaders in the communities, PAPs and other individual people and special
interest groups such as CBOs/trade unions, etc., were met. At the meetings the overview of
the project and appreciation of RAP and other related information were presented to the
stakeholders.
Furthermore, during consultation, the displaced persons and community members were
provided information and consulted on resettlement options available to them, and offered
opportunities to participate in planning, implementing, and monitoring resettlement as well
the grievance redress mechanism. Thus, the PAPs specifically were told that they have the
Page xlv of 174
opportunity to air their concerns and suggestions which will be incorporated to the extent
possible in project design and implementation of this RAP. They were made aware of their
rights, which include compensation for impacts and alternatives – even if they are willing to
give up land, assets and or livelihood in the general public interest. They also discussed their
concerns and views about the intervention work.
It was also emphasized that compensation will only be for those who are affected in the
course of the proposed rehabilitation work. Furthermore, the stakeholders were informed of
the need to make available qualified local labour during the works as may be requested by the
contractor through the community leaders. Directly affected local PAPs will be given priority
for this employment.
RAP Coordination and Implementation
The implementation of the RAP shall require close collaboration among all the stakeholders
with a mutual understanding reached at the beginning of implementation phase. The
institutional arrangement has been reasonably designed to involve all relevant Stakeholders,
with the TRIMING Project PMU providing overall oversight. The KRIS project office
(HJRBDA) will ensure that this RAP is satisfactorily implemented. Also a RAP
Implementation Committee (RIC) made up of representatives of the local farmers, local
communities, traditional leaders/ Village head, KRIS project manager and representatives of
WUA shall lead the RAP implementation with support from the Social Safeguard Specialist
of the TRIMING to ensure adequate handling of the resettlement issues.
Before the commencement of work, the Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC) will
be set up with the participation of the main stakeholders (HJRBDA, Sector WUA, local
leaders, TRIMING). The RIC will liaise with, and receive the work plan for the upcoming 6
months from the contractor as validated by the supervising engineer. The committee will
meet twice per year to review this work plan to determine who will be affected by the project
for payment, in addition to coordinating the activities of the RAP implementation. The RIC
committee will meet specifically in:
May/June the first year to evaluate works to be carried out during the dry season
and determine the farmers to be affected during the works of November to May
in the rehabilitation area.
Furthermore, the committee will also meet every 6 months to re-evaluate farmers’
compensation in line with current inflation and scale up the compensation sum in line with
existing inflation rate.
The committee will develop a list of People Affected by the Project (PAPs) from the RAP
report during its meeting. This list will be disseminated and made public at the HJRBDA and
Sector-WUA level as well as by radio and other means to ensure transparency of the project
so that all farmers would know 3 months in advance if the works of the upcoming year will
impact their farms or not.
This list will be made public at the scheme, with copies posted at the relevant village, sites,
HJRBDA and communities through radio, KRIS project office, town criers etc. After
disclosure, a simple “PAP form” (Annex 7.0) will be distributed to each impacted farmer
through the respective WUA sector leader to be completed by each PAP. The completed form
Page xlvi of 174
will be signed by the project manager (HJRBDA), the Sector-WUA representative and the
traditional leaders. Once the form is filled, the TRIMING Scheme Safeguards Officer with
support from the HJRBDA will assist PAPs who cannot read or write and also ensure that the
forms are properly filled and signed. The completed form with each PAP’s passport affixed
will be presented for final validation at the point of compensation payment. Upon handing
over of compensation to each farmer unit by unit, his/her picture would be taken for record
purpose. Once all the PAPs of each unit and sector are compensated, TRIMING will inform
the WB of the completion of compensation payment to all PAPs in that particular sector.
No civil works contracts for the proposed rehabilitation work shall be initiated unless land
free of any impediment is made available. The major component tasks and schedule for the
RAP implementation have been developed in the RAP.
Strengthening Organizational Capability
Based on the interaction with the relevant stakeholders, assessment and determination of the
characteristics of all PAPs, valuation of assets to be compensated as well as the assessment of
the institutional capacities of the different parties involved in the RAP implementation, areas
of awareness creation and training/capacity building have been identified and budgeted for as
indicated in Table 3.
Table 2: Major Component Tasks and Schedule for the RAP Implementation
Activities 2017 2018 Remarks
MA AP MY AU SE OC MA AU SE OC NO DE
Disclosure of
RAP
Feb./
Mar.
2017
Inauguration
of RIC
April
2017
RIC
Compiles list
of PAPs
May,
2017
Disbursement
of
Compensation
assistance and
any other
Supplementar
y assistance.
Aug./
Sept.
2017
Follow up on
compensation
payment to
PAPs by
RIC/PMU
Sept.
2017
Rehabilitation
/Civil Works
for the dry
season–
Oct.
2017
Page xlvii of 174
Commencem
ent of project
operations.
RIC
Compiles list
of PAPs
Mar,
2018
Disbursement
of
Compensatio
n and any
other
Supplementar
y assistance.
Aug.
/Sept.,
2018
Follow up on
compensation
payment to
PAPs by
RIC/PMU
Sept.,
2018
Rehabilitation
/Civil Works
–
Commencem
ent of project
operations.
Oct,
2018
Income
Restoration
Assessment
On going
Footnote: The timeline drawn above is based on summary of consultations with farmers and
from the 5th
ISM Aid Memoir. It is specifically for the rehabilitation works envisaged for the
dry season period when rain fed farming will not be available to affected farmers.
Payment Schedule
For the rehabilitation works scheduled to commence during the dry season (November –
May), the affected farmers shall be compensated in August-September, two months before
the commencement of the dry season works.
Given the entitlement payment entails a large number of fairly small amounts of money
(approximately 42 US$ )every six months, it was decided that the payment should be made
through a commercial bank, unit by unit according to each farmer’s hydrological boundary at
locations to be determined by the RIC during their meeting. This location shall be
communicated to all farmers ahead of compensation payment date. Bearing in mind that
many of the PAPs do not have bank accounts, a series of financial literacy workshops will
be delivered in order to ensure that people are able to maximise their compensation
wisely. In compliance with World Bank safeguards, farmers must be compensated before
works start.
Page xlviii of 174
Findings from this RAP revealed that an average land tenure arrangement in the scheme is
0.40ha per family, therefore, the compensation payment would be on average of ₦13,000
(0.4ha) per season (approximately 42 US$ per season). These sums have been calculated on a
full replacement basis, which means that the amount paid to farmers will be sufficient for
their livelihood for the entire season.
In the course of implementing this RAP, special attention shall be given to vulnerable
individuals and households such as the elderly, widows, people living with disability deaf
farmer and other handicapped farmer among the PAPs. The PAP form of payment of each
PAP and his/her photograph will be kept by the TRIMING project office, the representative
of the commercial bank dispensing the cash and the KRIS project office.
Budget Estimate
The total cost implication for the implementation at the present calculated costs for the RAP
is ₦481,199,176.70 (USD $1,527,616.43@ N315 per USD$1) only as shown in Table 3. This
sum is expected to cover compensation assets affected and additional mitigations for
livelihood restoration measures, coordination of additional mitigations, grievance
management and compensation commission. In addition, a provision of 10% of this total
budget for contingencies such as inflation that shall be allowed and added to the current
budget.
Table 3: Budget Estimate for the RAP Implementation
S/N ITEM COST
(NAIRA)
Total (NAIRA)
A Compensation for
A1 Land N/A
A2 Agricultural resources 425,516,337
A3 (3nos) Makeshift Praying Area 45,820 x 3 137,460.00
A4 (10nos)wooden ( Resting area) 25,000 x 10 250,000.00
A5 (5nos)Palm fronds Structures 10,000 x 5 50,000.00
Sub-total 425,953,797.00
B ADDITIONAL MITIGATIONS
B1 Grievance management 2,000,000.00
Sub-total 2,000,000.00
C IMPLEMENTATION COSTS
C1 Compensation Commission witness 1,500,000.00
C2 Capacity building/Institutional Strengthening 1,500,000.00
C3 Disclosure 500,000.00
C4 Counseling of the Vulnerable and subsequent
monitoring of PAPs
2,000,000.00
C5 Logistic 4,000,000.00
Sub-total 11,500,000.00
D Total 437453,797.00
E + Contingencies 10% 43,745,379.70
F Grand total 481,199,176.70
@ N315 to 1$ equivalent ($1,527,616.43)
*Allow farmers to harvest their crops before civil works for the project to reduce the cost
Page xlix of 174
*cost of economic trees is not included because the economic trees are more of perennials
and will not be cut off within the farms, therefore will not be affected.
During consultation with the design consultant and the KRIS project team, it was suggested
that work commence on smaller sectors before the bigger sectors, as the prompt delivery of
rehabilitated smaller sectors will elicit cooperation from other (bigger)sectors seeing the
improvement in the rehabilitated sectors.
TRIMING Project is the source of funds for the payment of the necessary compensations and
mitigation measures and overall implementation of the RAP.
Page l of 174
Table 4: Suggested KRIS Rehabilitation Work Plan
YEAR COMPLETE
D. SECTORS
Ha BUDGET (₦) US$ UNCOMPLETED.
SECTORS
Ha BUDGET (₦) US$
5. Cirin
Shiye
Kode
Yuri
Kuluma
Ruga
Yakasia
Karfi
Tsauni
Makworo
Kosawa
2,991.29 97,230,194.00 308,667.28 Makunturi 288.89 9388855.00 29,805.89
6. Tsanbanki
Lauteye
Turba
Ungwa Rimi
Korawa
Bunkure A
Bunkure B
Pako
Dalili
M. Gabas
Majabo
Butalawa
Gori North
Gori South
Rakauna
3,000.17 97509692.00 309,554.58 Dambala 205.65 6683585.00 21,217.73
Page li of 174
Maura
Azore I & II
7. Bengaza
Waire
Yantomo
Barnawa
Gayere
Samawa
Kore
3,139.34 102,030,792.00 323907.28 Unguwar Rimi B 154.74 5028645.00 15,963.95
8. Kadawa
Dorawa
Gafan
Agolas
Yadakwari
Raje
Agalawa
3,311.98 107,644,574.00 341728.81
SUB
TOTAL
12,442.78 404,415,252.00 1,283,857.94 649.28 21,101,085.00 66,987.57
Page lii of 174
Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
Disputes and grievances are common occurrences in any human organization as such this is
expected in the project. However, precise the RAP is implemented, it is believed that some
project affected persons are likely to feel inadequately treated during the implementation of
this RAP. In this regard, a well-structured and culturally appropriate Grievance Redress
Mechanism (GRM) has been developed. The grievance redress mechanism is aimed at
reducing problems and complexities during implementation.
The GRM process was developed out of extensive consultation with all potential project
affected persons, during which affected persons were informed of the provisions under the
RAP for addressing any complaint, grievance or dispute arising from the RAP
implementation in a transparent, credible and culturally acceptable manner. The grievance
redress mechanism is localized with active involvement of traditional rulers, WUA
leadership, KRIS project and women leaders. It provides a cost effective, affordable and
accessible third party settlement of grievance, dispute or complaints.
Grievance Redress Process
The grievance redress process has been simplified to ensure accessibility to all PAPs. All
grievances will be screened and assessed for possible solution approach before implementing
the solution. The first point of call for resolving grievance is at the unit level (contact person).
If redress at this level fails, the sector level (contact person) will intervene to resolve it. If
resolution is achieved at this level, the grievance case will be closed. If not, it shall be
referred to the scheme level social and social safeguard officer who then decides where the
case should go for resolution. The judiciary will be the last resort if all the above processes
fail.
Management of Reported Grievance
An aggrieved PAP files his/her complaint at the corresponding level (unit WUA and Sector
WUA) verbally, in writing, by telephone call or SMS to the publicized relevant applicable
phone number at each level. Written complaint will be signed and dated in a complaint log
book. In the same manner, records of all telephone/ informal complaints shall also be kept.
TRIMING scheme level social safeguard officer, supported by the WUA representative and
KRIS project team will ensure the correctness of the complaint / grievance and also ensure
resolution is reached. The scheme level social and environmental officer will write on behalf
of aggrieved PAPs who cannot write. This will be signed / thumb printed by the aggrieved
PAP.
Grievance Log and Response Time
Redress process starts upon the receipt and registration of grievance/ complaint at the
applicable uptake level (unit/sector). If redress is not achieved at these levels, an aggrieved
PAP is free to seek further redress. In this regard, a grievance redress form will be filled by
the aggrieved PAP, which must contain all information regarding the complaint and the
complainant. As a last step after the social safeguard officer, this will be presented to the
TRIMING PMU (Project Coordinator) for deliberation and resolution. The response time for
each complaint/ grievance will depend on the issue to be addressed. However, all complaint/
grievance should be acted upon within 10 working days. All information regarding the
complaint, complainant, response time and resolution shall be uploaded into the project
database.
Page liii of 174
Monitoring and evaluation
In addition to uploading information regarding complaint in the project database, the scheme
level social safeguard officer will keep weekly record/report of all complaints, status of the
complaints and any outstanding issue requiring attention. This will also be shared with the
scheme level M&E officer for monitoring. Generally, the monitoring and evaluation of the
RAP will be a continuous process and TRIMING shall play a key role in reporting the
progress of implementation as well as compliance to the World Bank policy.
Disclosure
After clearance from The World Bank, the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be publicly
disclosed in Nigeria, in both English and Hausa (executive summary) and on the World Bank
Infoshop.
Page 1 of 174
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background
The International Development Agency (IDA) has approved a credit facility for the Federal
Government of Nigeria (FGN) towards the cost of Transforming Irrigation Management in
Nigeria (TRIMING) Projects. The improved performance of irrigation and water resources
infrastructure and institution for higher agricultural productivity in selected irrigation
schemes in Northern Nigeria is the primary aim of TRIMING project.
The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve access to irrigation and drainage
services and to strengthen institutional arrangements for integrated water resources
management and agriculture service delivery in selected large-scale public schemes in
Northern Nigeria. Kano River Irrigation scheme is one of such schemes.
The project consists of four (4) components namely: Water Resources Management and Dam
Operation Improvement; Irrigation Development and Management; Enhance Agricultural
Productivity and Support Value Chains Development; and Institutional Development and
Project Management.
The Water Resources Management and Dam Operation Improvement component of the
project is part of the piloting support for the transformative water resources sector
institutional reforms covering policies, enabling legislation, regulatory instruments,
organizational restructuring and dam safety assessment procedures currently being
formulated for enactment by the FGN. It has two components which include support to
Integrated Water Resource Management and subcomponent and Dam Operations
Improvement and Safety.
The second component of the project which is Irrigation Development and Management
seeks to effectively make use of the sunk costs invested in the existing schemes and the
capacities built over the years, the Project will focus on rehabilitating these schemes. This
component also has two subcomponents namely Irrigation support Infrastructure which will
support rehabilitation of about 13,000 ha to improve the performance of the irrigation area in
downstream of the existing storage reservoirs and subcomponent 2 which is aims to improve
Irrigation Management, involve the implementation of a progressive management transfer to
users’ regulated bodies in the form of Water Users Associations (WUAs) and to autonomous
professional operators, either public or private.
The third component of the project is to Enhance Agricultural Productivity and Support
Value Chains Development. This Component will provide resources to enhance farmers’
productivity in the rehabilitated schemes, and improve their participation in the value chains
development. The component will put a specific focus on value chain management and
capacity building for improved job opportunities through promotion of small and medium-
size local entrepreneurs, and inclusion of youth and women in project activities clustered
around two sub-components- Support to Agricultural Productivity and Market Linkages; and
Support to Innovation and Research / Development.
Page 2 of 174
The fourth component of the project which is Institutional Development and Project
Management will provide support to the building of capacity in the irrigation and water
resources sector management in general and to the key project actors in particular. The
project will also work towards the creation of inclusive and accountable management of the
sector and, finally, the evidence based monitoring of the roll out of these pilots so that
appropriate adoptions can be made and lessons for scale up generated. It will also support the
following two subcomponents – Institutional development and Governance; and Project
Management and Monitoring & Evaluation (M & E).
1.1 Need for Resettlement Action Plan
To improve the irrigation services in the Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) significant
rehabilitation works on the irrigation infrastructure is required which might lead to the
physical displacement of people and the disruption of their livelihoods.
A review of the feasibilities studies conducted to assess the current conditions of the
irrigation and drainage infrastructures in the KRIS reveal that the old irrigation sectors have
surpassed their end of lifetime since 10 to 15 years or even longer and are in urgent need of
rehabilitation. Construction contracts in the KRIS for completion of sectors that were not
completed under earlier contracts halted in 2008 (KRIS), leaving large parts of the works
again unfinished and works for six large sectors in KRIS had not even started.
The literature review reveals that recently completed works are showing deficiencies, for
example in land leveling and too high levels of irrigation field turn outs which render the
fields difficult to irrigate. Another finding is that the cultivated area being irrigated in the dry
season is far below the once completed command areas. On average over the past three to
four years the actually irrigated area is some 36%.
The Policy of the World Bank (WB) is to ensure that persons involuntarily resettled caused
by the taking of land in the context of a project supported by the Bank, have an opportunity to
restore or improve their level of living to at least the pre-project level or better off. Project
affected people should participate in the benefits of the project and they should be given
options regarding how they restore or improve their previous level of living in accordance
with World Bank Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12) or performance
standard 5 of the WB.
In the TRIMING project, it is not sufficient for communities to passively accept project
works and the impacts of these works. Rather they must be mobilized to contribute actively to
project design and implementation and to maintain the works following implementation. This
feature underscores the need for accurate analysis of local social organization with a view to
ensuring social inclusion in project implementation.
As such those affected by this loss will need to be resettled and compensated. This is why a
RAP is required.
Where a project involves the displacement of 200 people or more, a full Resettlement Action
Plan (RAP) is required but when it involves fewer than 200 people, an Abbreviated
Page 3 of 174
Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) is required. In the KRIS project, a full resettlement action
plan RAP would be required.
Thus, the RAP being prepared shall specify the procedures to follow and the actions to take
to properly resettle and compensate affected people and communities. The RAP shall identify
the full range of people affected by the project and justify their displacement after
consideration of alternatives that would minimize or avoid displacement.
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the RAP
The aim of the RAP is to identify and assess the human impact of the proposed works on the
Kano River Irrigation Project, This RAP prepared by TRIMING project serves as a document
that outlines how the resettlement will be managed to fulfill the objectives of WB OP 4.12
which includes the identification of the impacts, types and levels of compensation and other
measures based on the value of assets that will be lost and includes action plan for allocating
compensation and budget for implementation etc.
This RAP is a document prepared by the TRIMING project for the resettlement of the
affected people and communities, specifying the procedures it will follow and the actions it
will take to properly resettle and compensate affected people and communities.
Specifically, the Objectives of the RAP for KRIS are to:
● Identify the full range of people affected by the project and justify their displacement
after consideration of alternatives that would minimize or avoid displacement and;
● Prepare an Action Plan to be implemented to properly resettle and compensate
affected people and communities in line with World Bank Policy and Nigeria policies
and laws To ensure a fair and transparent process of compensation and resettlement;
● Conducting consultations with identified project affected persons (PAPs), based on
the census of the affected sites;
● Ensure a sound mitigation plan for those whose farmland will temporarily be affected
as a result of the TRIMING project.
1.3 Scope and Task of the RAP
● Description of the project: General description of the project and affected project
areas.
● Map: Produce map to delineate households, farm plots Trees and economic crops
within the project area
● Potential Impacts: Identification of the: (i) components or activities that require
resettlement or restriction of access; (ii) zone of impact of components or activities;
(iii) alternatives considered to avoid or minimize resettlement or restricted access; and
(iv) mechanisms established to minimize resettlement, displacement, and restricted
access, to the extent possible, during project implementation. (v) number of people to
be affected
● Socio-economic studies: Socio-economic studies to be conducted with the
involvement of potentially affected people
● Legal framework, eligibility, entitlement
● Valuation of affected assets and compensation for losses
● RAP implementation responsibility and implementation schedule
● Cost and budget for the RAP
Page 4 of 174
● Grievance Redress process
● Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation.
1.4 Guiding Principles for the RAP
In order to ensure that the RAP fulfills the World Bank’s Policy OP4.12 and the Nigerian
legislation, the following provided the guiding principles:
Resettlement must be avoided or minimized
Genuine consultation must take place
Establishment of a pre-resettlement baseline data
Assistance in relocation must be made available where applicable
A fair and equitable set of compensation options must be negotiated
Resettlement must take place as a development opportunity that ensures that PAPs
benefit
Vulnerable social groups must be specifically catered for
Resettlement must be seen as an upfront project cost
An independent monitoring and grievance procedure must be in place
World Bank’s Operational Procedure on forced Resettlement must apply
1.5 Approach/Methodology of RAP Preparation
The phases for preparing the proposed RAP include: Literature review; Public Consultation,
Data Gathering/ Census Identification of potential impacts; e.g. for baseline conditions,
institutional arrangement, capacity, etc. are outlined in Table 1.1
Table1.1: Phases for Preparing the RAP
S/N
o
Phase Activity
RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN PREPARATION
1 Literature and
Policy/Legal
Review
Obtain the project RPF, ESMF, ESIA and design for the project from
the client.
Obtain the Project Implementation Management Manual for the
Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria Project, August
2016
Obtain the Project Appraisal Document
Obtain and review maps and proposed design layout covering the
project area to better understand the project route.
Develop data gathering Instrument and Checklist in preparation for
detailed field survey
Initial Consultation
Page 5 of 174
2 Field
Investigation
and Data
Collection
Reconnaissance Survey/visits to sites between August 30th
– 5th
September, 2016
Commence definitive field investigation
Socioeconomic Survey of activities on the sites
Census of Affected properties and Businesses
Consultation and focus group discussions; This included interactions
with government authorities at national, state and local government
level (Kura, Bunkure and Garun-Mallam local governments),
traditional leaders in all the communities within the KRIS scheme,
Water Users Associations (WUA’s), Hadeja Jama’are River Basin
Authority, Herders, with representatives of relevant institutions and
relevant MDAs, e.g. Ministries of Environment, Land and Survey,
and other relevant private/individual/CBO organizations and with
PAPs
Land surveys to determine the proportion of land acquired from each
PAP
Census of the project sites in relation to number of various features
affected, affected structures, displaced persons, infrastructural
facilities affected etc.
Valuation
Field data quality check will be carried out on return from the field
to ensure consistency and elimination of errors before data entry
commences.
Data entry and processing
3 Analysis of
Social Data Assess data from the field instrument against the checklist.
Census and asset inventory assets/ cut-off date.
Calculation of compensation rates/values
Findings and Recommendations from analysis
4 RAP
preparation Identification of impacts
Develop entitlement matrix and eligibility criteria for compensation.
Design mitigation and management plans
Development of RAP Implementation process and Schedule
IMPLEMENTING THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN
1 Getting Ready
for
Implementation
Draw up RAP implementation plan with budget and timeline
Identification and provision of adequate PMU staff to participate at
the various implementation stages when necessary
Training for key project staff and all staff working in the
resettlement implementation agency on key features of the
resettlement plan.
Activation of implementation coordination mechanisms
Continue consultations with displaced persons
Update census and socio-economic surveys, if necessary.
Page 6 of 174
2 Payment of
Compensation
Payment of compensation through the following process:
Pay compensation to PAPs.
Inform all households’ members about compensation payments.
Offer of resettlement sites for occupation by PAPs.
Offer of jobs, if provision of alternative employment is part of the
resettlement package.
Offer of training, seed capital, credit, and other agreed entitlements,
if the resettlement package includes assistance for self-employment,
Payment of cash compensation for economic rehabilitation, if a cash
option is selected
Prepare and submit RAP implementation report
3 Monitoring and
Evaluation
Finalization of internal and external monitoring arrangements
Establishment of systematic tabling of the results of internal and external
monitoring implementation, monitoring, supervision, and evaluation, etc.
4 Grievance
Redress
Activate and ensure adequacy in use of mechanism in the RAP with regard
to procedures for handling grievances
5 Documentation Development of relevant documents for implementation, monitoring
grievance redress, etc.
1.6 Avoidance / Minimization of Resettlement
Measures to avoid or minimize displacement in the course of, Rehabilitation Works for the
Main Canal and Associated Structures in the KRIS are:
● Altering alignments and technical designs to be within the 5metres setback on the
existing structures ROW to avoid displacement as much as possible.
● Precise scheduling of construction to secure access to farming business and customers
● Precise scheduling of construction to secure access to water Treatment plant at
Challawa Gorge dam
● Pre-construction community meetings and adequate notification
● Adequate stakeholder engagement;
● Integration of communities/settlements into project design;
● Creation of watering points for cattle within the setbacks zone on the KRIS.
● Ensure reliable water resources without creating major conflict with other users and
uses;
● Hands on social monitoring and supervision as the project impacted on the Irrigation
scheme mainly.
1.7 Design / Rehabilitation Criteria
The proposed TRIMING project intervention in the KRIS scheme involves the rehabilitation
of existing irrigation structures, hence the original design concept, system layout, location of
structures and sector coding system were retained. The scheme rehabilitation selection
criteria were:
Availability of land/soil suitable for gravity command;
Size of 2,000 ha/scheme or above to avoid fragmentation;
Reliable water resources without creating major conflict with other users and uses;
Farmer occupier land tenure system preferred;
Schemes not involving significant resettlement with only minor land acquisition in
connection with irrigation infrastructures.
Page 7 of 174
1.7.1 Layout
The layout in KRIS consist of a system of primary canals (Main Canal and three Branch
Canals) transports the water from the Tiga reservoir to and through the irrigable areas. The
primary canals then feed a system of secondary canals (Lateral Canals ‘LCs’ and Distributary
Canals ‘DCs’) which in turn distribute the water effectively throughout the irrigable areas.
The secondary canals will feed the tertiary canals (Field Channels) which run along the
individual farmer’s plot.
1.7.2 Rehabilitation works
In KRIS, the Lateral Canals and Sub-Lateral Canals (LCs and Sub LCs) have concrete lining,
but most Distributary Canals (DCs) have clay lining, with exception of sectors developed in
2003 – 2008. In the sectors under consideration for rehabilitation by TRIMING in KRIS, it
has been proposed that all secondary canals (LCs and DCs) previously unlined or clay lined
will be reconstructed with concrete lining.
1.7.3 Consideration for cattle herders
Livestock production is an integral part of the farming systems of the people of KRIS. The
livestock production system is generally traditional and is characterized by a reliance on
natural pastures, crop residues and by-products of cereals processing for the sustenance of
livestock productivity. Therefore, Cattle traverse the entire irrigation scheme area and this
practice it appears has come to stay.
In order to minimize the constraints, damages to infrastructures and conflict which often arise
in the scheme areas, surrounding watering points and crossings have been included in the
proposed design with feedback from stakeholders. In the new design, unlike what is currently
obtained, cattle herds would not need to access the canals to drink water. The troughs will be
located some meters away from the canals.
The perimeter roads along the collector drains and around the sectors are delineated as cattle
routes and provision for the installation of signpost in the scheme have been made in the
rehabilitation Bill of Quantity.
1.7.4 Roads and Pedestrian Crossing
Laterite service roads were constructed along all primary and secondary (branch, lateral and
distributary) canals. These roads are used for the operation and maintenance of the irrigation
systems, but they also serve the rural areas. These roads are in poor conditions presently.
Most sections have eroded, surfaces undulating, and ponding during rainy season. These
roads will also be rehabilitated under TRIMING intervention.
Considering these service roads run along the irrigation side of the canals to provide easy
access for the community and for O&M operation, pedestrian / canal crossing has been
provided at an average of 2km apart across the canals.
Page 8 of 174
1.8 RAP Reporting Format
This RAP consists of the following chapters:
Chapter One General Background
Chapter Two Project Components and Description of Project Location
Chapter Three Census and Socio-Economic Survey
Chapter Four Impact of the Project
Chapter Five Existing Legal Framework
Chapter Six Valuation and Compensation and Other Resettlement Assistance
Chapter Seven Public Participation and Consultations
Chapter Eight RAP Implementation - Institutional Arrangement
Chapter Nine Grievance Redress Mechanisms
Chapter Ten Monitoring and Evaluation
Page 9 of 174
CHAPTER TWO
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
2.0 Project Area
The Kano River Irrigation Scheme(KRIS), lies between latitude 11045` and 12005` North of
the equator and longitude 08045` and 09005` East of the Greenwich mean. It is located at a
vast area over 25km south of Kano city and it is essentially most of irrigable land both sides
of the Kano Zaria highway and on both sides of the Karfi – Rano highway as indicated by
figure 2.1. It is a scheme designed to provide irrigation facilities for about 22,000 hectares of
land utilizing water release from the Tiga dam (via the Ruwan Kanya reservoir).
Figure 2. 1: KRIS Project Map in Kano State Context
The Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) development which started in the early 1970s with
a planned area of 22,000 ha was planned to be implemented in phases. In phase 1 of the
project, 13,227 ha have been implemented in various stages till 2008. When completed, KRIS
will consist of 50 sectors which vary in size, from the smallest of 28 ha to the largest of 2,343
ha.
Twelve sectors are smaller than 100 ha, while four sectors are larger than 1,000 ha.
The following comprise KRIS system:
Tiga Dam and Reservoir;
Page 10 of 174
Main Canal system - including the Ruwan Kanya Dam and Reservoir;
East Branch Canal system with 14 sectors (has 11 constructed and 3 unfinished
sectors);
Gayere Branch Canal system with 3 sectors, and
West Branch Canal system with 29 sectors (has 27 constructed sectors).
The KRIS system according to the feasibility study comprises the Tiga Dam, Ruwan Kanyan
reservoir, the Main Canal system (MC1 and MC2), the East Branch Canal system (with 14
sectors), the Ganyere Branch Canal (3 sectors) and the West Branch Canal system (with 29
sectors) and the field channels systems which irrigate the farmlands. These irrigate areas
located in seven Local Government Areas in Kano state namely, Tudun Wadan, Rano,
Bebeji, Dawakin Kudu, Garum Mallam, Bunkure and Kura. The scheme (Farmlands) where
the TRIMING rehabilitation civil works of irrigation infrastructure are proposed is however
located in the three local Government Areas (LGA) of Garum Mallam, Bunkure and Kura
southwest of Kano city.
Figure 2. 2: Kano River Irrigation Scheme Project Area
Page 11 of 174
2.0.1 Tiga Dam
The Tiga Dam is an earth dam, designed and built within 1970 to 1974. The dam reservoir
surface area according to the Tiga dam manager is about 18,900 ha with a structural height of
48 m, hydraulic height of 42.68 m and an active storage capacity of 1,845 million m3 at full
supply level. It lies across the Kano River, the main tributary of the Hadejia River. Water
from the dam supplies the Kano River Irrigation Project. However, reduction in the reservoir
capacity due to sedimentation since its construction has not been assessed.
2.0.2 Ruwan Kanya Reservoir
The Ruwan Kanya Reservoir is a 3.66 km long earth filled dam with storage capacity of
58million cubic meters of water which serve as a complimentary reservoir to the Tiga dam. It
is located at about 5.1 km downstream of the Tiga Dam. According to the feasibility study,
water release from the Tiga Dam through the Main Canal 1 (MC1) is transmitted into the
Ruwan Kanyan reservoir and subsequently released to the irrigation sectors through the Main
Canal 2 (MC2).
The idea behind operating this reservoir is to provide sufficient irrigation to the irrigation area
by reducing the transit time as well as guarantee irrigation water supply in the event of
emergency repairs on the Tiga Dam, which may require temporary closure. There are also
night storage reservoirs (9Nos), which are used to store water at night to be released later in
the day.
Figure 2. 3: Ruwan Kanya Reservoir
2.0.3 Challawa Gorge Dam and Reservoir
The Challawa Gorge Dam is located across the Challawa River with a maximum height of 42
m. The dam was completed in 1992 and is 7.804 km long. The reservoir has a surface area of
about 100 km2 and a total storage capacity of about 930 million m
3 out of which the active
storage is about 904 million m3. The purpose of the reservoir is to store water for use at the
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project and water supply to Kano City and Wudil town; hence the
water supply component is managed by the Hadejia Jama’are River Basin Development
Authority. TRIMING intervention in this reservoir is limited to electromechanical structures.
Page 12 of 174
2.1 KRIS Irrigation and Infrastructures
Based on findings from interaction with the scheme management, the feasibility studies and
ESIA report, the KRIS irrigation system was designed by NEDECO in the early seventies,
during which construction also commenced. This was followed by three major contracts
executed by NECCO (1980 to 1982), Taylor Woodrow (1982 to 1984) and Gilmore (2003 to
2008). All three (3) construction contracts were hampered by financing problems resulting in
stoppage of the works and termination of contracts, leaving large parts of the works
unfinished. Currently the TRIMING Project seeks to rehabilitate the scheme and also
complete the uncompleted sectors.
2.2 Proposed Rehabilitation Works for the Main Canal and Associated Structures
The proposed TRIMING Project intervention includes the rehabilitation work of the existing
irrigation scheme and completion of the uncompleted sectors under KRIS. This intervention
will bring the irrigation scheme to its full potential with consideration for other water users
downstream of the irrigation scheme. Furthermore, the project investment will increase
employment opportunity within the project area and also improve the livelihood of farmers.
The project area is divided into the East and the West branch sections by the Shimar River,
which with the Kano River drains the project area. In addition three (3) sectors (591 ha)
abstracts water directly from the Gayare Branch Canal. In the West Branch Canal region at
present approximately 12,000 ha (28 Sectors) have been fully developed.
2.2.1 Main Canal
The Main canal (MC) is concrete lined at the off-take originating from the pump house at the
dam gate. The Main canal is crossed by several culverts, foot and vehicular bridges. The
MC1 originates from the Dam and terminates at the Ruwan Kanya reservoir from where MC2
takes off. Some section of the MC1 is stone pitched while the rest is earthen.
The works needed in the Main Canal comprise:
● Construction of a new cross regulator at the end of the first section of the Main Canal;
● Construction of the sills in the Rano cross regulator and repairs of the gates;
● Rehabilitation of the Ruwan Kanya Reservoir spillway (under the Dam Safety
● Component);
● Reshaping of parts of service roads along the canal;
● Repairs of damages in the canal lining; and
● Purchase of a typha cutter (as part of more typha cutters needed for other project areas
and River Training Component), including training.
2.2.2 East Branch Canal (EBC)
The EBC has a length of 24.1 km; cross sections are of variable dimensions depending on the
slope of the natural terrain. The canal crosses two small rivers by siphons. Upstream water
level control that is required for the sector turn out is achieved by two long crested weirs
(duckbill).
Proposed Rehabilitation Works for the East Branch Canal (EBC)
Page 13 of 174
● Repair of cracks along the EBC;
● A cross regulator at the beginning of the EBC has never been constructed;
● Some 3 km downstream of the off take from the MC2, on the Shimar River, the head
works for the EBC are located at Chikantina comprising a weir and scouring gates
(under a bridge) and the EBC head works with three gates. Two of these gates cannot
be operated at present and need to be serviced;
● Servicing of the scouring gates: The scouring gates are not operated and sediments in
front of the EBC gates have built up and needs to be removed; and
● On the EBC a cross regulator together with a spillway needs to be constructed. Just
downstream of the cross regulator a broad crested measuring weir is to be integrated
in the regulator structure (similar to the one at the Garum Baba Head works for the
WBC).
Sediment removal/De-silting along the course of the EBC;
2.2.3 West Branch Canal (WBC)
The WBC starts at the Head Branch Canal Head works and has a length of 32 km. The
dimensions of the canal vary depending on the natural terrain slope and the decreasing
discharge from upstream to downstream as the various sectors are supplied water along the
way. The canal is lined over its entire length with either concrete lining or rubble stone
masonry (stone pitching).
Proposed Rehabilitation Works for the West Branch Canal (WBC:
● Repairs of the gates at the Garum Baba Head works; Sediment removal/De-silting
along the course of the WBC;
● Repairs of damaged parts of the concrete lining of the WBC;
● Extensive reconstruction of 1.5km of the WBC around the Bengaza, Waire and
Yantomo Sectors;
● Repair of cracks along the WBC;
● Repairs of cross regulators at the WBC;
● Servicing of the scouring gates: The scouring gates are not operated and sediments in
front of the EBC gates have built up and needs to be removed.
2.2.4 The Gayere Branch Canal (GBC)
The GBC is 2.84km long. It takes off from the MC2 close to Garum Baba, about 1.5km
upstream of the Rano regulator, the GBC serves three small sectors.
Proposed Rehabilitation Works for Gayere Branch Canal
Repairs of the concrete works and stilling basin needed
Repair of degraded sections of the canal
Reshaping and concrete lining of the GBC
Repair of eroded canal embankments
Rehabilitation and reshaping of service roads along the canals
Page 14 of 174
Figure 2. 4: Map Showing the Study Area
2.3 Potential Project Impacts
The proposed rehabilitation work will have a huge positive impact on the socio economic
life of the average farmer in the scheme and the KRIS project by upgrading the irrigation
scheme to its full potential for sustainability. However, this intervention will equally come
with some level of negative impact in the form of potential disruption of farming / irrigation
activities during rehabilitation work (the mainstay of most locals within the project area)
and loss of income / access to income generating activities.
The Project proposals being considered for KRIS under the TRIMING Project comprises of:
● Irrigation and drainage system rehabilitation and completion of uncompleted sectors;
● Strengthening of the WUAs to enable them to effectively take on lower level system
Operation Management and Maintenance (OMM) with a progressive transfer of bulk
water supply as their capacity is built;
● Introduction of a private sector service provider to take on OMM of the water
transport system from the dams to the WUAs, and
● Agribusiness development and support to enhance production, quality of production
and improvements in the products’ and value chain development.
Page 15 of 174
2.3.1 Zone of Impact of Components or Activities
Going by the design and sector layout, the exact zone of impact of the civil work activities
in the scheme cannot be easily determined, however, all rehabilitation work is limited to the
existing scheme layout as indicated in table 2.1.
The KRIS was designed and built on the basis of water supply by gravity and irrigation
during the day time, with night storage reservoirs for half of the command area. Water level
and discharge control in KRIS is provided by broad or long crested weirs in the branch
canals and by automatic gates in the DCs.
The existing field layouts, field canals, field drains, field tracks and Field Turn Outs (FTOs)
locations cannot be changed and other higher level structures in the water distribution
system are fixed and can also not been changed unless at very high costs. The water control
system is not an issue; the issues are complete lack of scheme OMM, aggravated by Typha
infestation in the canals and reservoirs. Hence, there is no scope for alternative scheme
layouts or for new water distribution technology.
However, alternatives being proposed are for canal linings, water level control and for
Typha control / removal since these aspects are at the core of the deterioration of the
schemes.
In this regard potential impacts envisaged for the rehabilitation works are as follows:
● The zone of impact for the rehabilitation activities is envisaged to be within the
5metres set back from the edges of the existing structures.
● The site camp for equipment shall be carefully selected to avoid impacting on any
social means of people.
● No land take of any individual or communal Structures among communities will be
affected by the rehabilitation project given the rehabilitation work is confined to the
irrigation scheme.
● Temporary disturbance as a result of proposed rehabilitation works to supply of water
to farmers for irrigation
● Temporary access disturbance to farmers as a result of rehabilitation works
● Ongoing fishing activities may be disturbed in the Tiga, Ruwan and Challawa Gorge
project areas.
● Water intake from the Challawa gorge and the Kano river at the Tambuluwa treatment
plant may be affected
● Rice, Millet, Tomato yields in a planting season may be affected.
● Temporary disturbance of access to petty trader along the KRIS access routes in the
course of rehabilitation works.
● The Project Affected Persons (PAPs) exceed 200.
Table2. 1: List of Sectors Proposed for Rehabilitation/Completion under TRIMING
Project
Sector No Sectors Area (ha) Sector No Sector Area (ha)
01 Gayere 130 23 Dalili 66
Page 16 of 174
02 Dorawa 392 24 Butalawa 456
03 Barnawa 56 25 Majabo 146
04 Waire 180 26 Pako 137
05 Bangaza 289 27 Karfi 958
06 Yantomo 193 28 Kosawa 1134
07 Kadawa 722 29 Yakasai 373
08 Gafan 1080 30 Ruga 301
09 Agalawa 160 31 Shiye 28
10 Raje 133 32 Cirin 119
11 Yadakwari 76 33 Kode 98
12 Maura 287 34 Yuri 66
13 Kore 2343 35 Kuluma 147
14 Azore 370 36 Turba 134
15 Samawa 142 37 Tsanbanki 82
16 Gabas 123 38 Lauteye 353
17 Makwaro 34 39 Bunkure A 73
18 Agolas 1091 40 Bunkure B 79
19 Tsauni 41 41 Korawa 177
20 Rakauna 216 42 Ungwar
Rimi
344
21 Gori South 88 43 Makunturi 329
22 Gori North 154 44 Dambala 414
2.3.2 Land Use Pattern in the Project Area
2.3.2.1 Agricultural Activities
The proposed KRIS rehabilitation area is utilized mainly for crop farming, animal grazing,
and housing for the communities.
Page 17 of 174
The predominant land use in the study area is rain fed and irrigated agriculture and animal
husbandry (see figure 2.5). There is significant practice of crop rotation of Sorghum - Millet
- Cowpea in the rain fed areas.
In the irrigated areas the main wet season crops is rice, but maize is grown where there is
inadequate irrigation (higher landscape) as shown in figure 2.5. Dry season crops are maize,
wheat, pepper, tomato, cowpea, vegetables and onions.
Grain crops (especially rice) are grown both in the rainy and in the dry season. The
importance of rice in the areas could be seen everywhere with the proliferation of rice
processing plants. The paddy is harvested and sold to processors who process, bag and
subsequently sell to the markets.
Figure 2. 5: Irrigated Rice Farms with Rice and Upland Maize Farms
2.3.2.2 Economic Activities in the Project Site
The economy of Kano state is driven by commerce, manufacturing and subsistence
agriculture (including cattle rearing). The State as a whole has large scale industries
specifically in the areas of tanneries, textiles, plastic, rubber, paper, leather, food and
beverages among others.
However the project area of KRIS is mainly noted for agricultural commerce. The area is
one of Nigeria’s most important agricultural regions and currently produces food and cash
crops such as sorghum, rice, millet, groundnut, wheat, cowpeas, and vegetables under both
rain-fed and irrigated farming. Findings from the feasibility studies revealed that the
economic activities of more than 95% of the population around the KRIS area is mainly crop
farming with a small percentage of less than 10% combines crop and livestock farming while
about 2% of the population are civil servants.
Other activities include fishing and sand mining as in figure 2.6.
Page 18 of 174
Figure 2. 6: Sand Mining Activities
2.3.2.3 Activities of Pastoralist
Cattle herding constitutes a huge economic activity and livelihood for many of the Fulani
herdsmen within the scheme. The quest for grazing, poor control and invasion of farm lands
often lead to clash between farmers and herders. In order to reduce farmers herders conflict in
the scheme, the TRIMING project have included in the design dedicated cattle routes and
watering point for the cattle in the schemes.
Figure 2. 7: Livestock Farming
Page 19 of 174
2.3.4 Women Involvement in Farming
Culturally, seclusion is a common practice in the project area, however, women directly or
indirectly participate in agriculture or agriculture related activities such as planting/sowing,
weeding, harvesting, processing, packaging etc. Fig 2.9.
Figure 2. 8: Women in harvesting of Rice
Most women who own farm in the scheme often engage male counterpart to cultivate the
field on their behalf. Most of these women are members of women’s organizations which are
very strong in KRIS, but lack strong representation in the WUA membership. However, an
all-inclusive participatory irrigation management requires input decision from women as
well. Annex 2 has a summary of the women in farming concerns and needs.
Figure 2. 9: Women Participation in Consultation at Bunkure and Kura
Page 20 of 174
2.3.5 Land Tenure and ownership System
The land tenure and ownership system in operation in the project area can be described as
operating on dual laws; the federal law otherwise known as the Land Use Act 1978 and the
customary law. The customary law, which was in force in the northern Nigeria, vested land
rights to the community or in the family. Ownership and management of land in many
communities were governed by the customary law of the local community with its varying
characteristics and peculiarities.
In the past, the government acquired some part of the land within the command area where
the Dam and irrigation infrastructures are currently situated. Other undeveloped and farming
areas not acquired by government are still under the traditional individual ownership, which
is still very popular in the area with each landowner recognized by members of the
community. According to the feasibility studies, more than 80% of the farmers own the land
they cultivate with about 40% owning less than one ha.
2.4 Settlement and Governance Structure
The settlement patterns are mostly linear. Several of the communities have houses made of
clay/mud materials. The Fulani’s and Hausa’s are the dominant ethnic group. At the village
level, they have a well-established traditional leadership heritage known as village heads.
Among the residents, the Emir is the apex traditional ruler but palace chiefs and Emirate
council represent the Emir in the daily traditional governance in the communities. Table 2.
2 and 2.3 is a summary of communities in the West Sectors and East Sectors.
Figure2. 10: Migratory Fulani Settlement.
Page 21 of 174
Table2. 2: Villages around the West Sectors
Table2. 3: Villages around the East Sectors
S/N Names of Sectors Villages Around Sector
1 Shinye Shinye, Karana, Kode, Jaraman, Baka, Gora
2 Chirin Shinye, Kode, Gafan, Chirin, Barnawa
3 Kode Gidan Sarki Baka, Gidan Mahota, Gidan Dutse, Gidan Mai
Ungwa, Gidan Mai Rimi
4 Yuri Gidan Mai Rimi, Ungwuar Ajuji, Dogon Jeji
Kode, Sabon Gida, Chirin
S/N Name Of Sector Villages Around Sector
1 Kadawa Kadawa, Chiromawa, Yantomo
2 Gafan Gafan, Makuntiri, Ungwar Kudu, Ungwar Rimi
3 Agalawa Dorawar Sallau
4 Rage Dorawar Sallau
5 Yadakwari Yadakwari
6 Maura Dan Maura
7 Kore Dakasoye, Mudawa, Dauni, Guraza, Bugau, Kadani, Kadage,
Gajinjiri
8 Azore Azore, Gidan Malamai, Yantudu
9 Samawa Samawa Chiki
10 M.Gabas Samawa Chiki
11 Makwaro Makwaro
12 Agolas Kura
13 Tsauni Kura
14 Rakauna Rakauna
15 Gori North Rakauna
16 Gori South Rakauna
17 Dalili Kura
18 Butalawa Butalawa, Katsinawa, Godar Aliyu, Godar, Danzaria, Dinka,
Rimi Kwarya
19 Majabo Rimi Kwarya
20 Pako Rigar Pako, Imawa, Rigar Duka
21 Yakasai Yakasai
22 Dan Hassan Danhassan
23 Kosawa Kosawa, Shan Kafi, Suwaira, Muleka
24 Karfi Karfi, Kirya, Kawa, Gawo
25 Riga Riga, Makaurata
Page 22 of 174
5 Kuruma Dogon Jeji, Gidan Mai Rimi, Doguwar Kanya
Gidan Ajuji, Gunki,
6 Turba Kokotawa, Tsambaki, Gunki, Lauteye,
Gwamma
7 Lauteye Dorayi, Jamaa Laueye, Gunki, Gwamma, Kokotawa, Tsambaki,
Zangon Buhari
8 Tsambaki Zango Kummai, Kawan, Gurigo, Gwamma
Lauteye, Zango Buhari
9 Bunkure A Gwamma, Tugugu, Lauteye, Barkun, Kumuriya, Bono, Kasale,
Kuri, Unguwar , Ragalawa, Bugaje
10 Bunkure B Gwamma, Mashaura, Tugugu, Ghdan, Kaji
Pegin Sha, Zanya , Kulluma
12 Korawa Gidan Kaji, Dandagana, Sabon Pegi
Gurijiya, Tugugu, Korawa
13 Ungwar Rimi Pegin Sha, Fakon, Mazana, Bukokki, Falingo
Danbala
14 Kadawa North Yangajiri, Gidan Mallamai, Yantomo, Sabuwan Nassarawa, Bakin
Gate
15 Kadawa South Kadawa Ciki, Garun Babba, Jamaran Baka,
Yangajiri
16 Yantomo Kadawa
17 Waire Yangajiri, Garun Babba, Yantomo, Jaraman , Baka
18 Bangaza Madefa, Hawan Ganji, Yantomo, Garun, Babban, Bangaza
19 Gayere Yangajiri, Jarambaka, Kadawa, Garunbaba
20 Dorawa Yangajiri, Jarambaka, Kadawa, Garunbaba
21 Barnawa Gidan Bugu, Gidan Zangi, Barnawa
2.5 Social Amenities in the KRIS Area
There are schools located around the communities in the project area. Health centers are also
located at Bunkure and Kura which most of the residents utilize. Several Mosques are also
located in most of the communities in the area.
There is no pipe borne water. The people depend on the irrigation water for their cooking
and other domestic uses. There is electricity supply in some of the communities while others
depend on individual owned generators for electricity generation.
Most of the buildings are made of earth materials for the walls and thatched grasses for the
roofing with very few being made of concrete and aluminum roofing.
Page 23 of 174
2.6 Land Tenure and Ownership in KRIS
The Farmer Occupier system is practiced in this scheme where the original land owner is
allocated his/her ascertained holdings in an irrigable direction, less the percentage utilized for
the essential infrastructure of the development (roads, canals, storage reservoirs, etc.). In the
Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) Phase I, the percentage utilized for the infrastructure
development is 10%.
Variations of this system include lease, loan, sharecropping, and inheritance; of these, the
loan system is the most complex as the loan is usually for a particular irrigation season and
for a particular crop that usually the farmer is not interested in cultivating. It is very
dependent on the wishes of the land owner. For example if a farmer loan’s a plot to farm for a
particular season, the land owner will request that the farmer plant certain crops (short
duration crops) and give the timing so that his subsequent farming arrangement are not
disrupted (FAO and FMWR, 2004).
The User Allocation tenure system is practiced in the schemes where the RBDA acting on
behalf of the FGN acquires the scheme’s land, demarcates the land into irrigable plots or
blocks and subsequently allocates the plots to interested farmers, usually on seasonal or
annual basis.
Both the Farmer Occupier system and the User Allocation system are currently in practice in
the schemes of the HJRBDA. The farmer occupier system at the Kano River Irrigation
Scheme is being mixed up with the traditional customary land tenure practices and of major
concern is the fragmentation of irrigation farm plots, particularly resultant of Islamic
guidelines of sharing the assets of a farmer that passes on amongst his family.
The customary land tenure in the Hadejia Jama’Are River Basin Development Authority
(HJRBDA) is dominated by the Shari’a law, which recognizes individual ownership.
Generally in the North West zone where the KRIS is located, the community head (Village
head) maintains control over land. Land is usually allocated by him to immigrants settling in
the community and to resident’s families requiring land. Land only reverts to the community
in the event of land been left fallow beyond a recognized number of years and on the death of
an heirless farmer. Although in the past the tenurial system in the North West zone had some
communal features, the pattern now is clearly individualization of land tenure. This is
expressed in the considerable degree of permanency in the pattern of land holding. Moreover
the traditional role of the Village head has been reduced to witnessing inheritance and
transfer, which, thanks to the LUD, do not require his sanction.
2.7 Farm Governance
According to the report of the feasibility study prepared by Royal Haskoning DHV, currently
the HJRBDA is the responsible agency for operation and maintenance of the Tiga Dam, the
Challawa Gorge Dam, the Ruwan Kanya Dam and the Hadejia Barrage as well as the
irrigation scheme, KRIS. The HJRBDA has its headquarters in Kano, which is about 35 km
away from KRIS.
For scheme management the HJRBDA has zonal offices which are responsible for the
irrigation management in the scheme but these do not cover the management of the dams and
the Ruwan Kanya reserviour
Page 24 of 174
Certain management constraints are observed in the schemes. The Project Managers face a
number of challenges that hamper the effective and efficient management of the schemes and
these include:
Lack of sufficient budget for operation and maintenance;
Water fees collected from the irrigators are not fed back into the resources for O&M
of the schemes;
The Zonal Offices do not systematically keep records on water allocation, flows,
volumes, area cultivated, cropping patterns, meteorological data or any other
information one would expect to find. The only records available are handwritten
records on water charges and some crop survey sheets of which the accuracy is
doubtful;
Relations with any other organization related to agriculture and water is totally absent,
though the Project Offices do interact with the WUAs in the schemes;
Water management for the schemes is reactive, i.e. the zonal offices respond to
complaints received from farmers, and
Water management planning is completely absent.
The operating conditions of the scheme is quite poor. The technical condition of the irrigation
and drainage systems is very poor. Operation of the irrigation system is being undertaken by
the RBDA Zonal offices, but due to the poor condition of the infrastructure since many years,
system operation is nothing more than an attempt in transporting and distributing water
through the systems without knowing ‘how much is needed, where and when’, and without
being able to set discharges to pre-determined levels.
The Operation and Maintenance Manuals that were prepared for the schemes provide clear
guidance on how the operations are to be done; in short this comprises of:
On a weekly basis:
1. During week x, ‘from the field to the dam’: determine “what volume is needed next week”:
a. Determine for each sector the actually cropped area per type of crop;
b. With the actual meteorological data and parameters such as crops, crop growth
stage, cropped areas per crop, soil parameters etc.) Determine the sector crop water
requirements;
c. Determine the overall scheme irrigation supply requirements - taking into account
the water losses from the dam to the plant (efficiencies), and
d. convey that to dam operators and canal gate operators for next week’s releases;
2. During week x plus 1, ‘from the dam to the field’: “what are we distributing this week”:
a. Dam operator releases the requested discharge into the main canal;
b. Zonal Offices set the branch canal gates to the required discharges (and measure
that);
c. Zonal Offices set the Sector Turn Out gates to the required discharge for each
sector with the aid of the STO measurement gates, and
d. Zonal Offices set the Field Turn Out gates to the required discharge for each field.
On a daily basis operations would then follow the weekly determined settings and comprises
of:
At 6.00 am opening of the STOs and NSR outlet regulators to the required discharges
with the aid of the measuring gates, and closing these at 6.00 pm.
Page 25 of 174
At 6.00 pm opening of the sector gates that supply water to NSRs and closing these at
6.00 am, and
In all DCs, set each FTO to the required and predetermined setting for each field.
This operation procedure is straight forward and was initially rather successful in KRIS.
However, due to several deficiencies in the systems as constructed (as compared to the
scheme design) and severe lack of maintenance since many years, the operation of the
scheme does not work out like this. Since long, operation is rather based on ‘experience’. At
present, the system cannot be operated properly, the problems start from the lowest level
going all the way up to the releases from the dams:
Many of the FTOs in DCs have been tampered with due to too low discharges and
water levels in the midstream and the tail-ends of the DCs (the FTO’s small steel
plates removed or inoperable, holes made under the sill of the FTOs to at least get
some water to the FC);
DCs are not being maintained properly since years, resulting in abundant aquatic
weed growth and reduced flow in the midstream and tail-ends leading to tampering
with the automatic upstream water level control gates (needed for the FTOs to
function properly) in order for the farmers downstream in the DCs to get at least some
water to their plots;
Water losses occur in the upper reaches of DCs as a result of the damages to the DC
embankments as a result of cattle crossing and lack of maintenance and repairs
(leading to the above listed issues at the DC and FTO level);
In many sectors, damaged or missing STO steel plates of the discharge control
measuring gates render discharge settings completely impossible (and for that matter
in LCs or SLCs in the large sectors at the DC turnouts from these lateral canals);
Though seasonally crop field surveys are being undertaken, these are essentially done
for Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) collection purposes. These surveys are not done
weekly; actual crop water requirement and overall scheme water supply requirements
calculations are not undertaken;
Operational constraints in the main water transport systems where essential water
distribution control structures were never built or where the abundant growth of
Typha seriously impedes water conveyance, and
The releases from the dams are “best guesses” only since the dam operators are not
able to precisely release the required discharges because discharge rating curves of the
reservoir outlet valves are not available.
According to the Royal Haskoning DHV report, the above points – separately or in
conjunction - demonstrate that proper system operation is currently not possible at all levels
of the systems.
The main findings are that:
i) O&M funding and hence O&M since long has fallen way below of what is needed (till
recently the collected ISF was transferred to the government, with very little returning to over
actual O&M needs), which led to
ii) The systems now being technically in a poor condition rendering proper system operation
at all levels impossible, which led to
iii) Substantial loss of command areas, and also has led to
Page 26 of 174
iv) A weakened organization responsible for O&M not being able to do anything about the
situation, and
v) To farmer’s mistrust in the HJRBDA’s capacity and capability to perform its maintenance
duties for which they are supposed to pay for.
2.7.1 Revenue collection
Farmers in the irrigation projects are charged an Irrigation Service Fee (ISF). The amount to
be paid for ISF is set by the HJRBDA (and approved by the FMWR) and till the dry season
of 2014 amounted to NGN 2,500 per ha per season. Effective from the dry season of 2014-
2015 this amount was doubled to NGN 5,000 per ha per season.
For the dry season the ISF is due for the whole area cropped, for the wet season only the
areas under rice are charged. The bulk of the ISF is paid at the end of the season when
produce has been sold and farmers have the cash to pay. Most of the ISF for the dry seasons
is received in May, June and July and for the wet seasons in November and December.
There exist registered Water Users Associations within the scheme, which the RBDA
assisted the farmers to establish. Each WUA has a group leader and a Secretary. The WUA
basically handles maintenance of the On-farm level of irrigation and drainage system, and
the resolution of conflicts. The WUAs sometimes participate in decision making on the
workings of the scheme. They are also responsible for the collection of the Irrigation
Service Fee on behalf of the HJRBDA.
The Chairman of the WUA group provides leadership and direction for the group. His
responsibilities include representing the association at meetings convened by the RBDA
management. The farmers see the WUA as a means of managing the canal alone.
Page 27 of 174
CHAPTER THREE
CENSUS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
3.0 Introduction
This Chapter provides the findings of socio-economic studies and the census conducted with
the involvement of affected people. Specifically, it presents
The results of the census, assets inventories, natural resource assessments, and socio
economic surveys.
Current occupants of the affected area as a basis for design of the RAP and to clearly
set a cut-off date, the purpose of which is to exclude subsequent inflows of people
from eligibility for compensation and resettlement assistance;
Standard characteristics of displaced households, including a description of
production systems, labor, and household organization; and baseline information on
livelihoods (including, as relevant, production levels and income derived from both
formal and informal economic activities) and standards of living (including health
status) of the displaced population;
Magnitude of the expected loss, total or partial, of assets, and the extent of
displacement, physical or economic;
Information on vulnerable groups or persons; for whom special provisions may have
to be made; and
Provisions to update information on the displaced people’s livelihoods and standards
of living at regular intervals so that the latest information is available at the time of
their displacement, and to measure impacts (or changes) in their livelihood and
living conditions.
Description of need for updates to census, assets inventories, resource assessments,
and socioeconomic surveys, if necessary, as part of RAP monitoring and evaluation.
3.1 Objectives of the Survey and Census of PAPs
The survey which is the sample of all the PAPs had several primary objectives which
include:
To inform the affected population about the proposed intervention work
To announce the cut off-date for capturing those affected by the proposed project
who are along the zone of impact
To obtain feedback from the affected population about the Intervention work
To establish the social profile of the affected population.
To record/update the base line situation of all affected people
To identify the affected households and individuals
To identify vulnerable individuals or groups
The census is a 100% enumeration of people and land affected. The primary objective of the
census was to record all assets and impacts within the ROW in the areas where rehabilitation
works are proposed to take place.
3.2 Census Cut-Off Date
The Census cut-off date refers to the date of completion of the census and assets inventory of
persons affected by the project. People occupying the area after the cut-off date are not
Page 28 of 174
eligible for compensation and/or resettlement assistance. Similarly, fixed assets, fruit trees
etc. planted after the date of completion of the census will not be compensated.
During the initial consultations with all the relevant stakeholders, it was announced that
census of inventory will be taken. Details of the census process and the cut-off date
were declared during the general public consultation meetings that took place in September,
2016.
It was further stressed that the cut-off date shall be declared to be the last day of the survey
and census of all Project affected assets and PAPs which began in September 6th
, 2016, and
ended December 8th
, 2016.
In addition, at the various consultation meeting with the communities (phone calls, text
messages, notification of Local Government chairman, and announcement at the local
mosques during prayers, newspaper advert, and radio jingle) it was emphasized that the cut-
off date will mean that no newly arrived persons or families will be eligible for resettlement
benefits. In addition, improvements to housing, or other assets made after the date will not be
eligible for compensation (however, repairs such as fixing a leaky roof, are permissible). The
cut-off date was announced and made known through appropriate traditional means of
reaching-out during the community awareness campaigns at site/scheme level and through
the local government. The cut-off date was declared to be December 8th
2016.
3.3 Data Analyses and Interpretation
The socio-economic survey was based primarily on the PAPs in the proposed project site
with a view to determining their socio-economic conditions, and how the project will impact
them.
Precisely, the following thematic socio-economic indicators were included in the survey:
gender, age distribution; marital status; nature of trade/occupation of PAPS; income
category, etc. The data analysis and interpretation focus on the socio-demographic
background information of respondents, identified Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and/or
PAPs.
3.3.1 Analysis of Persons (Respondents) Interviewed
Respondents were interviewed from the East branch and west branch axis of the scheme.
Their responses were captured by means of an electronic platform, the Open Kit Data (ODK)
and a photo register produced for about 25% of them that availed themselves for photo
capture with the farm ticket given to them after measurement of their farm plots. An E-
questionnaire using the Open Data Kit (ODK) platform was designed where trained
enumerators interact with respondents to elicit answers to already prepared questions. The
ODK platform using electronic devices to capture the responses of respondents which are
immediately uploaded to an aggregate page and the information can be exported to an MS
Excel document for further processing and analysis.
Page 29 of 174
Figure3. 1: ODK Platform
It is important to note that the impact of project activities on the sources of livelihood of
PAPs in the project area varies among them and these have been captured.
Page 30 of 174
The responses of the respondents provided an average idea of the prevailing situation in the
proposed project area. Therefore, it is believed that the information provided by these
categories of persons is accurate about the businesses they represent/operate or
property/asset they own or represent.
This section assesses the socio-economic characteristics and the likely socio economic
impacts of the proposed intervention project in Bunkure, Garun mallam and Kura. The
socio-demographic characteristics include among others; age, gender, education, income,
occupation, residential, health status, standard of living rating, vulnerability during project
intervention etc.
Table 3.1 presents the summary table of socio economic characteristics of the respondents
from the KRIS EAST and WEST Branches.
Annex 1 shows attendance log of participants during consultations with communities
respectively.
Table 3. 1: Summary table of socio economic characteristics of the respondents from the
KRIS East and West Sectors
S/N Socio economic characteristics Label Percentages
1. Sampled number of respondents
among the PAPs
7,537
2. The total population of the households
of PAPs ( This will include their wives,
children, and dependents)
74,779
3. Percent that are males and females Male: 53.2%
Females: 46.8%
Male: 39814
Females: 34965
4. Percent that are
Muslim/Christian/Traditional
Religious Worshipper/Other
Muslim: 98.6%
Christian: 0.33%
Traditional:0.12
Blank: 0.96
Muslim: 7431
Christian: 25
Traditional: 9
Blank: 72
5. Percent that are Married
/single/divorced/widowed
Married: 88.4%
Single: 10.7%
Divorced: 0.08
Widowed:0.2%
Blank:0.49%
Married: 6669
Single: 806
Divorced: 6
Widowed: 17
Blank: 37
6. Predominant number of wives 2
7. Average number of persons per
household ( you should also pick the
least and highest household in terms of
number per household, e.g, say the
least number of persons per household
is two and the highest is 28)
Avg: 11.5
Least: 1
Max: 80
8. Number of persons age 0 -4 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
25.2% 18879
Page 31 of 174
9. Number of Males age 0 -4 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
13.8% 10316
10. Number of Females age 0 -4 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
11.5% 8563
11. Number of persons age 5 -9 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
23.6% 17640
12. Number of males age 5 -9 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
12.6% 9417
13. Number of females age 5 -9 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
11.0% 8223
14. Number of persons age 10 -18 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
20.0% 14973
15. Number of males age 10 -18 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
11.4% 8500
16. Number of females age 10 -18 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
8.7% 6473
17. Number of persons age 19 -24 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
10.7% 8017
18. Number of males age 19 -24 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
6.9% 5129
19. Number of females age 19 -24 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
5.2% 3888
20. Number of persons age 25 -60 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
14.9% 11141
21. Number of males age 25-60 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
6.8% 5106
22. Number of females age 25-60 and the
percent the constitute of the entire
population
8.1% 6035
23. How many persons do not have any
educational qualification at all and
their percentage
465
24. How many persons have FSLC as
their highest educational qualification
at all and their percentage
1112
Page 32 of 174
25. How many persons have
WASC/SSCE as their highest
educational qualification at all and
their percentage
1331
26. How many persons have TC II/OND
as their highest educational
qualification at all and their percentage
560
27. How many persons have
HND/Degree as their highest
educational qualification at all and
their percentage
232
28. How many persons have MSC/PHD
as their highest educational
qualification at all and their percentage
51
29. How many persons have Islamic
studies as their highest educational
qualification at all and their percentage
3699
30. Total number of persons that are
currently attending/attempted primary
school
20060 26.8 %
31. Percent of males and females that are
currently attending /attempted primary
school
Male: 14.9 % Female: 11.9 %
Male: 11177
Female: 8883
32. Total number of persons that are
currently attending Quaranic school
18046 24.1%
33. Percent of males and females that are
currently attending Quaranic school
Male: 14.0% Female: 10.1%
Male: 10468
Female: 7578
34. Total number of persons that are
currently attending Home school
4511 6.3%
35. Percent of males and females that are
currently attending Home school
Male: 3.2% Female: 2.8%
Male: 2416
Female: 2101
36. Total number of persons that are
currently attending/attempted primary
school
7050 9.4%
37. Percent of males and females that are
currently attending/attempted
secondary school
Male: 6.1% Female: 3.3%
Male: 4592
Female: 2458
38. Total number of persons that are
currently attending /attempted Tertiary
institution
1742
39. Percent of males and females that are
currently attending/attempted Tertiary
institution
Male: 2.0% Female: 0.3%
Male: 1495
Female: 247
40. Percent that have crop farming/fish
farmer/livestock [sales]
farming/mining/craft
making/trading/civil service/company
employment/housewives/unemployed
Crop farming: 78.4%
Fish farming: 0.6%
Livestock: 9.8%
Mining: 0.05%
Craft making: 0.4%
Crop farming: 6998
Fish farming: 48
Livestock: 620
Mining: 6
Craft making: 27
Page 33 of 174
as their main occupation
Trading: 3%
Civil service: 2.8%
Company: 0.03%
Self-employment: 1.02%
Housewife: 3.4%
Retired : 0.24%
Unemployed: 0.24%
Trading: 296
Civil service 181
Company 7
Self-employment: 70
Housewife: 232
Retired : 15
Unemployed: 17
41. Percent that have crop farming/fish
farmer/livestock [sales]
farming/mining/craft
making/trading/civil service/company
employment/housewives/unemployed
as their secondary occupation
Crop farming: 17.2%
Fish farming: 3.2%
Livestock: 29.3%
Mining: 0.3%
Craft making: 0.9%
Trading: 18.6%
civil service: 4.6%
Company: 0.3%
Self-employment: 8.0%
Housewife: 17.0%
Retired : 0.5%
Unemployed: 0.2%
Crop farming: 437
Fish farming: 85
Livestock: 668
Mining: 23
Craft making: 35
Trading: 417
Civil service: 134
Company: 18
Self-employment: 169
Housewife: 362
Retired: 18
Unemployed: 9
42. Average seasonal ( every 3-4 months)
income from crop farming/fish
farmer/livestock [sales]
farming/mining/craft
making/trading/civil service/company
employment/housewives/unemployed
Crop farming: 188572.7
Fish farming: 43697.7
Livestock: 26172.45
Mining: 8447.5
Craft making: 50066.50
Trading: 114019.43
Civil service: 75977.437
Company: 14033.34
Self-employment:
47027.87
Housewife: 9745.61
Retired : 20000
Unemployed: 18335.6
43. Average seasonal ( every 3-4 months)
amount spent on household items;
transport and gas; Doctor, medicine
and other medical expenses; hired
help; seed, fertilizer and pesticides;
animal feeds; veterinary services; and
irrigation water
Clothes: 25290.825
Household items:
26488.005
Transport and gas: 9180.13
Medical expense: 9554.34
Hired help: 23326.08
Seed fertilizer: 107824.995
Animal feed: 14896.27
Veterinary services:
4542.27
Irrigation water: 4792.63
44. Number of households with physically
challenged persons
427
45. Number of people that lame; blind;
deaf; dump; crippled; crossed eyes;
Lame: 152
Blind: 53
Page 34 of 174
others
Crippled: 56
Deaf: 52
Dumb: 23
Crossed eyes: 25
Others: 54
46. Number of households with
chronically ill/long term ill people
839
47. Number of persons with Ulcer; sickle
cell; cancer; leukemia; diabetes;
asthma; high blood pressure;
hydrocephalous; tuberculosis;
HIV/AIDS; others
Ulcer: 662
Asthma: 23
Sickle cell: 97
High blood pressure: 100
Leukemia: 8
Diabetes: 19
Cancer: 22
Tuberculosis: 15
Hydrocephalous: 5
Others: 44
48. Number of households that has
Malaria; flu/cough; Headache;
stomach disorder; sleeping sickness;
hernia; and others as their common
diseases
Malaria: 7217
Headache: 874
Stomach disorder: 239
Flu: 1012
Sleeping sickness: 63
Hernia:12
Others:89
49. Percent respondents that use the health
centres
97.8% 7371
50. Percent of respondents aware of
HIV/AIDs
80.0% 5883
51. Number of and percent of farmlands;
livestocks; business place/residence
affected
Farm lands: 7537 Business place: 5 Livestock : 22 Residence: 3
Farm lands: 98.7% Business place: 0.14% Livestock: 1% Residence: 0.14%
52. Percent of affected farmland that is
100% owned (no share crop or lease),;
that is seasonal share cropping; that
owner gives one-third of input and
takes one-third of produce; that
everything is shared half and half; that
tenants pays a fixed fee for his plot of
irrigated land
No
sharecrop 92.19%
Fixed fee
3.53%
Owner
gives one-
third 0.69%
Everything
is shared
half and
half 0.28%
Seasonal
share 3.28%
No
sharecrop 2359
Fixed fee 84
Owner
gives one-
third
14
Everything
is shared
half and
half
8
Seasonal
share
cropping
70
Page 35 of 174
From Table 3.1, a total of 7,537 respondents were interviewed. The total population of
households of PAPs (that is the PAPs, their wives and Children) is 74,779,
3.3.1.1 Age Distribution of Households
Fig 3.2 below shows the age distribution of households. A significant proportion of the
Households are below the working age of 18-60. The aged constitute less than 10% of the
Population of entire households.
Figure 3. 2: Age distribution of households
3.3.1.2 Gender of Affected Households
The male population of affected households constitutes 55.1% while the females constitute
about 48.8% of the total population of affected household.
Chart showing age distribution in
households of project affected persons
18879 1764014973
801711141
4129
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Age 0-
4
Age 5-
9
Ag
e10-18
Age
19-24
Age
25 - 60
Age
61 and
above
Age
Nu
mb
er o
f per
son
s
Series1
cropping
53. Percent of each crop (rice, maize,
millet, wheat, and others ) cultivated
Rice: 68.2%
Maize: 3.6%
Wheat: 0.8%
Millet: 2.7%
Others: 24.7%
Rice: 2973244
Maize: 243346
Wheat: 335303
Millet: 90889
Others: 881795
54. Percent happy and percent unhappy
with what is being proposed
Happy: 88.2% Unhappy: 0.8%
Happy: 6651 Unhappy: 62
Page 36 of 174
Figure 3. 3: Chart showing gender distribution of household of respondents
3.3.1.3 Occupation of respondents
The main occupation of respondents is crop farming. 77.4% of respondents take into crop
farming as their main occupation. 10.4% of them have livestock farming as their main
occupation. Those who take trading or working in the Civil Service as their main occupations
constitute about 3% and 2.8% respectively of the total number of respondents. Most of them
combine a main job with a secondary job. 0.3 % of the respondents are retirees. Figure 3.4
and 3.5 show the occupational distribution of respondents.
Figure 3. 4: Chart showing main occupational distribution of respondents
Chart showing gender distribution of households of project
affected persons
39814
34965
32000330003400035000360003700038000390004000041000
Male Female
Gender
Nu
mb
er
of
pers
on
s
Series1
Crop farming
fish farming
livestock farming
mining
craft making
trading
civil service
company
self employment
house wife
retired
unemployed
55.1%
48.8%
Page 37 of 174
Figure 3. 5: Chart showing distribution of secondary occupation of respondents
3.3.1.4 Marital status of respondents
About 90.2 % of respondents are married. About 8.8% of total number of respondents is
single while about 0.03% is divorced as shown in Figure 3.6.
Figure 3. 6: Marital status of Respondents
3.3.1.5 Religion of respondents
Almost all respondents are Muslims (98.7%). Christians constitute about 0.33% while
traditional religious worshipers constitute 0.13%.
15% 4%
29%
0% 1%
20% 5%
0% 8%
18%
0%
Chart showing distribution of secondary occupations of respondents
Crop farming
fish farming
livestock farming
mining
craft making
trading
civil service
company
self employment
house wife
unemployed
91%
9%
0%
Chart showing the distribution of the marital status of respondents
married
single
divorced
Page 38 of 174
Figure 3. 7: Religious distribution of respondents
3.3.1.6 Number of persons per household of respondents
The average number of household is 11. Household sizes ranges from single person
households to households of above 50 persons in a few cases. Polygamy is a very common
occurrence.
3.3.1.7 Average income of respondents
The average income of respondents per season is given in the table 3.2 and fig 3.8 below.
Table 3. 2: Average seasonal income of respondents
Income Source Seasonal Income (₦)
Crop farming 188,572.7
Fish farming 43,697.97
Livestock 26,172.45
Mining 8,447.5
Craft Making 50,066.5
Trading 114, 019.13
Civil Service 75,977.14
Company 14,033.34
Pension (Retirees) 20,000
From table 3.2 and fig 3.8, crop farming is the major earner for respondents. A seasonal
income is the income that accrues to a respond in a farming season which is usually 3-4
months.
Chart showing religious distribution of
respondents
7431
25 90
10002000300040005000600070008000
Muslims Christains Traditional
Religious
Worshippers
Religion
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
Series1
Page 39 of 174
Figure 3. 8: Average Seasonal Income from Various Occupations
3.3.1.8 Type of persons affected
Different categories of affected persons were identified and categorized, with majority of
persons affected being household. Some members of households have claims of terminal
illness (fig 3.9) or are physically challenged (fig 3.10) and can be described as vulnerable
persons. Also, there are cases of aged persons above 70 in some households as shown in fig
3.2. These categories of persons also fall within the vulnerable group of affected persons. In
the course of this RAP Census, a number of householder used the opportunity to share lands
to their children under ten.
Malaria is the common sickness suffered by most households (see fig 3.11) representing
about 96.7% of total respondents indicate that malaria is the most common illness they
suffer. Other illnesses indicated common among households are headaches and flu.
HIV/AIDS awareness is quite high (80%) although a whopping 20% claim they do not have
any awareness of HIV/AIDS. Most of the respondents 97.6% make use of the health centres
closest to them.
Average seasonal income from various occupations
188572.7
43697.726172.45
8447.5
50066.5
114019.13
75977.44
14033.34
47027.87
9745.612000018335.6
020000400006000080000
100000120000140000160000180000200000
Crop farm
ing
Fish farm
ing
Live
stoc
k farm
ing
Mining
Craft m
aking
Tra
ding
Civil Service
Com
pany
Self e
mploym
ent
Hou
sewife
Retired
Une
mploy
ed
Occupations
Averag
e In
co
me p
er s
easo
n (
N)
Series1
Page 40 of 174
Figure 3. 9: Distribution of terminal illness among households of PAPs
Figure 3. 10: Distribution of physical challenges among households of PAPs
Chart showing terminal illness didtribution
662
2397 100
8 19 22 15 5 44
0100
200300
400500
600700
Ulce
r
Asthm
a
Sickle
cell
Hig
h blo
od pre
ssur
e
Leukem
ia
Dia
betes
Can
cer
Tuberco
losi
s
Hyd
roce
phalo
us
Oth
ers
Illness
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
Series1
Chart showing types and number of physical challenges suffered
by members of households of PAPs
152
53 56 52
23 25
54
020406080
100120140160
Lame Blind Crippled Deaf Dumb Crossed
eyed
Others
Type of Physical Challenge
Nu
mb
er
of
Ph
ysic
all
y
ch
all
en
ged
pers
on
s
Series1
Page 41 of 174
Figure 3. 11: Distribution of common diseases suffered among households of PAPs
3.3.1.9 Identity of Affected Asset
All (100%) the affected land are used for Agricultural purposes
3.3.1.10 Owner of Asset Affected
Majority of the project affected person’s asset are owned personally. This is understandable
given that most of the affected assets are farmland. Given that the nature of land holding is,
individual based rather than communal. Also, cases of family ownership of assets are rare
because upon the demise of the owner of an asset (farmland), the asset is shared among his
children and thus, family ownership of asset does not arise.
3.3.1.11 Conflict in the Communities
There has not been any conflict with the cultural use of land. However, conflicts between
farmers and herdsmen are on the increase due to devastation of farmers’ crops by the
herdsmen’s cattle. Usually, policemen and local leaders are involved in the resolution of
such conflicts. Fewer conflicts exist among fellow farmers.
3.3.1.12 Sale of Farm Produce
There are markets located around the Kano River Irrigation Scheme as indicated in table 3.3
below where merchants and middlemen come to make purchases of rice, and livestock.
Trucks are used to convey these items to various destinations. The scheme has created
employment opportunities and increased the income of the farming community, who would
have been idle after the rains. In addition to this, energetic young men make extra money
from loading grains into trucks at the market. Others, who cannot engage in farming, have
been gainfully employed as motor cycle riders, truck drivers and truck workers in the area.
Chart showing common diseases prevalent
among households of respondents
7217
874239
101263 12 89
010002000300040005000600070008000
Mala
ria
headache
Stom
ach d
isord
er Flu
Sleepin
g sick
ness
Hernia
Oth
ers
Common diseases
Nu
mb
er o
f h
ou
seh
old
s
Series1
Page 42 of 174
Table 3. 3: Market around the Kano River Irrigation Scheme
NAME OF MARKET LOCATION MARKET DAY
Kura Market Kura Daily
Garin Baba Market Garin Mallam Lga Sunday And Monday
Bunkure Market Bunkure Every 2days
Karfi Market(Fruit Market) Karfi Seasonal
Gafan Market(Tomatoes Market) Gafan Seasonal
3.3.1.13 Education
Arabic education is the major form of education acquired by these farmers. The highest
form of education among the male respondents was tertiary education (4.1%), 11.3% had
secondary education, 6.3% had primary education while 28.3% had Arabic while the
remaining (4%) had no formal education. The female respondents in the scheme have lower
literacy level, 23. 6% of the female respondents have no formal education, hence, 24.3% had
Arabic education primary education, 6.5%. 7% had secondary education, while the
remaining 7% attained tertiary level. In general figure 3.12 - indicates the highest education
level amongst the households of the PAPs in KRIS.
Figure3. 12: Highest educational levels of household members of PAPs
3.3.1.14 Farm Holding
The average farm holding per individual farmer is about 0.02 hectare.
Chart showing highest education level of
members of households of PAPs
23563, 32%
19960, 27%
18005, 24%
4493, 6%
7025, 9%
1733, 2%
No education
Primary School
Quaranic School
Home School
Secondary School
Tertiary Institution
Page 43 of 174
3.3.1.15 Land Acquisition at the Scheme
The most predominant mode of land acquisition in the scheme are by Inheritance and
purchases. Farm records are kept through memory recall and farmers do not make budgets.
Within the scheme land, labour and technology in that order are readily available. However,
credit facilities, extension visits and farm inputs (in that order) are scarcely available.
3.3.1.16 Impact of the Scheme on Farmers Activities
Prior to commencement of the scheme, water was scarcely available for irrigation farming
but water is now more available for irrigated agriculture. The irrigation water has yielded
increase in the produce of farmers.
3.3.1.17 Access to Finance/Credit by Farmers
Farmers have expressed difficulties in obtaining credit from financial institutions for
agricultural activities. Most farmers’ source funds for irrigation activities through personal
savings i.e. savings from rain fed farming and from their wives who are usually engaged in
petty trading. Most farmers rely on friends, neighbors and family members for loans to
augment whenever there are shortfalls.
3.3.1.18 Enablement of Farmers by the Scheme
As a result of the scheme, farmers are able to start some off-farm business and own means
of transportation aside farming. Trend in children’s school enrolment, standard of dwelling
places, pilgrimages to holy land among farmers and their families have increased.
3.3.1.19 Income from irrigation agriculture vs. other sources
Most of the farmers prefer and claimed that income from irrigation agriculture is much
greater than incomes from other sources.
Page 44 of 174
CHAPTER FOUR
IMPACT OF THE PROJECT
4.0 Introduction
This chapter presents information on the following:
Components or activities that require resettlement or restriction of access;
Zone of impact of components or activities;
Alternatives considered to avoid or minimize resettlement or restricted access;
Mechanisms established to minimize resettlement, displacement, and restricted
access, to the extent possible, during project implementation.
Important features affected in the event of the proposed work.
Categories of impacts and people affected.
4.1 Components or activities that require resettlement or restriction of access
The TRIMING project four components are outlined below with a brief description of the
main activities described in Chapter 2
Component 1: Water Resources Management and Dam Operation Improvement
Component 2: Irrigation Development and Management
Component 3: Enhance Agricultural Productivity and Support Value Chains
Development
Component 4: Institutional Development and Project Management.
4.2 Number and Type of Affected Persons
A total result of 42,450 PAPs with their entitlements have been identified from the listed 42
sectors. Table 4.1 is indicative of the PAPs from the 42 sectors in the East and West branch
of the KRIS. These numbers are inclusive of those on occasional lease on the Government
Lands in the same sector listed, as project affected persons (PAPs) in the course of
rehabilitation work in the dry season when irrigation facility cannot be accessed as indicated
in table 4.2 and those absentee farmers whose farm plots were measured with the support of
WUA representatives without knowledge of their names as indicated in table 4.3. These
shall all be entitled to the compensation allowance as there is no land takes on the project. In
order to manage the rehabilitation works within the sectors within the 3- years planned, table
4.4 is a suggested work plan that distributes the smaller sectors for rehabilitation before
bigger sectors and the associated cost.
Table4. 1: Statistical Summary of PAPS
WEST BRANCH
S/N SECTORS NOs. OF
PAPS
GOVERN
MENT
LAND
NOs. OF
BLOCKS
TOTAL
ECONOMIC
TREES
TOTAL
PARCEL
AREA
TOTAL
ENTITLE
MENT
1. Agalawa 642 26 62 148.39 4822835
2. Agolas 2815 132 386 1025.09 33307780
3. Azore 2182 1.89 48 200 396.75 12896535
4. Butalawa 1255 64 989 432.12 14043765
5. Dalili 376 13 64 62.85 2042585
6. Gori_North 800 6.17 26 227 150.84 4903091
Page 45 of 174
7. Gori_South 645 19 82 86.11 2798513
8. Karfi 3525 2.03 128 929 843.57 27417888
9. Kore 5029 8.22 124 731 2158.02 70139161
10. Kosawa 2156 137 454 1040 33800684
11. M. Gabas 401 23 107 111.24 3615037
12. Majabo 485 26 444 143.96 4681060
13. Makworo 126 8 18 24.63 800330
14. Raje 519 18 34 114 3696733
15. Pako 679 21 267 124.37 4040073
16. Maura 782 1.14 33 126 291.25 9462496
17. Samawa 619 24 50 129.06 4193825
18. Ruga 642 35 0 289.06 9394532
19. Rakauna 1239 0.15 25 249 207.3 6735166
20. Yakasai 1803 46 148 353.13 11479646
21. Yadakwari 415 0.51 19 36 95.02 3090428
22. Tsauni 165 11 7 30 985027
23. Gafan 2835 3.38 117 157 911.42 29627787
Sub total 30,135 23.49 1,123 5,767 9,168.18 297,974,977
EAST BRANCH
S/N SECTORS NOs. OF
PAPS
GOVERN
MENT
LAND
NOs. OF
BLOCKS
TOTAL
ECONOMIC
TREES
TOTAL
PARCEL
AREA
TOTAL
ENTITLE
MENT
1. Gayere 259 19 0 134.33
4364725
2. Dorawa 892 46 0 361.11 11750030
3. Barnawa 259 13 0 54.5 1772551
4. Bengaza1 665 34 27 255.02 8283921
5. Bunkere_A 381 10 30 68.93 2240350
6. Bunkere_B 489 11 17 76.21 2476783
7. Cirin 428 13 10 114.25 3711161
8. Kadawa 1537 64 111 244 656.95 21348981
9. Kode 342 12 0 90.33 2935598
10. Korawa 593 29 140 138 4485118
11. Kuluma 535 23 38 114.8 3730879
12. Lauteye 1620 34 132 334.43 10875154
13. Tsanbanki 371 14 77 77.44 2516836
14. Shiye 79 4 22 28.19 916249
15. Yuri 278 10 45 63.33 2058200
16. Yantomo 621 27 20 229 7442149
17. Waire 529 23 25 179.41 5834460
18. Unguwar Rimi 436 20 59 178.08 5785445
19. Turba 535 26 55 120.29 3911685
20. Makunturi 677 38 0 288.89 9388855
21. Dambala 242 27 0 205.65 6683585
22. Unguwar Rimi 547 25 0 154.74 5028645
Page 46 of 174
B Sub total 12,315 64.00 569 941 3,923.88 127,541,360
Grand
Total Total (West
and East
Branch) 42,450 87.49 1,692 6,708 13,092.06 425,516,337
Table 4. 2: Summary of Government Land
S/N SECTOR NO OF GOVT. LANDS PER
SECTOR
TOTAL PARCEL OF
LAND(ha)
1. Azore 4 2.28
2. Gori North 6 2.19
3. Karfi 8 2.16
4. Kore 15 8.83
5. Agolas 3.83
6. Maura 1 1.14
7. Rakauna 1 0.30
8. Gafan 2 3.37
9. Butalawa 9 2.93
10. Majabo 6
11. Kadawa 65.94
52 92.97
Table 4. 3: Status of PAPs
WEST BRANCH
S/N Sectors No. of absentee farmers and their Farm plots
measured and allocated Identification
numbers without farmers being on Ground
(FNG)
Total No. of
Identified PAPs
with
identification
numbers
1. Agalawa 278 642
2. Agolas 1893 2815
3. Azore 594 2182
4. Butalawa 864 1255
5. Dalili 0 376
6. Gori_North 218 800
7. Gori_South 0 645
8. Karfi 2937 3525
9. Kore 3559 5029
10. Kosawa 1874 2156
11. M. Gabas 215 401
12. Majabo 349 485
13. Makworo 1 126
14. Raje 23 519
15. Pako 14 679
16. Maura 296 782
Page 47 of 174
17. Samawa 545 619
18. Ruga 404 642
19. Rakauna 855 1239
20. Yakasai 722 1803
21. Yadakwari 183 415
22. Tsauni 51 165
23. Gafan 2162 2835
Sub total 18037 30135
EAST BRANCH
S/N Sectors Nos. of Farmers Not on Ground Total No. of
Identified PAPs
with
identification
numbers
1. Cirin 172 428
2. Shiye 27 79
3. Yuri 67 278
4. Turba 233 535
5. Bunkere_A 223 381
6. Bunkere_B 78 489
7. Gayere 259 259
8. Kadawa 1182 1537
9. Kode 124 342
10. Korawa 192 593
11. Kuluma 458 535
12. Lauteye 1002 1620
13. Tsanbanki 286 371
14. Dorawa 892 892
15. Barnawa 259 259
16. Yantomo 498 621
17. Waire 338 529
18. Unguwar Rimi 297 436
19. Bengaza1 607 665
20. Makunturi 677 677
21. Dambala 242 242
22. Unguwar Rimi B 547 547
Sub total 8660 12315
Page 48 of 174
Table 4. 4: Suggested KRIS Rehabilitation Work Plan
YEAR COMPLETED.
SECTORS
Ha BUDGET (₦) US$ UNCOMPLETED.
SECTORS
Ha BUDGET (₦) US$
1. Cirin
Shiye
Kode
Yuri
Kuluma
Ruga
Yakasia
Karfi
Tsauni
Makworo
Kosawa
2,991.29 97,230,194.00 308,667.28 Makunturi 288.89 9388855.00 29,805.89
2. Tsanbanki
Lauteye
Turba
Ungwa Rimi
Korawa
Bunkure A
Bunkure B
Pako
Dalili
M. Gabas
Majabo
Butalawa
Gori North
Gori South
Rakauna
3,000.17 97509692.00 309,554.58 Dambala 205.65 6683585.00 21,217.73
Page 49 of 174
Maura
Azore I & II
3. Bengaza
Waire
Yantomo
Barnawa
Gayere
Samawa
Kore
3,139.34 102,030,792.00 323907.28 Unguwar Rimi B 154.74 5028645.00 15,963.95
4. Kadawa
Dorawa
Gafan
Agolas
Yadakwari
Raje
Agalawa
3,311.98 107,644,574.00 341728.81
SUB
TOTAL
12,442.78 404,415,252.00 1,283,857.94 649.28 21,101,085.00 66,987.57
Page 50 of 174
Table 4. 5: Type of Affected Person
S/No Person Definition
1 Individual Individuals who risks losing assets, investments, or access to natural
and/or economic resources as a result of the rehabilitation works on
the irrigation canal
2 Households one or more persons - men, women, children, dependent relatives
and, tenants; vulnerable individuals who may be too old or ill to
farm along with the others; insofar as displacement due to the sub-
project activities creates challenges for which these people are ill
prepared.
3 Vulnerable
Persons/Grou
ps:
Persons/groups considered vulnerable due to their inability to cope
with and participate in decision making with regard to resettlement
in the course of work such as widows, elderly, underage, etc.
4 Corporate
Entity/
Organization
Government/Authority
Community
Place of Worship
4.3 Delineation of Impact Zone
Going by the design and sector layout, the exact zone of impact of the civil work activities in
the scheme cannot be easily determined, however, all rehabilitation work is limited to the
existing scheme layout.
The KRIS was designed and built on the basis of water supply by gravity and irrigation
during the day time, with night storage reservoirs for half of the command area. Water level
and discharge control in KRIS is provided by broad or long crested weirs in the branch canals
and by automatic gates in the DCs.
The existing field layouts, field canals, field drains, field tracks and FTOs locations cannot be
changed and other higher level structures in the water distribution system are fixed and can
also not been changed unless at very high costs. The water control system is not an issue;
issues are complete lack of scheme OMM, aggravated by Typha infestation in the canals and
reservoirs. Hence, there is no scope for alternative scheme layouts or for new water
distribution technology.
However, alternatives being proposed are for canal linings, water level control and for Typha
control / removal since these aspects are at the core of the deterioration of the schemes.
In this regard potential impacts envisaged for the rehabilitation works are as follows:
● The zone of impact for the rehabilitation activities is envisaged to be within the
5metres set back from the edges of the existing structures.
● The site camp for equipment shall be carefully selected to avoid impacting on any
social means of people.
● No land take of any individual or communal Structures among communities will be
affected by the rehabilitation project given the rehabilitation work is confined to the
existing irrigation scheme.
Page 51 of 174
● Temporary disturbance as a result of proposed rehabilitation works to supply of water
to farmers for irrigation
● Temporary access disturbance to farmers as a result of rehabilitation works
● Ongoing fishing activities may be disturbed in the Tiga, Ruwan and Challawa Gorge
project areas.
● Water intake from the Challawa gorge and the Kano river at the Tambuluwa treatment
plant may be affected
● Rice, Millet, Tomato yields in a planting season may be affected.
● Temporary disturbance of access to itinerant petty trader along the KRIS access routes
in the course of rehabilitation works.
● The Project Affected Persons (PAPs) exceed 200.
4.4 Benefit of the Project
The Project will focus on rehabilitation of existing irrigated land and completion of
uncompleted sectors (rather than an expansion of irrigation into rain-fed agricultural land).
The positive project impacts for the primary stakeholders are therefore expected to be far
more important than the negative ones.
Economic development of the area and region as a whole is the long-term objective and is
associated with improved agricultural practices through crop irrigation. The economic
benefits of the Project will, in turn, have economic ripple effect for the larger community,
and to the zone and region as a whole. Key benefits or desired outcomes from the project are
listed below:
Increased cropping intensity due to provision of dry season irrigation water
Increased crop yields due to improved drainage, inputs and crop husbandry
Increased crop diversity due to an improvement of land capability by irrigation and
drainage and improved access to seeds and markets
Increased livestock productivity due to increased availability of crop residue and
development of irrigated fodder crops
Increased and stabilised household incomes from agriculturally related goods and
services – and associated local employment including for scheme operation and
maintenance
Improved institutional capacity of government organizations responsible for water
management and agricultural development at local levels
Improved road access with many associated benefits with many associated benefits
Social development particularly due to the establishment and operation of
democratic, gender sensitive and transparent water management organizations at
different levels
Reduced impacts from flooding
Reduction in incidences of water-borne diseases. Malaria incidences, the main
sickness suffered by residents of the project area are likely to reduce following
introduction of irrigation systems into the area, they shall help to drain excess water
Increased water supply and reliability.
Improved on-farm productivity.
Improved financial returns from farming.
Longer-term food security.
Better nutrition.
Page 52 of 174
In addition, during construction phases there would be both short-term and long term
opportunities and benefits such as requirement of labour workforce; and contractual
opportunities in the provision of direct support services such as hiring of vehicles, canteen
services, etc.
4.5 Negative Impact of the Project
Negative impacts anticipated are negligible. While there exist a possibility that farmers may
be deprived of planting their crops in the dry season which may lead to loss of income,
while repair works on the canals are ongoing, provisions to mitigate this impact is already
being made with the provision of resettlement assistance commensurate with the expected
income from harvest to all the PAPs. Noise from heavy duty machines and dust emissions
are some of the other identified likely negative impacts.
4.6 Potentially Affected Assets
Potentially affected asset are farmlands that are within 5metres setback of all the collector
drains and canals where civil works shall be carried out. The assets are farm lands with
annual seasonal crops.
4.7 Categories of Losses/Impact
Losses are potentially restricted to losses of income from farm produce in the course of the
rehabilitation works that may deprive the farm owners’ access to irrigation for cultivating
their lands in the dry season(s).
4.8 Inventory of Impacted Assets
The affected assets include farmlands essentially. These have been identified with a unique
identification number generated for each farmland as shown in figure 4.1 below
Figure 4. 1: Ticket showing farm unique identification number
4.8.1 Impact on Land
Land shall be acquired within the setback from the canals and the drainage system as
working space for the project based on 5m setback while some other lands may be acquired
temporarily as Operations base of the civil works Contractor.
4.8.2 Impact on Structures
It is envisaged that no fixed structures of any type shall be impacted by the project (as this
have been taken into consideration in the design) except moveable makeshift stalls which
Page 53 of 174
are used for displaying of wares or resting within the project and some demarcated praying
areas by the canals.
4.8.3 Impact on Agricultural Resources (Crops)
Table 4.6 shows an outline of the categories of losses (agricultural resources) that shall be
affected in the course of the intervention work. Rice, beans, groundnut, guinea corn,
vegetable, Maize, water melon, soya-beans and fruit trees of at demarcation points, are the
crops /trees that may be affected.
Table 4. 6: Agricultural Resource Impacted
S/No Category of Loss Type of Loss/Use
Remarks
A
Loss of Income and
Livelihood
Land Resources. Crops/Tree
type
Millet Crop Annual
Maize Crop Annual
Rice (paddy) Crop Annual
Groundnut Root crop Annual
Beans Crop Annual
Tomatoes Crop Annual
Water melon Fruit Annual
Guinea corn Crop Annual
Onion Root Annual
Cap beans Crop Perennial
Mango Fruit tree Perennial
Moringa Tree Perennial
Locust beans Tree Tree Perennial
Neem ;; ;;
Boaba ;; ;
Kaiwa ;; ;
Kuka ;; ;
Dunya ;; ;
Lalle ;; ;
Guava Tree Perennial
B Physical Loss of
Assets
Makeshift
moveable stalls
Used to display ware or rest
points
Makeshift
movable Place
of worship
Demarcated place of
worship in a block often
adjacent to the canals.
4.8.4 Impact on Utilities
There are no utilities identified as affected.
4.8.5 Impact on Social Networks
Page 54 of 174
The restriction/physical disturbance of PAPs will result in the disruption of some social
networks, in terms of less land space for farming during the civil works rehabilitation
activities. It should be noted however, that the rehabilitation works as much as practicable
will be carried out on a sector by sectors basis (such that if work is ongoing in sector A for
instance, farmers in sector B will still be able to carry on with their farming activities.)
Nevertheless, the nature of the mitigation/compensation shall largely ensure that those
affected will still be in close contact and make use of other parts of their land not affected.
They will generally retain the position of their farms even after the work of the rehabilitation
works.
4.8.6 Impact on Cultural Heritage and Worship Place
No cultural site, grave, or other cultural assets were identified as affected in any of the
sectors. However, there are 3 demarcated praying area within the setback of the canal that
were identified. In the course of consultation, these are moveable and can be dismantled and
re-erected on completion of works.
4.8.7 Impact on Vulnerable Groups
Issues of concern or priority to those in this specific group were explored for adequate
coverage. These include those less able to care for themselves such as the underage,
widow/widowers, the elderly, and those with physical or mental challenges as reflected in
numbers (45-47) of table 3.1. Based on the socio-economic surveys, these included small
segments of the population (for example, children less than 10 years old) or the elderly (for
example, adults more than 65 years old).
4.8.8 Response on willingness to be part of the Project
From our interactions with the farmers, most of the PAPs are particularly happy about the
prospect of the project and gave their consent and are willing to shift backward, off the
setback where they have planted as required for the project to be executed for the common
good.
4.9 Potential Relocation Areas
The impact on the assets is considered minimal, no relocation is expected but temporary loss
of use/restricted access to the use in the area where the actual work will take place. The
PAPs shall make use of their remaining land, pending the completion of work. As part of
ongoing consultation and information dissemination, they have been made to understand the
setbacks (of 5metres) so as not to impact on the rehabilitated structures and trained by PMU
on sustainable cultivation. The RBDA with the support of the PMU will sign agreement
with them to ensure compliance.
4.10 Project Affected Persons
A register of the number of project affected persons shall be prepared. The register, which
will show the PAPs with their entitlements shall not be displayed to the public for security
reasons but kept in the offices of HJRBDA and the TRIMING office.
Page 55 of 174
CHAPTER FIVE
EXISTING LEGAL FRAMEWORK
5.0 Introduction
In this Chapter, a description of relevant local laws and customs that apply to resettlement,
gaps between local laws and World Bank Group policies are examined and project-specific
mechanisms to address conflicts and the legal steps necessary to ensure the effective
implementation of resettlement activities under the project; including, as appropriate, a
process for recognizing claims to legal rights to land--including claims that derive from
customary law and traditional usage.
This chapter also describes the entitlement policies for each category of impact and specify
that resettlement implementation will be based on specific provisions of agreed RAP and
entitlement matrix.
5.1 Land Tenure Arrangements in the Project Areas
A significant majority of land in the project schemes is “owner occupied”, as opposed to
government- owned land that is leased back to farmers. This is considered preferable in terms
of encouraging sound land management by farmers and their participation in WUAs. It also
implies that the Project will not be engaging in activities that involve fundamental changes to
existing tenure arrangements.
However, in assessing land tenure at the project sites, it is important not to take the term
“owner occupied” too literally. While the term does accurately signify that most land remains
in private hands as opposed to government control, there are a growing number of cases
where parcels are occupied and used by persons other than the “owner.” There is, for
example, an increasing incidence of land being leased or loaned to others, or subject to share-
cropping arrangements. There is also in some locations an increasingly active land market
with land changing hands through sales. Land parcels have also been transformed through
inheritance, sub-division by the authority, HJRBDA and consolidation.
Thus, the land tenure situation within the schemes is not static, and project implementation,
including support to the establishment of WUAs, will need to be sensitive to the fluidity of
the situation.
Disputes over land in the schemes are reportedly relatively rare, and in the case of KRIS, this
has been confirmed through the ESIA process. However, experience from elsewhere suggests
that conflicts may rise as land values increase with successful scheme development,
potentially putting pressure on existing land relationships and on those land owners who may
be economically or socially vulnerable.
Therefore this RAP provides as clear a picture as possible of: the legal status of farmers’
rights, the typology of land tenure arrangements that exist any discernible trends in land
markets and values, landlessness and conflict, and any potential concerns relating to tenure
insecurity or conflict over land that may result from or pose a risk for project implementation.
5.2 Agricultural Land Policy
The Objectives of agricultural land policy are:
i. to have a nationally accepted land tenure system which will ensure that land is not
fragmented and that it is easily accessible to people who may want to use it for any
Page 56 of 174
profitable venture;
ii. to use available land in such a way that its quality is conserved so as to enhance its
potential for continuous productivity and
iii. to have land allocated to its most suitable uses, such that land suitable for agriculture
is used solely for that purpose and bad land are protected against further damage;
iv. to sufficiently enlighten the masses on land matter in order that the aims and
objectives of land policies are appreciated by the general public.
The achievements of the above objectives are based on the following strategies:
Government will control the process of acquisition of land in such a way that peasant
farmers are not dispossessed in favour of large scale farmers. Where existing
farmlands must be acquired for overriding public interest, the government will pay
for the improvements on the land in addition to economic crops and/or agricultural
activities. Also, government will provide alternative farmland for the displaced
farmers;
State governments will where necessary establish Agricultural land Banks consistent
with the spirit of the Land Use Act to cater for all categories of farmers;
As much as possible government will encourage a free flow of information on land
potentials as well as promote massive enlightenment on land policies, including
management practices;
Government will harmonize compensation for economic crops and structures on
acquired land as well as the cost of land clearing and preparation.
5.3 Nigeria Land Use Act and World Bank OP4.12 – A Comparison
The law relating to land administration in Nigeria is wide and varied; entitlements for
payment of compensation are essentially based on right of ownership. The World Bank's
OP4.12 is fundamentally different from this and states that affected persons are entitled to
some form of compensation whether or not they have legal title if they occupy the land by or
before the cut -off date as indicated.
Based on this comparison, entitlement matrix presented in this RAP is designed to assist the
process by bridging the gaps between requirements under Nigeria Law and the World Bank
OP4.12. In comparison and bridging the gaps between the requirements under Nigeria Law
and the World Bank OP4.12 (Table 5.1), it is emphasized that the higher of the two
standards/instruments (the more beneficial to the project affected persons) should be
followed as it also satisfies the requirements of the lesser standard.
Table5. 1: Land Use Act and World Bank OP 4.12 - A Comparison
Issue Nigerian Law World Bank OP 4.12
Land Owners:
Statutory Rights
Cash compensation based on
market value
Preference for land-for-land compensation. If not,
cash at full replacement value, including transfer
costs
Land Owners:
Customary Rights
Cash compensation for land
improvements; compensation
in kind with other
village/district land
Preference for land-for-land compensation, land of
equal or equivalent value. If not, cash at full
replacement value, including transfer costs
Land: Tenants Compensation based on the
value of residual rights held
Compensation based on value of residual rights held
under the tenancy agreement, plus disturbance
Page 57 of 174
under the tenancy agreement.
Entitled to compensation
based upon the amount of
rights they hold upon land.
allowances, Are entitled to some form of
compensation whatever the legal recognition of
their occupancy.
Agricultural land
users
No compensation for land;
compensation for standing
crops according to values
established from time to time
by State governments, Not
entitled to compensation for
land, entitled to
compensation for crops.
Compensation in kind or cash for value of land;
compensation at full replacement value for lost
crops and economic trees and perennials, fully
verifying or updating state lists of values, Entitled to
compensation for crops, may be entitled to
replacement land and income must be restored to
pre-project levels at least.
Owners of
structures
Cash compensation based on
market values, taking account
of depreciation Cash
compensation based on
market value for Owners of
"Non-permanent" Buildings
In-kind compensation or cash at full replacement
value including labor, relocation expenses, and
transfer costs. Added disturbance allowances
.Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash
compensation at full replacement cost including
labor and relocation expenses, prior to
displacement for Owners of "Non-permanent"
Buildings
Losers of
livelihoods
(farmers, business
people,
employees)
No consideration other than
cash values for assets as
described above by asset
category
Key objective is restoration of capacity to generate
incomes at least at levels prior to losses. Programs
of assistance to achieve this objective.
Compensation for periods of lost income.
Grievance
procedure
No specific requirement for
establishing an independent
grievance mechanism
The grievance mechanism will be set up as early as
possible in the process, to receive and address in a
timely fashion specific concerns about
compensation and relocation that are raised by
displaced persons and/or members of host
communities, including a recourse mechanism
designed to resolve disputes in an impartial manner.
The grievance mechanism, process, or procedure
should address concerns promptly and effectively,
using an understandable and transparent process that
is culturally appropriate and readily accessible to all
segments of the affected communities, at no cost
and without retribution.
Rejection of
Compensation
No categorical statement Where compensation to an affected person in
accordance with an approved resettlement plan has
been offered, but the offer has been rejected, the
taking of land and related assets may only proceed if
the project owner has deposited funds equal to the
amount offered as compensation plus 10 percent in a
secure form of escrow or other interest-bearing
deposit satisfying the Bank’s fiduciary
requirements. The project owner must also provide a
means satisfactory to the Bank for resolving the
dispute concerning the offer of compensation in a
Page 58 of 174
timely and equitable manners Source: TRIMMING Resettlement Policy Framework, Feb. 2013
5.4 Entitlement Matrix for Various Categories of PAPs
Based on the comparison between Land Law in the Federal Government of Nigeria and
Bank OP4.12, an entitlement matrix has been designed. This bridges the gaps between the
requirements under Nigeria Law and the World Bank OP4.12 and ensures that the higher of
the two standards is followed, since the requirements of the lesser standard are also satisfied.
The Entitlements Matrix (Table 5.2) summarizes the types of impacts, PAPs who shall be
eligible for compensation, what their entitlements shall be, and provides comments on
implementation issues (5.2).
Table5. 2: The Entitlement Matrix for Various Categories of PAPs
Category of
PAP
Type of
Loss
ENTITLEMENTS
Compensation for
Loss of
Structures
Compensation
For Loss of
Land
And other
Assets
Compensation
for Loss of
Income
Moving
Allowance
Other
Assistance
Land
Owners
Loss of
land
Full Replacement
Costs. None
Crops at market
Rates in dry
Season None
Amount
to be
determined by
PMU
Loss of
Structure or
Business
Compensation at
Full replacement
value not
depreciated taking
into account
market prices for
structures and
materials
Lump sum
payment of 6
months’ rent
per tenant
For lost rental
income, lump
sum cash
payment of 3
months’ rent
Per tenant.
Moving to
Be done
free by
project
Disturbance
allowance to be
determined by
PMU
Land
Tenants:
Loss of
rental
accommoda
tion N/A N /A . N/A N/A N/A
Land Users/
Business
Tenant
Loss of
Premises No Loss
Replacement
cost
For facilities
that
cannot be
moved
For loss of
Business
income,
payment of half
of turnover for
3 months
Free
moving
if
notification
before
deadline N/A
Encroachers
(using Land)
Loss of
Land None
Where possible
Assistance in
securing other
access to land
for
Crops at market
Rates in dry
season. For
street vendors
on right of ways None
Possible
Employment
with
Civil works
contractors, etc.
Page 59 of 174
Crops growing
subject to
approval of
local
authorities/com
munities
possible access
to other
sites/location
where they can
legally work.
and/or amount to
be
determined by
PMU
Squatters
(living on
Site)
Loss of
Shelter
Compensation at
full replacement
value for
structure,
relocation to
resettlement site,
with payment of
site rent.
None
Payments in
lieu
Of wages while
Rebuilding None
Amount to be
determined by
PMU
Cattle Rearers
Loss of
grazing
area
Relocation to new
grazing sites
Where possible
Assist the
cattle
herdsmen to
locate new
grazing fields
No immediate
loss of income
None Provision of
alternative
grazing area
5.5 Eligibility Criteria
The PAPS that are eligible for compensation and other project assistance include:
1. Those that are on the setback of 5metres that will be displaced.
2. Those whose income will be impaired.
3. Those who need to carry out construction works due to either relocation or shifting
backwards.
4. Those whose properties are bulky and required finance for transportation.
The following criteria, which are contained in OP/BP 4.12(Para1), are adopted for this RAP.
Those who have formal legal right to land (including customary and traditional rights
recognized by law of the country); documented in the form of certificates of
occupancy, tenancy agreements, rent receipts, building and planning permits, among
others. Unprocessed/unregistered formal legal documents will not bar eligibility and
procedures for confirming authenticity of such documents will be established in the
RAP
Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but
have a claim to such lands or assets - provided that such claims are recognized under
the laws of the country or become recognized through a process identified in the
resettlement plan.
Alternative means of proof of eligibility will include:
Affidavit signed by landlords and tenants for affected assets-(Farm plot).
Witnessing or evidence by recognized trade union heads, traditional authority,
customary heads, community elders, family heads, elders and the general community.
Those who have been given the identification ticket number for their farm plot,
Page 60 of 174
A census of all categories of losses and PAPs was undertaken based on the categorizations in
the entitlement matrix provided herewith. To avoid an influx of outsiders to project areas and
misuse of the compensation policy, the last date of the census (December 8th
, 2016) served as
the cut-off date for eligibility and no new PAPs will be eligible for compensation after this
date.
5.6 Unit of Entitlement
In order to ensure that entitlements target those adversely affected, it has become relevant to
understand the Unit of entitlement as used in this instrument.
The “Unit of entitlement” is the individual, the family or household or the community that is
eligible to receive compensation or rehabilitation benefits.
The unit of loss determines the unit of entitlement. That is, as a general rule, those losing
assets are compensated for their losses. For instance:
Household entitlements are payable to the head of the household. Household headed
by women are entitled to the same resettlement benefits as those headed by men
If an individual loses a small business or access to income generating resources, the
individual is entitled to compensation or rehabilitation.
If more than one person owns or customarily uses expropriated resources, then they
are entitled to share in the compensation.
If wives in polygamous households loses a small business or access to income
generating resources such shall be compensated as individuals if they are losing land
rather than just part of the household
5.7 Eligible Parties
Eligible parties for the purpose of this project are identified as Project Affected Persons
(PAPs). This term refers to a collective unit of entitlement, and is used in this document to
refer to individuals and businesses and any other group affected by the project. PAPs eligible
for compensation shall be those who experience negative impacts on their assets or
livelihoods as a result of the Project. Generally, measures will be incorporated in Project
design to minimize adverse impacts.
The census carried out enabled the identification of those affected and eligible for assistance
and the nature of assistance such as:
Those who have formal legal rights to land [resettlement assistance]
Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but
have a claim to such land or assets in dry season [resettlement assistance]
The vulnerable groups will be given special attention/protection in compliance with the
World Bank policy. These include orphans, widows and the aged whose assets are affected.
5.7.1 Rights to Land
People who have formal legal, customary, or traditional rights to land have a right to
compensation, at full replacement value (without depreciation), for the land and other assets
that they may lose due to the proposed projects. If PAPs are physically relocated, they also
have a right to other forms of assistance where applicable:
Alternative land that has all the advantages of the previous site, in terms of location;
productive potential, access to public services, customers, and suppliers, etc.
moving assistance,
Page 61 of 174
support during a transition period while they re-establish their livelihood and standard
of living, and
Other assistance such as land or plot preparation, credit to help re-establish their
business or livelihood. Such assistance is in addition to the compensation, and may be
provided in cash/in kind, or in some combination.
However, on the KRIS Project there is no land take nor relocation issues on the
irrigated farm plots.
5.7.2 Claims to Land
People who have claims to land have a right to compensation, at full replacement value
(without depreciation), for the land and other assets that they lose due to projects. If people
who have rights or claims to land are physically relocated, they are eligible for the other
forms of assistance.
5.7.3 Eligible Communities
It is important to note that the eligibility may be claimed collectively e.g. as a community or
religious group. Communities permanently losing land and/or access to assets and or
resources under statutory/customary rights will be eligible for compensation. Example of
community compensation includes schools and places of worship. The rationale for this is to
ensure that the pre-project socio-economic status of communities adversely impacted is also
restored. On the KRIS there are 3 places of worship identified within the sectors that are
eligible.
5.8 Non-Eligible APs
Persons who occupy the area after the socio-economic study (census and valuation) are not
eligible for compensation or any form of resettlement assistance, except perhaps for moving
expense. Similarly, assets built after the cut-off date is not eligible for compensation.
However, it may be possible that some APs may have been missed in the Census. A sectoral
map of farm plots have been produced for the sectors considered for rehabilitation, Therefore,
farmers not on ground at the time of census and whose farm plots have been measured and
captured in the map in absentia and can demonstrate that they are eligible will also be
included during implementation.
Also, if works are not initiated two years or more pass after declaration of the cutoff date, a
new census and evaluation of properties shall be carried out.
5.8.1 No Rights or Claims to Land
Individuals are not entitled to compensation if the project causes them to lose land to which
they have neither rights nor claims. However, if these people are forced to relocate physically
because of the subprojects, they are entitled to other forms of resettlement assistance to help
re-establish their previous standard of living and income. This assistance could take the form
of land, cash, other assets, employment, and so forth, depending on the specific situation.
People who move into an affected area just to get compensation and assistance, or after the
cut-off date has been established, do not have a right to either compensation or assistance.
5.8.2 In-Eligible Legacy Issues
As revealed during the consultations issues related to long-ago resettlement that require
mitigation are ineligible in accordance with this RAP and under Bank resettlement policy.
Page 62 of 174
No compensation shall be made for any legacy issues as the stakeholders were made to be
aware.
5.9 Adult Offspring and Entitlements
It is considered expedient to outline the followings as part of this RAP in order to ensure less
friction in the execution of the plan:
1. Adult offspring in the household are not eligible for separate entitlements. As a
general principle, Bank policy does not make adult offspring residing within the
household individually eligible for the complete household entitlement. For
instance, if in the household of eight include two adults still residing with their natal
family, giving each of them entitlement to a house and 2 hectares of land would go
far beyond compensation for losses. This is not acceptable in this RAP.
2. Adult offspring are entitled to compensation for lost assets they own. Adult
offspring (sons and daughters alike) residing within a household are entitled to
compensation for loss of any productive assets in their name, assuming the losses
are directly attributable to the project.
3. Adult offspring are eligible for rehabilitation assistance for loss of employment
income. Adult sons and daughters residing within the household are entitled to
rehabilitation assistance for any direct loss of employment income. If household
entitlement packages are sufficient to restore household labor arrangements (for
example, an agricultural household receives replacement agricultural lands), adult
offspring living within the household are not automatically eligible for alternative
rehabilitation assistance. A good practice is to extend such eligibility, if direct
replacement of household assets is not feasible or sources of household income are
expected to change as a result of resettlement.
5.10 Women and Children Entitlement
In the affected areas, women play a very active role in on-farm and off-farm income
generating and other economic development orientated activities, in addition to performing
household duties. Accordingly those that have been identified as vulnerable and especially
the women shall therefore receive special attention and support to maintain their sources of
livelihood and production patterns.
This RAP ensures that women as a vulnerable group, and especially women-headed
households, will obtain benefits equal to men in the project area.
Children are an important source of household income in many areas. Children’s wage
incomes and subsistence production are counted in calculating household entitlements.
However, children, as legal wards, are not entitled to separate compensation. It should be
noted that as good practice suggests, households dependent on child labor can benefit from
alternative income earning opportunities for adults while the children’s access to educational
opportunities is improved.
Page 63 of 174
CHAPTER SIX
VALUATION AND COMPENSATION AND OTHER RESETTLEMENT
ASSISTANCE
6.0 Introduction
The methodology used for valuing losses, or damages, for the purpose of determining their
replacement costs; and a description of the proposed types and levels of compensation
consistent with international, national and local laws and measures, as necessary, to ensure
that these are based on acceptable values (e.g. market rates) is presented in this chapter.
6.1 Valuation Methodology
The methodology used is outlined below:
6.1.1 Replacement Cost and Damage & Loss Assessment Methodology
“Replacement cost’ is the method of valuation of assets that helps determine the amount
sufficient to replace lost assets and cover transaction costs. In applying this method of
valuation, depreciation of structures and assets should not be taken into account. For losses
that cannot easily be valued or compensated for in monetary terms (e.g., access to public
services, customers, and suppliers; or to fishing, grazing, or forest areas), attempts are made
to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning
opportunities. Where domestic law does not meet the standard of compensation at full
replacement cost, compensation under domestic law is supplemented by additional measures
necessary to meet the replacement cost standard”
To assess damage and losses of economic assets identified, the Damage and Loss Assessment
(DaLA) Methodology was adopted. DaLA is a flexible, comprehensive damage and loss
assessment methodological tool presently used by the World Bank for the estimation of
overall impacts such as that caused by disaster. The tool which captures the closest
approximation of damage and losses is in line with World Bank OP 4.12 provisions on
involuntary resettlement.
The tool was initially developed by the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the
Caribbean (UN-ECLAC) in 1972, has been modified and strengthened over more than three
decades of application in post-disaster contexts around the world. The improvement has been
through close cooperation of World Bank, WHO, PAHO, Inter-American Development
Bank, UNESCO, and ILO.
The DaLA Methodology bases its assessments on the overall economy of the affected
country/project area. It uses the national/project location accounts and statistics as baseline
data to assess damage and loss. It also factors on the impact of disasters/projects on
individual livelihoods and incomes to fully define the needs for recovery and reconstruction.
The tool analyses three main aspects:
Damage (direct impact) - impact on assets, stock, and property, valued at agreed
replacement (not reconstruction) unit prices. The assessment considers the level of
damage (whether an asset can be rehabilitated / repaired, or has been completely
destroyed).
Losses (indirect impact) - flows that will be affected, such as reduced incomes,
increased expenditures, etc. over the time period until the assets are recovered. These
Page 64 of 174
are quantified at present value. The definition of the time period is critical. If the
recovery takes longer than expected, losses might increase significantly.
Economic effects (sometimes called secondary impacts) - fiscal impacts, implications
for GDP growth, etc. This analysis can also be applied at sub-national/local levels.
DaLA method was used to determine compensation for economic trees because of its
robustness and advantage over the traditional method of assessing the cost of an economic
tree. DaLA method states that market value of yield per tree for the current season
(agricultural season) and cost of re-planting and nursery should be used to determine the
compensation rate for the economic tree while the Traditional Method equates the capital of
the existing structure/ tree to the cost of reinstating the structure/ tree on the same type of
plot at the current labour, material and other incident costs.
Current Market value of asset within the project area was used to determine the
compensation rate for crops and land. This was determined via market survey of land per
square meter and the market prices of the affected Trees in the project areas.
6.1.2 Valuation of Land
The World Bank OP 4.12 requires that displaced owners of land be provided with an area of
land equivalent to their displaced land. It states that land restoration should be in a location
that has similar value as the one displaced to the project. However, land resettlement will
not occur since land take is small and will not warrant a physical displacement of persons.
Furthermore, the issue of land take by the project has been addressed and agreed upon by
the stakeholders during the public consultation that compensation be given to PAPs for their
land resources.
6.2 Valuation – Cost of agricultural/Crop production
Different crops are cultivated in the scheme; Market survey was carried out thrice in the
scheme, (before and after the Salah Break and before Christmas within a period of four
months August to December) to determine the valuation because of the high inflation
prevalent in the country at the time of RAP preparation. Table 6.1 is the market survey as at
first week in December 2016 and Table 6.2 is the average of the three surveys. The
Valuation is determined based on the rate utilized for the various farms by farmers in their
cultivation as well as anticipated gains in the project area for each crop observed in the
irrigation scheme.
Table 6. 1: Market Survey of an Ha for a Planting Season in Naira (₦)
S/N Items G/Corn Millet Beans Rice Water
Melon
G/Nut Potatoes
1 Cost Per Bag 15000 15000 20000 12000 6000 8000 2500
2 Number Of Bags Per
ha
15
BAGS
13
BAGS
10
BAGS
75
BAGS
30
BAGS
20
BAGS
30
BAGS
3 Duration through
Cultivation
4
MONTH
2
MONTH
4
MONTH
4
MONTH
2
MONTH
3
MONTH
3
MONTH
4 No. Of Times For
Fertilizer Application
2
TIMES
2
TIMES
ONCE 3 TIMES 3 TIMES ONCE ONCE
5 Weeding Number Of 3 3 2 2 TIMES 2 TIMES 2 2
Page 65 of 174
Times TIMES TIMES TIMES TIMES TIMES
Cost Per labour for an
ha
6 Cost Of
Cultivation/Weeding
An ha
20,000 20,000 20,000 35000 20,000 20,000 20,000
7 Monthly Water Rate
charge/500
500 500 500 500 500 500 500
8 Chemical
(herbicide/insecticide)
Used Per Planting
Season
4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
9 Amount for 1litre
herbicide/insecticide
5LITRE 5LITRE 5LITRE 10LITRE 12LIRE 5LITRE 5LITRE
10a Amount for 1Bag of
MPK Fertilizer
10,200 10,200 10,200 10,200 10,200 10,200 10,200
10b
Amount for 1Bag of
Urea Fertilizer
7,500 7,500 7,500 7,500
10C
Amount for 1Bag of
SUPER Fertilizer
7000 7000
11 Cost Of Labour For
Harvesting Per ha
25000
12 Number Of Times
Chemicals
(herbicide/insecticide)
Are Used In A
Planting Season
2TIMES 2TIMES 2TIMES 4TIMES 12TIMES 2TIMES
Table 6. 2: Average Crop Yield and Prices
Crop Sector Name Average Produce (100Kg of
Rice) per 0.4 hectare
Average Price (Naira) per 100kg Bag
Rice Kura 23 11,250
Garun Mallam 23 11,250
Bunkure 22.48 11,250
Crop Sector Name Average Produce (No of
Baskets) per 0.4 hectare
Average Price (Naira) per Basket
Tomato Kura 60 1,150
Garun Mallam 60 545
Bunkure 84.4 10,200
Crop Sector Name Average Produce (No of 50Kg
bags/Solos) per 0.4 hectare
Average Price (Naira) per 50Kg bag
Onion
Kura 40 11,500
Garun Mallam 39 11,500
Bunkure N/A N/A
Page 66 of 174
Crop Sector Name Average Produce (lot [100
pieces] ) per 0.4 hectare
Average Price (Naira) per 50Kg bag
Water Melon Kura N/A N/A
Garun Mallam N/A N/A
Bunkure 3.5 22,500
Table 6. 3: Cost Rate for the Affected Makeshift Resting and Praying Area
Items to replace
Rate/unit (N)
A Wooden structures
A1 Wooden slabs/planks
A1.1 Stilts 2x6x12 ₦1600 unit
A1.2 Roofing wood 2x2; 2x3; 2x6 ₦800 – ₦1,200 unit
A1.3 Plywood 4ft x 8ft ₦3,100
A2 Zinc roofing sheets ₦20, 000/bundle
A3 Palm fronds ₦500/bundle
A4 Nails ₦200 - ₦250/kg
A5 Labor
A4.1 Labor per day ₦2,500/day
A4.2 Labor for dismantling small structure ₦5,000
A4.3 Labor for dismantling medium structure ₦7,500
A4.4 Labor for dismantling large structure ₦10,000
B Block structures
B1 Bag of cement ₦2,000/bag
B2 6inch block ₦180/block
B3 9inch block ₦200/block
B4 Load of sand ₦25,000/load
B5 Load of gravel ₦65,000/load
B6 Labor per day ₦5,500/day
C Rent
C1 Average rent rates in project areas ₦1,000/ space per month
C2 Transaction costs
D Transportation
D1 5 Ton delivery truck ₦20,000/day
6.3 Compensation Rate- Guidelines for Temporary Acquisition of Assets
The irrigation project requires temporary use of private lands or structures for access,
material storage, work sites, or other purposes.
Overall, since temporary loss of lands or structures can adversely affect incomes or standards
of living, a compensation guideline which provide the basis for any involuntary temporary
acquisition at the project area have been developed (Table 6.5).
Nevertheless, it is suggested that contractors could obtain voluntarily temporary access
through renting or leasing or exercise legal or regulatory authority over the parcel owned by
the government.
Page 67 of 174
Table 6. 4: Compensation Rate Guidelines for Temporary Acquisition of Assets
Asset Loss Guideline Basis/Remarks
Crops on
Farm
Land
Compensation equivalent to the net average income
that would have been obtained from the crops on
farmland during the period of temporary acquisition in
dry season; and
Restoration of the land to its original productive use or
full compensation for the cost of restoration.
Explicitly delineate in contractors’ agreements the
responsibility for restoring the land to its former
productive use where impacted.
Temporary acquisition
of agricultural land for
one planting season (dry
season)
Structures Compensation based on the remaining extent of access
or use.
If temporary land acquisition produces only minor
inconveniences (for example, periodic destruction of
access), compensation to restore the structure to its
original condition and an inconvenience allowance can
be paid.
If structures themselves are temporarily acquired, or if
use of the structure is precluded, alternative comparable
accommodations, a rental allowance for equivalent
temporary housing, or payment for constructing a
temporary structure of a reasonable standard can be
provided. Compensation should be paid for any moving
or restoration expenses.
calculation for structures
that may be affected
6.4 Resettlement Measures – Options
This RAP has been designed to fit the specific project circumstances, as well as the
preferences of the PAPs.
Compensation will be paid for replacement value for asset on Land equivalent to loss. The
Compensation package will also include cost of moving, such as transport costs as well as
any associated land titling / improvement or transfer cost where applicable.
6.5. Specific consideration on Resettlement Measures in the Rehabilitation Works
Area
The bulk of the civil works within this area is the rehabilitation of the drains, canals are de-
silted and ensuring that the access roads and cattle ramps / pedestrian with bridges are
installed or repaired. The 5metres setbacks from the canals have been designed to form the
access roads and are also proposed to serve as the Cattle tracks.
All the PAPs with their affected assets have been identified. During the field survey and
consultations, the communities and PAPs were helped to appreciate that the 5metres setback
from the canals does not belong to any of the PAPs and any other person other than the
government. Thus for common good no one PAP would be compensated for any asset lost
within the 5metres setback.
Page 68 of 174
For the communal stalls/ resting place assets and demarcated praying areas within the
5metres setback also, the compensation will be dismantling and replacing allowances as
they are on government land.
However, this RAP highly recommends that all PAPs must be given opportunity to harvest
all their present crops without planting new ones before civil works commences within this
5metres. In the event that work exceeds this 5metress, compensation must be paid for all
assets affected.
6.6 Modes of Restitution
This RAP emphasizes “prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses
of assets attributable directly to the project” in line with World Bank OP 4.12 Policy.
For households with land-based livelihoods that lose a significant portion of their holding,
Bank policy gives preference to land-based strategies. “These strategies may include
resettlement on public land, or on private land acquired or purchased for resettlement.
Whenever replacement land is offered, PAPs are provided with land for which a combination
of productive potential, locational advantages, and other factors is at least equivalent to the
advantages of the land taken”
Payment of cash compensation may be appropriate “where (a) livelihoods are land –based but
the land taken for the project is small fraction of the affected asset and the residual is
economically viable; (b) active markets for land, housing, and labor exist, displaced persons
use such markets, and there is sufficient supply of land and housing; or (c) livelihood are not
land- based. Cash compensation level should be sufficient to replace the lost land and other
assets at full replacement cost in local markets.
All PAPs have been carefully documented with their photo ID. The notification for payment
will include how compensation will be made and when. The peculiar local security situations
shall be taken into consideration by the PMU in reaching out to the PAPs on compensation,
especially where cash payment is involved
6.7 Compensation Payment and Procedures for Delivery of Compensation
The following principles should be followed for payment of compensation for lost assets:
Compensation shall be paid prior to acquisition or displacement;
Compensation will be at replacement cost
Compensation of all the PAPs adequately for asset and income lost accordingly.
Payment of compensation will be made by the Resettlement implementation
Committee (RIC) to be inaugurated. This committee will include members of the
PMU and selected traditional leader / community leaders from the affected location
with representatives from KRIS/HJRBDA and WUA. Compensation benefits shall be
settled before the construction phase of the project Works which will take place
continuously over the 3-4 years within the east and west branch scheme as scheduled.
Table 4.4 provided a suggestion schedule of rehabilitation works for RAP
implementation. Therefore, before works start the resettlement committee will review
the work plan from the contractor to determine farmers that will be impacted by the
upcoming works. The farmers that will be impacted during upcoming season will be
compensated before works start: e.g. farmers to be impacted during the works of
November – May should be compensated in August/September.
Page 69 of 174
The RAP implementation committee will verify the correctness of each PAP as stated
in the register. Payments will be made accordingly at agreed locations and adequate
information will be made available to all affected persons before payment. Such
information will include how the payment will be made, dates, venue etc.
The procedure for delivery of compensation shall include:
o Full payment of compensation carried out before possession of acquired sites
o Formally make offers to affected persons and allow persons to accept or reject offer,
offer a counter claim and seek redress under the grievance procedures;
o Resettlement Implementation committee communicates the compensation package to
the PAPs
o PMU shall make arrangements with a commercial bank to effect payments at project
site without any challenge to the PAPs.
o Necessary document of payments (PAP form) to the affected persons should be
presented to PAPs in the presence of other independent witness of the affected
person and leaders of the communities.
o Each PAPs form and photograph shall be taken at the point of payment, the Finance
Department of the PMU the KRIS project office and the commercial bank shall have
copies each for record keeping;
o Comprehensive reports on payment made should be periodically submitted for
review by the PMU
Figure6. 1: Process for payment of compensation
6.8 Income Restoration Strategy –Alternatives
The key objective of the resettlement plan is to ensure that the economic and social future of
the affected persons/households/communities is at least as favourable as it was prior to the
project. A participatory approach has been utilized in the development of the income
generation programe in order to ensure that the ideas, wishes and needs of the stakeholders
are included.
Possession of acquired sites
Verification of PAPs
Resettlement Implementation
Committee
Communication of compensation package
to PAPs
Full payment of compensation to PAPs
Page 70 of 174
The program will support training in income generating activities with [adequate]
commercial potential in the agricultural sectors. Potential measures could include any of the
following:
Providing training for agricultural methods and technology to increase production
Providing skill training to prepare participants for off-farm work within or outside of
the affected area,
Providing access to, and giving preference to affected people in, employment
opportunities created by the project.
Training in money management
Specific programs that could be carried out are outlined below:
6.8.1 Livelihood Restoration
The farmers’ livelihood restoration programs will therefore target areas of improving
agriculture and small scale business development as well as enhancement of income
generating activities.
6.8.1.1 Livelihood Enhancement and Community Empowerment Program
To improve the livelihood, security and quality of life of all PAPs in the project area, a
program that strives to enhance their capacities in the areas of health, nutrition and education,
thereby improving quality of life of household members is essential.
Such programs could include:
Agricultural Training in crop and animal production, post-harvest loss
reduction and inputs support.
Agricultural enhancement of irrigated land through mulching and compost
generated from the farm
Micro Enterprise Development Training: including: entrepreneurship
development skills; business management; marketing; technical skill training
in appropriate technologies (including rice, millet and guinea corn processing,
baking, soap and pomade, mushroom production); and, input support.
Vocational & Technical Skill Training: in carpentry; masonry; welding;
electrical installation; catering; and dress making.
Micro Credit Training: Program beneficiaries are trained in credit access and
establishing linkages with financial institutions.
Community Resilience Development: involving building the capacities of
community members, particularly the youth in service provision.
Capital Support - programs for income replacers incorporated in the project.
Employment at Construction - local people whose livelihood get preference in
jobs associated with the project construction. Female affected people could
form labour contracting groups with the help of the Project Management and
be deployed by the contractor in simple excavations, bush clearing and other
programs (e.g. tree planting and watering). PAPS should get preferential
employment in project civil works based on their eligibility in the semiskilled
and unskilled category. A clause should be incorporated in the contract
document requiring contractors to give employment, if available to PAPs in
preference to other persons.
Page 71 of 174
Small business development - This will be accomplished through training in
improved income‐generating covering such topics as selecting optimal
business alternative, managerial training for businesses among others.
6.8.2 Agricultural Improvement Program
This should be established to assist farmers affected by land acquisition and
resettlement activities.
The goal should be to facilitate and incentivize access to agricultural land for farmers,
and to increase levels of production, crop yields, and market access, as well as
developing crop diversity.
The Objective, to effectively distribute agricultural assistance to compensated farmers
directly impacted by land acquisition activities in the Area.
The Process could include
• Income restoration for the land based component through agricultural
improvement will be accomplished through training in improved crop
varieties, fertilization, and post-harvest grain conservation; Provision of
fertilizers and improved seeds, Extension services and related monitoring.
• Compensated farmers are registered and receive business training
• Farmers receive cash inputs for land acquisition and clearance
• Farming inputs are distributed with extension support from Ministry of
Agriculture extension officers
• Further cash assistance is provided for weeding
• Farms are monitored regularly
6.9 Vulnerable Programme
The vulnerable PAPs will require special assistance and protection that will help them
overcome difficulties in the process of resettlement. To provide a safety net until they
become self-sufficient and resilient to economic stresses as they were pre-project or even
better, psychological preparedness of the entire resettlement process should be ensured. Also,
priority should be given to this group in all mitigation measures related to them. Avoid
transfer of stress to vulnerable groups who include the elderly (61‐80 years old) and widows
through assistance with physical preparation of farm land (clearing, leveling, creating access
routes, and soil stabilization); agricultural inputs (seeds, seedlings); etc. Ultimately, each
affected vulnerable PAP should have means of income, access to medical care, and ability to
feed himself / herself as well as monitoring of nutritional and health status to ensure
successful integration into the resettled community (where actual physical relocation takes
place).
The Program Assistance should involve the following as appropriate:
a. Create awareness on the process of land acquisition and resettlement to the
PAPs to allow psychological preparedness of the whole process.
b. Finance money management training
c. Agricultural improvement training
d. Vocational training in trades at local college and Educational scholarships for
Orphans
e. Alternative livelihoods training
6.10 Gender-Specific Actions
Page 72 of 174
The following gender specific action should be undertaken to:
Raise awareness levels of all relevant stakeholders, and engage in advocacy to ensure
that gender issues are identified and addressed.
Work with local organisations that have an interest in/insight into gender issues, such as
groups with women membership, particularly the Women’s Associations such as
Women Farmers Advancement Network (WOFAN) based in Kano. Besides ensuring
greater participation, it would provide support during implementation.
Include gender issues into all relevant scope of work and contracts in RAP
implementation.
Actively include women in the Sector WUA level.
Ensure that their participation is sought during implementation and monitoring by
including them in the WUA sector as above.
6.10.1 Gender - sensitive project monitoring and evaluation, using gender indicators
Entitlement certificates should be in the names of both (or more in the case of
polygamous households) spouses; for female household heads (FHHs) it shall be in the
names of the women.
Provide entrepreneurial training and microcredit for women in farming.
6.11 Protection of Cultural Heritage and Worship Place
The World Bank EA physical cultural resources management plan that includes (a)
measures to avoid or mitigate any adverse impacts on physical cultural resources; (b)
provisions for managing chance finds; (c)any necessary measures for strengthening
institutional capacity for the management of physical cultural resources; and (d) a
monitoring system to track the progress of these activities shall be brought to bear.
The protocols to mitigate any adverse effects include continual consultation with traditional
authorities and local communities.
6.12 Provision of Amenities for the Community
As additional support to the communities, and as part of the social responsibility of
HJRBDA/contractor, assistance could be given to the rural poor communities as may be
requested by the various communities such as the provision of potable drinking water
alongside the tube wells that will be provided.
6.13 Environmental Protection and Occupational Health Management
Prior to the commencement of this RAP, an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
(ESIA) has been prepared for the proposed project to assess the potential environmental and
social impacts of the proposed rehabilitation of the Kano River Irrigation scheme including
the dam. The ESIA established the modalities of implementing the rehabilitation works in
line with the Nigeria Environmental Policies and laws and the World Bank Safeguard
Policies listing mitigation measures as well as institutional roles and responsibilities in the
implementation of the ESMP prepared to address adverse impacts during the work.
The ESIA further developed mitigation measures for enhancing the positive impact and
mitigation measures for managing the negative impacts. In addition, it also identified some
specific plans such as the Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) considerations for the
proposed rehabilitation works; a Waste management Plan; and the general environmental
and social management conditions for construction contracts. These specific sections will
Page 73 of 174
guide the Contractors, PMU and other major project stakeholders in ameliorating the
negative impacts of the rehabilitation works.
Therefore, this section of the RAP should be read and understood as well as applied in light
of the ESIA document.
CHAPTER SEVEN
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS
7.0 Introduction
OP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement requires displaced persons to be “(i) informed about their
options and rights pertaining to resettlement; (ii) consulted on, offered choices among, and
provided technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives.”(World Bank,
2008).
Thus in order to provide timely and appropriate information, consulted on resettlement
options, and offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing, and monitoring
resettlement, the process of public involvement for the RAP preparations began very early
during the site reconnaissance. This built on the stakeholder participations established during
the preparation of the forerunner documents (ROSPIN, ESMF, RPF, feasibility studies,
detailed design and ESIA) for the project.
Public involvement as it relates to this RAP includes public consultation (or dialogue) and
public participation, which is a more interactive and intensive process of stakeholder
engagement.
This Chapter essentially describes:
the various stakeholders including PAPs consulted;
the process of promoting consultation/participation of affected populations and
stakeholders in resettlement preparation and planning;
the methodology for public involvement consultation which included focus group
discussion and interviews with all relevant stakeholders with active participation of
women groups( taking into cognizance the cultural peculiarity of the project area),
vulnerable groups and youths;
the plan for disseminating RAP information to affected populations and
stakeholders, including information about compensation for lost assets, eligibility for
compensation, resettlement assistance, and grievance redress;
Summary of consultation and major findings from consultations with PAPs and
community groups; and
Issues/concerns and questions raised during consultation and how they were
addressed.
7.1 The Need for Stakeholders Involvement
Stakeholder’s involvement adds value to overall project decision making with increased
sustainability and support building for projects. This is because it gives the stakeholders -
PAPs and the general public - the opportunity to contribute to both the design and
implementation of the project activities and also reduce the likelihood for conflicts. The
more involved the local people are in the planning and management processes, the greater
the likelihood that resource use and protection problems will be solved as well as the
prospect of development opportunities occurring in a balanced way and to the broad benefit
Page 74 of 174
of all communities in the project. As designed for this RAP, the stakeholders’ involvement
was directed at:
1. Obtaining local and traditional knowledge that may be useful for decision-making;
2. Facilitating consideration of alternatives, mitigation measures and tradeoffs;
3. Ensuring that important impacts are not overlooked and benefits maximized;
4. Reducing conflict through the early identification of contentious issues;
5. Providing an opportunity for the public to influence the decision in a positive manner;
6. Improving transparency and accountability of decision-making; and
7. Increasing ownership in the decisions made, and in turn, increase consent and even
assistance with implementation.
8. Increasing public confidence in the project that it is sustainable
9. Fully sharing information about the project, its components and its activities, with
affected people,
10. Obtaining information about the needs of the affected persons, and their reactions
towards proposed activities and ensuring transparency in all activities related to
mitigation measures and knowing beforehand from local residents especially the
PAPs the challenges anticipated with the project and how these can be overcome.
7.2 Core Values for Public Participation
For this RAP, the followings represented the core value of public participation:
Stakeholders, especially PAPs have a say in decisions about the actions that could
affect their lives.
The promise that the public’s contribution will influence the decision.
Seek out and facilitate the involvement of PAPs or those interested in the decisions.
Seek input from participants in designing how they participate.
Provide participants with the information they need to participate in a meaningful
way.
Communicate to participants how their input affected the decision.
7.3 Basic Principles for the Public Consultation
Since there is no one precise way of undertaking consultation, it became plausible to ensure
that the consultation carried out for this RAP involved a process that was issue-specific. This
means that the techniques, methods, approaches and timetables were tailored to meet the
local situation and the various types of stakeholders consulted.
The basic principle adopted included:
target those most likely to be affected by the project
Scope key issues early enough and ensure they have an effect on the project decisions
to which they relate
Relevant information disseminated in advance
Present information in a readily understandable format and techniques used culturally
appropriate
Ensure two-way communication so that both sides have the opportunity to exchange
views and information, to listen, and to have their issues addressed
Gender-inclusive through awareness that men and women often have differing views
and needs
Localized to reflect appropriate timeframes, context, and local languages
Free from manipulation or coercion
Page 75 of 174
Documented to keep track of who has been consulted and the key issues raised
Report back in a timely way to those consulted, with clarification of next steps
Consultation is ongoing as required during the life of the project
7.4 Public Consultation and Management process
Rather than be seen as a one off thing, the consultation process for this RAP was a continous
interactive process, one that begins during the planning for RAP until it is completed and
into the life of the construction and operation phases (Fig. 7.1).
The management process was structured to:
• Identify the relevant stakeholders, i.e., all those individuals, groups and
organizations potentially affected by or interested in the project.
• Map the impact zones. Many methods are available to help project sponsors
identify stakeholders. One practical technique is impact zone mapping.
Mapping can help identify the full range of project-affected groups. By
mapping environmental and social impacts, the project sponsor can begin to
assess different levels of impact for geographically distinct groups and to
prioritize stakeholders.
• Inform these people about the project and its potential impacts on their lives
and activities in a timely manner and in a way they can understand?
• Provide opportunities and time for people to voice their concerns; identify
local conditions, benefits and risks, and mitigation measures; and, where
necessary, propose alternative approaches?
• Respond to the concerns and ideas raised?
• Communicate these responses back to those individuals and organizations
consulted, and to the wider public?
Page 76 of 174
Source: IFC, 1998
Figure 7. 1: Actions Adopted For Managing Public Consultation
7.5 The Stakeholders
Stakeholders for the purpose of this project have been defined as all those people and
institutions that have an interest in the successful planning and execution of the project.
This includes those positively and negatively affected by the project referred to as the key
stakeholders.
The “Key stakeholders” include anyone whose involvement was/is considered crucial to the
project. They are people who stand to be directly affected, influential people, respected
people, spokespersons for their sectors, and people with the authority to say “yes” or “no,”
people whose local knowledge is important, people who may want to derail the process for
personal gain and all those who think they are key stakeholders.
Page 77 of 174
Thus in addition to the PAPs, other interested parties who may be able to influence the
outcome of the project, either because they can contribute knowledge or ideas to improve
project design or mitigate negative social impacts, or because they have political influence
in the project that needs to be considered (see Box 7.1). Based on the analysis, the following
categories of stakeholders were identified, namely:
a. Primary stakeholders: individuals and groups who are affected directly by the project
(people whose livelihoods need to be re-established, people whose access to natural
resources is affected; people who may suffer adverse socio-economic impacts as a result
of the project and are not covered by Bank safeguard policies.
b. Secondary stakeholders: those parties which have influence on, but are not necessarily
directly impacted by the project (Project Local communities, elected public
representatives, local and village councils, Traditional representatives, such as village
headmen, or tribal and religious leaders, Leaders (chairmen) of local cooperatives, other
community-based organizations, herders and local women’s groups. Table 7.1 is a
Summary table of the categories of people consulted within the KRIS.
The following criteria were useful in appreciating the relevant stakeholders to involve, in
which way, why, when and to what degree at any given time:
the significance of the effect of the project in the view of the stakeholder
the importance of the stakeholder group to the proposed project
the risk of getting incomplete information by excluding a group
the opportunity to access new ideas
the requirements of regulators or permit-issuing bodies (for example, to get
an operating license, a firm may be required to engage members of project
host communities).
Table7. 1: Summary of categories of stakeholders consulted within the KRIS
S/N CATEGORY
1 District Heads
2 Water User Association Executives
Box 7. 1: Some Questions that Assisted Stakeholders identification
Who will be affected by the negative environmental and social impacts of the project,
both on- and off-site?
Who will benefit from the project other than the project sponsor and investors?
Who will be responsible for implementing measures designed to avoid, mitigate, or
compensate for the project’s negative impacts?
Whose cooperation, expertise, or influence would be helpful to the success of the project?
Who are the most vulnerable, least visible, and voiceless for whom special consultation
efforts may have to be made?
Who supports or opposes the changes that the project will bring?
Whose opposition could be detrimental to the success of the project?
Page 78 of 174
3 Water User Association Farmers
4 Hadeja Jama’are River Basin Authority Management & Sector Officers
5 Village Heads
6 Head Of Sectors
7 HJRBDA Revenue Collectors
8 Block Leaders
9 Zonal Officers
10 KNARDA,
7.6 Gender Considerations in Consultation
This RAP aimed to ensure no gender disparities and enhance women’s participation in the
project. This is because experience has shown that men and women often have different
priorities, different perspectives on key issues, and may be differentially impacted by a
project– with women bearing disproportionate negative impacts. In the project area, men
and women virtually play different roles within the private and public spheres. With these
different and complex roles comes differential access to resources and finances, to contacts
and relationships, to personal skills development, and to opportunity and power.
It is important to state that women have an important role in household management and in
economically productive activities, especially by making nonwage contributions to
household subsistence.
Therefore, considering they are often likely to be excluded from participation and yet
exposed to greater risk of impoverishment, the consultation process for this RAP integrated
women’s perspectives (annex 2). They are in position to provide a more complete picture of
the potential risks, impacts, and opportunities relating to the proposed project. Indeed their
views were considered of utmost importance in the process of designing employment,
compensation, and benefits programs, as these could influence special targeting in order to
facilitate more equitable distribution.
In consultation with the women, the following were taken into consideration:
Gender disaggregation of data which enabled the understanding of gender
differences related to the project.
“Culturally appropriate” consultation which kept women in a more comfortable zone
to talk – use of a team that is gender-aware and can facilitate situations in a way that
allows both men and women to express their views (see fig 7.2).
Get more women in the room –making meetings more accessible and convenient by
choosing a time of day, date, and location convenient for women; asking networks
with predominantly female membership to encourage their members to participate;
and provision of logistic transport support to and from the meeting venue;
Culture where women’s voices are often not effectively present or heard in
traditional meetings or workshops - special steps to create a venue in which women’s
Page 79 of 174
own issues and concerns can be raised (as an additional item at an existing meeting
where women have gathered)
Raise priority issues for women to avoid domination by men and the issues that
matter most to them - included getting such issues onto the meeting agenda, raising
them in group discussions, and including them in survey questionnaires.
Figure 7. 2: Women Participation in Consultation at Bunkure and Kura
7.7 Stakeholder Engagement
The degree of stakeholders’ involvement in this RAP was based on the significance of the
impacts which was considered relatively small impacts spread out over a number of
villages/irrigation sectors. The affected persons were more consulted in order to appreciate
their concerns and views about the project. Other village leaders in these areas were
consulted in addition to other opinion leaders.
The consultation commenced from September 6th
2016 to December 8th
2016 with all the
affected villages under Kura, Bunkure and Garrum- Mallam Local Government Areas. The
Emir/ Emirate council and the Local Government Chairman /representatives in the three
affected Local Government Areas were also consulted. The meetings interacted with the
opinion leaders in the host communities of these PAPs and intimate them with the proposed
project see fig 7.3 – fig 7.9
Page 80 of 174
Figure 7. 3: Stakeholders Consultation with MD representative – Mr. Badamasi,
HJRBDA and APM, KRIS
Figure 7. 4: Consultation with Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development
Authority
Page 81 of 174
Figure 7. 5: Consultation with HJRBDA, Bunkure and Manager, Tambulawa Water
Treatment Plant
Figure 7. 6: Consultation with District Traditional Rulers
Figure 7. 7: Consultations with East Branch Canal Water Sectors Stakeholders Bunkure
Page 82 of 174
Figure 7. 8: Consultation with West Branch Water Users Association/Farmers at the
Kura Project Office
Figure 7. 9: Consultation with Farmers and Community Leaders of KRIS at the Kano
State Informatics Institute
7.8 Providing Stakeholders Opportunity to Participate
In order to obtain the views of representative of a broad range of the stakeholders including
those in disadvantaged positions, diverse approach was followed by reaching out to every
segment of the identified stakeholders announcing the project and the opportunity to
participate both verbally and in writing, electronically and in print media. In other words,
the opportunity to comment and to raise issues for evaluation was announced to the broadest
range of stakeholders.
From the onset, stakeholders were equipped with background information which were
presented in no technical language and generally made sufficiently clear. Empowering the
stakeholders through this manner of information transfer enabled them to participate
meaningfully and to the best of their ability as much as reasonably possible.
Page 83 of 174
Furthermore, general meetings were coupled with an "open-house" component where small
groups of lay people were briefed in the language that was considered ‘’lay’ to reach their
minds and hearts for meaningful contributions.
7.9 Engagement Strategies
Identifying and consulting with stakeholder representatives, especially community leaders,
served as an efficient way for the project sponsor to disseminate information to large
numbers of stakeholders, and receive information from them. However, it is essential that
these people are genuine advocates of the views of their constituents.
In order to reach the hearts of the stakeholders, appropriate engagement approach was
necessary which included focus groups discussions, individual or small group interviews,
surveys, formal referrals, key-person meetings, etc. The approach chosen reflected the
engagement objectives, stakeholder capacity, cost and time constraints, and whether
qualitative or quantitative information was required.
Methods used include the following:
− interviews with key people and groups;
− surveys, polls and questionnaires;
− Focus groups
− public meetings;
− continuous participation processes involving agents or committees in
the project zone; and
− other traditional mechanisms for consultation and decision-making.
The engagement process made special efforts to obtain the contributions of every
stakeholder through the following ways:
Small-group briefing sessions at venues convenient to them.
Checking their diaries before setting dates for major meetings and at all times,
sending them all documentation for comment, even proceedings of meetings they did
not attend or discussion documents they did not request. This would ensure that such
people cannot delay the process during the later stages by claiming that they have not
been consulted.
Taking account the low literacy levels prevalent in the rural communities by allowing
enough time for responses and feedback.
Community participation facilitated by experienced facilitators who spoke local
languages and who understand local customs and circumstances.
7.9.1 Entry into the community
In order to be accepted in the communities, it was considered necessary to, first and
foremost, consult with both traditional and democratically-elected leaders, as well as other
leaders - of women’s groups, religious groups or youth groups, Water Users Associations(
through the KRIS project office). These are the best supporters of public interest, especially
the village heads who are responsible members of their local communities and some are
incidentally part of the potentially displaced individuals/households either in part or in
whole.
With time, others in the communities were also afforded the opportunity to participate as
they wish, through private visits, media and especially radio announcements and
announcement in public places like the mosques.
Page 84 of 174
7.9.2 Private Visits and Telephone calls
From the onset, consultation started separately with the different sectors of society, small
groups or individuals prior to exposing them to a multi-party situation such as a public
meeting. This provided upfront/initial information to stakeholders on the opportunity to
participate in the RAP preparation process.
This was carried out in acknowledgement of the following:
Advance indication of sensitive or difficult issues.
Different sectors have different issues and nuances to issues; whereas they may raise
their issues broadly at a public meeting, they may not provide the details or nuances.
Not everyone is eloquent in a public situation, thus their issues may go unnoticed.
Where people are angry or mistrust the proponent or government, they may disrupt a
public meeting.
If the issues of various sectors are known beforehand, it is easier to assist the
different sectors to appreciate each other’s' views and to avoid conflict.
Key stakeholders were contacted by telephone prior to sending letters or placing the
advertisements in the media. Courtesy visits were also paid to some relevant key
stakeholders to get them informed first hand. For some who could not be reached on phone
they were visited in persons.
7.9.3 Person-to-person or small-group/focus group consultation
In recognition of the degree to which stakeholders are affected, person-to-person
consultation were also used to obtain people's opinion.
7.9.4 Letters of invitation
A letter of invitation with background information on the project and RAP were prepared,
addressed and sent to the District heads, WUA Executives and those on the HJRBA
database informing and inviting them to the public meetings (Annex 3).
7.9.5 Advertising and media announcements
The aim was to ensure that stakeholders are aware of the opportunity to be part of the
stakeholders meetings as early as possible.
Since most of the areas are rural, announcements, radio jingles, on an appropriate local
radio station (Freedom Radio in a local language (Hausa) was done.
In order to ensure thoroughness in reaching out to all relevant stakeholders, especially the
project affected persons; there were also announcement at the various mosques on prayer
days especially Fridays during the Jummat sessions. Also, Town criers were contacted to
announce the meetings at various villages. This was geared toward reducing and indeed
eliminating the chances for surprises during the process.
7.9.6 Public Events
To ensure trust, create a shared vision and promote a partnership between the project and the
public, public meetings were held across the project areas.
Due to the size of the scale of work, three public meetings were held in each of the LGA
comprising of Kura, Bunkure and Garum Mallam in order to:
Make the meetings accessible to more stakeholders in terms of travel distance-
opportunities were provided people who have no income and are unlikely to travel to
meetings for the costs involved.
Page 85 of 174
Group together people of particular areas, where issues may be specific to those areas
and not to the study area as a whole.
Make the meeting more manageable
7.9.7 Obtaining issues for Evaluation and Suggestions for Alternatives
The objective of this task was to obtain issues of concern and suggestions for greater
benefits for consideration in the RAP to develop the mitigation measures. Using a multi-
pronged approach, issues were obtained from across a broad spectrum of sectors of society,
and pro-actively sourced early in the process by a variety of methods as highlighted above.
At the beginning, efforts were made to help the stakeholders, especially the PAPs,
understand the proposed project and the process, and especially the ways proposed for their
involvement.
In addition, discussion was focused not only on potentially negative impacts that would be
avoided or reduced/mitigated but also potential positive impacts that should be enhanced
and, in particular, where there could be mutual benefits for all stakeholders were
emphasized.
7.9.8 Verification that Issues have been Captured and Considered
To ensure issues discussed at meetings were clearly captured, opportunity to verify issues
were provided as announced during the public meetings.
The proceedings for the meetings were produced immediately after the meeting and
recorded all the issues raised, to verify that all issues raised previously have been captured.
The proceedings were distributed to leaders of key stakeholders who attended the meeting,
with a request to cross-check the way in which their contributions were recorded and an
invitation to raise further issues within a week of receiving the proceedings.
All public events during a public participation process commenced with an introduction by
the facilitator to:
Welcome those present and outline the objectives of the meeting.
Indicate how the public's issues will be considered, who the decisions will be made
by, and when.
Indicate that those presents are welcome to disagree, i.e. that consensus is not being
sought but rather diversity of opinion.
7.10 Discussion with Stakeholders and Summary of Outcome Conclusion
At the meetings, the overview of the project and appreciation of RAP implementation and
other related information were presented to the stakeholders in local Hausa language.
Furthermore, the challenges emanating from the implementation of the project and the
support needed/given from all parties to ensure effective project and successful
implementation were also discussed.
At the fora, the potential PAPs and community members were provided information and
consulted on resettlement options available to them, and offered opportunities to participate
in planning, implementing, and monitoring resettlement as well as the grievance redress
mechanism. The PAPs were specifically told that they have the opportunity to air their
concerns and suggestions which will be incorporated to the extent possible in project design
and implementation. They were made aware of their rights, which include compensation for
Page 86 of 174
impacts and alternatives – even if they are willing to give up land, assets and or livelihood in
the general public interest. They also discussed their concerns and views about the
intervention work.
It was stressed that compensation will only be for those who are affected in the course of the
intervention work during the dry season and not before.
Furthermore, the stakeholders were informed of the need to make available qualified local
labour during the intervention works as may be requested by the contractor.
Stakeholders and affected persons expressed happiness and willingness to support the
project. Stakeholders were commended for their willingness to support the project. Table
7.2 provides a summary of the concerns raised by the stakeholders’ and how they were
responded to during the meetings or how the project addresses them.
Table7. 2: Queries/Observation and the response given to the Stakeholders
S/N Stakeholders Concerns Remarks
Inventory Concerns
1. If the project commences, will they
be stopped from using their
farmland for a season.
When will the construction work
start, and how long?
Will the inventory of the PAPs be
taken before the civil works
rehabilitation commencement?
During levelling, people may be
omitted when they want to share
land back or their farm size
reduced; will this also happen in
this case? All line canals should be
concrete.
What happens to our economic
trees
Yes, there will be disturbance on the
irrigation channel in the course of the
civil works rehabilitation particularly for
dry season planting in the process.
The construction will be mostly during
the dry season. Farmers might be able to
farm during the rainy season
Yes, inventory will start before
commencement of rehabilitation work.
The project does not intend to take
anybody’s farmland but inventory taken
will make redistribution of farmlands to
original owners.
Appropriate measures will be taken for
such
Relocation concerns
2. In case of relocation, will there be
space for relocation of the affected
persons?
If there is adequate space, can other
affected community/PAPs be
resettled in other community?
Do you intend to go through the
traditional ruler in order to relocate
or compensate the affected PAPs?
If I want water and the person next
to my farm doesn’t want irrigation,
what will I do not to affect the
other farmland?
There is space to relocate the affected
person where applicable, however there
is no relocation envisaged as the
rehabilitation works is within the 5m
setback.
Yes consultations will be made with all
district head of Kura, Garum Mallam and
Bunkure to sensitize them on the project
and the basis for resettlement allowance
to be paid.
canals will be assessed separately as it
will pass through/beside all farmlands
All these are part of rehabilitation
process and have been factored into the
Page 87 of 174
engineering design
Hopes and Expectation concerns
3. We hope it is not when we plant
that the officials will come that
civil works rehabilitation want to
start?
The job entails about
14,000hectares, how do you intend
to take inventory of each farmland
looking at the large expanse of
land?
Our access roads are bad and we
have difficulty in transporting our
farm produce.
Some of the roads waterways that
have been encroached, what will
happen to the farmers farming in
such areas?
No, you will be properly informed that it
will come at a time when harvesting
would have been done to minimize any
loss.
We shall start first by meeting/consulting
with each community and we understand
farmers are grouped by hydraulic
boundaries/association; hence we will
get the names and proceed to farm to
confirm and take inventory of what each
person has.
All access roads along the primary and
secondary canals have been included in
the design for rehabilitation.
This has been taken into consideration,
we have consulted with the District
Heads, WUA sector Leaders and
Farmers on this, the farmers will be
informed appropriately to harvest their
crops before rehabilitation works
commence and would receive
assistance for what is affected within and
not outside the 5m setback as the case
may be.
General Queries and Concerns
4. Some farmlands have been
inherited and some owners have
died, what plan do we have for
those affected by project and are
dead?
What happens to the inherited
farmlands being shared among 5
children?
Who will be in charge of
maintaining the canals?
We pay water Irrigation Service
Charges before but will it continue
after the rehabilitation works?
Must they farm rice after the
rehabilitation works or anything
they want to plant?
We understand some persons inherit
some farmlands, so the appropriate
person confirmed by you to own such
farmland will be carefully documented.
Everyone’s farmland will be properly
documented.
The canal will be built for your good, so
carefully maintain it, also, HJRBDA will
check on it from time to time.
Yes, but charges will be collected in
groups.
It is expected that the most viable and
profitable crop is planted.
Security Agency/Financial Institution
Security
Page 88 of 174
5. How do you intend to go about
implementing/controlling the
farmers without grievance
If assistance will be given, don’t
you think it will create security
challenges in the area?
There is a procedure which will be
outlined in the RAP report, which will
proffer ways to address Grievance, and
of course, the TRIMING project has
prepared a grievance redress mechanism
For the project.
PAPs will be rendered assistance based
on appropriate means which will pose no
challenge.
WUA men and women
6. .
Will the project carry everybody,
including those not directly
affected in terms of employment
benefits and all?
The overall project is geared towards
improving or restoring livelihoods. This
project will carry all stakeholders
involved along
Herdsmen
Concerns
7. We want to know if the designs
have plans for us and our cattle.
Are we going to pay water rate as
regards this project, and we hope it
will not be just said and not done
The designees envisaged to carry along at
different areas the cattle tracks , watering
points and signs, which will take
cognizance of the route and pathways
This project have undergone stages,
hence, the sponsors have ensure that all
will go on as appropriate with your
cooperation, again, the HJRBDA /WUA
will be in position to ascertain
appropriate Irrigation service fee.
AGREEMENTS REACHED AT THE CONSULTATIONS WITH FARMERS.
1. The farmers indicated their support to the development and rehabilitation of the project sector by
sector
2. They acknowledged working for the project in carrying out the work and plead the project to employ
them in the civil work
3. They mentioned areas to be exempted from the civil work, which the project have obliged
4. They have agreed to dismiss/shift backwards if they are found to have encroached the right of ways
7.11 RAP Implementation - Communication Strategy
7.11.1 Information Dissemination
The following implementation activities shall be undertaken:
RAP disclosure in country (website of TRIMING & HJRBDA) and World Bank
Infoshop. After clearance from the World Bank, the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)
will be publicly disclosed in Nigeria, in both English and Hausa (executive
summary) and on the World Bank Infoshop.
RAP approval and Public disclosure-cum-Launch Workshop: Upon approval of the
final draft.
A public consultation and the disclosure awareness will be conducted at a location in the
community to launch the RAP implementation. The awareness will have participation by
representatives from the affected people and other stakeholders.
Page 89 of 174
The objective of the workshop will be to:
i. create awareness on the RAP contents,
ii. disclose applicable entitlements,
iii. Provide information on compensation payable and land redistribution
process.
iv. To inform the community of the RAP disclosure locations
7.11.2 Communication Strategy
To continually reach out to the various stakeholder groups as at when due, this subsection
outlines the communication and consultation process or methods. Meanwhile, it makes
sense to understand these two concepts, consultation and communication that are frequently
confused with each other. Consultation with affected populations and other stakeholders is
basically a two-way process in which the ideas and concerns of stakeholders and the project
designer are shared and considered. Communication involves dissemination of information
from the project proponent to the concerned public. These concepts should be kept
separate.
Table7.3 describes the stakeholder engagement program and communication process by
providing contact details of certain stakeholders, as well as by addressing communication
methods and specific media that will be used to notify stakeholders of information. Any
suggestions for improvement of proposed communication methods or media are welcomed
and can be submitted via the contact information at the end of this document.
7.12 Documentation of Stakeholder Involvement and other Evidential Indication
The record of consultation and participation for this RAP are attached as an annex to this
RAP. It must be emphasized that documentation and other evidential indication for future
consultation and participation process for this RAP implementation and subsequent
monitoring are most relevant and should be kept in the project data base.
Before commencing implementation, disclosure of RAP in the Project area shall be carried
out with the objectives to:
Provide information, and bring clarity on issues raised relating to entitlements and
benefits;
Consult and create awareness amongst local community members about
rehabilitation;
Ensure that vulnerable groups understand the process, and that their needs are
specifically taken into consideration; and
Solicit help from local government officials and other bodies, and encourage their
participation in rap implementation.
The Executive summary of the RAP in Hausa will be printed and distributed to relevant
persons/groups to inform people of RAP implementation arrangements.
Existing government institutional structures shall be used to disseminate information and
communicate issues as part of the communication sstrategy.
Table7. 3: Stakeholder Engagement and Communication Process
Instrument Method Budget (₦)& USD
Frequently
Asked
Questions
The FAQs sheet will anticipate questions that are likely to be
raised by stakeholders and information that does not need regular
updating such as Project design features. They will contain
N945,000.00/
Year or $3,000
Page 90 of 174
(FAQs); photos and diagrams to visually represent Project
components/progress.
1. Information sheets will contain information about Project
milestones and be updated to provide the most recent
information.
2. These materials will be written in clear and simple English
and Hausa for a non-technical audience; and made available
where appropriate such as on the website and other strategic
locations in the project area
Website; Websites allow information to be readily available, as well as
providing the opportunity for the information to reach a wider
audience. A dedicated webpage will be established on
TRIMMING’s main website to provide information on the
Project.
This will include updates on the Project, as well as Frequently
Asked Questions (FAQs), advice for stakeholders on how to
engage with the Project and a feedback form or inquiry service
for stakeholders to provide comments on the Project
Newsletters
and Direct
Mail; and
Direct mail is an effective way of informing specific people
regarding the proposed Project and will be used throughout the
consultation process.
Create a section in
the existing
publication of the
project
Annual
Reports.
As part of the annual report of the organization, a summary of
the implementation of its environmental and social management
programme shall be included.
As part of the
normal annual report
Telephone
Number
Toll-free Telephone numbers will be included on information
associated with the Project and provided for the local community
and stakeholders.
630,000/year or
$2,000
Site Tours
Site tours are a valuable mechanism for providing a deeper
understanding of the Project. Site tours will be organized at
appropriate times throughout the Project and will include
government, traditional land owners or other key stakeholders;
however, they will generally not be made available for the
broader public.
After the commencement of the Project, key stakeholders that
could benefit from site tours are reference groups, referral
agencies and emergency service providers.
1,575,000.00/
Annum or
$5,000
Briefings/
Meetings
Briefings/meetings are methods of providing information on a
specific issue to a targeted audience such as industry or
government, and are typically followed by detailed discussions,
using a question and answer format.
Regular briefings regarding the Project will be conducted for
key stakeholders to keep them informed regarding the Project
and to receive feedback.
N945,000.00 per
annum or $3,000
Estimated dollar to naira exchange rate is 1$ equals N315
Page 91 of 174
CHAPTER EIGHT
RAP IMPLEMENTATION – INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
8.0 Introduction
The institutional framework governing the RAP implementation is provided in this chapter.
Specifically, it describes the parties responsible for delivery of each item/activity during
implementation of income restoration programs; and coordination of the activities
associated with and described in the resettlement action plan. It further identifies the
external (non-project) institution involved in the process.
8.1 Organizational Arrangement
Coordination is a critical part of resettlement design. Thus as much as practically possible,
this report has made clear the implementation process and responsibilities for the
implementation of this RAP.
8.2 Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC)
After the disclosure of this RAP report, a RIC shall be created with the participation of the
main stakeholders in the Kano River Irrigation Scheme (which are the HJRBDA, WUA,
local leaders, TRIMING). The Committee will receive the work plan for the upcoming six
(6) months from the contractor, which must be endorsed by the supervising engineer. This
committee will meet twice per year to review the work plan to determine who will be
affected by the project for payment, in addition to coordinating the overall activities of the
RAP implementation.
To commence implementation process, the committee will meet first in February to appraise
the works to be carried out during the raining season to determine the farmers that will be
affected during the works from June – October and secondly in July to appraise the works to
be carried out during the dry season to determine the farmers to be affected during the works
of November-May, noting only farmers that cannot irrigate during the dry season farming
that are affected are eligible for compensation. The essence of appraisal of works to be
carried out in rainy and dry season is to properly engage the stakeholders and farmers.
However only farmers affected in dry season’s work are eligible to be paid.
The list of the farmers with their identification number of their farm plots are attached in
annex 5 and the maps for each sector have been produced legible to facilitate implementation
as annex 6.
In addition, the RIC will also meet every 6 month to review and re-evaluate the
compensation due to each farmer in line with inflation reality in the scheme for subsequent
years.
A list of farmers to be affected by the project will be developed by the Resettlement
Implementation Committee from the RAP report. This list will be disclosed publicly at the
RBDA; with copies at the KRIS project office and appropriate villages. This list will be
circulated at the WUA level, through community radio and other means by the TRIMING
communication unit to ensure transparency of the project so that all farmers would know in 3
months in advance if the works will impact their farms or not.
After the disclosure of this list, a simple ‘PAP form’ for each farmer will be prepared and
distributed to affected farmers. This form (see annex 7) will be filled by the PAP and signed
Page 92 of 174
by the KRIS project manager, the WUA representative and the relevant traditional ruler of
each PAP. This form will be distributed from the KRIS project office with the assistance of
the RIC committee to representative of the applicable sector WUA, to be distributed to the
PAPs within the sectors earmarked for rehabilitation/conversion. The TRIMING scheme
safeguards officer with support from the HJRBDA will ensure that this form is properly
filled and also assist PAPs who cannot read or write in filling the form. The completed form
with each PAPs passport photo affixed would be presented at the point of compensation
payment, signed or thumb printed
A properly constituted structure for administration and implementation of this RAP is
imperative and agreement must be reached from the onset with the committee members. The
roles and responsibilities of the RIC are outlined in the section below.
8.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the RIC
• Carry out meeting with all PAPs.
• Provide all necessary information to the PAPs regarding guidance value and basis
for calculation of amount due.
• Negotiate and firm up the final consent price.
• Intimate the decision for payment of compensation to the PAPs
• Ensure the Implementation of the RAP without any conflict
• Ensure that the project work plan adequately reflect the recommendations of the
RAP
• Establish dialogue with the affected persons and ensure that the concerns and
suggestions are referred to the PMU for appropriate response and management
• Provide any other support where necessary during RAP implementation
All members of RIC must be people who are knowledgeable in the use of local mechanism
to settle grievances and who can ensure equity across cases and also be in position to know
and eliminate nuisance claims and satisfy legitimate claimants at low cost
8.3 Composition of the Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC)
After due interaction with the PAPs and the KRIS project office on the basis of trade and/or
leadership in the community, members that could be part of the Community Resettlement
Implementation Committee were identified with inclusion of representatives of the RAP
consultant and TRIMING safeguards team. The names and contacts are outlined in Table 8.1
Table8. 1: Suggested Names of Resettlement for Implementation Committee Members.
S/N Name of Member Representation Community/ organization Contact Phone
1 Representative of
District Heads
Relevant LGA. Kura, Bunkure and Garrum-
Mallam
To be
contacted
2 Representative of
the Local
Government
Relevant LGA Kura, Bunkure and Garrum-
Mallam
To be
contacted
3 Representative of
Kano State
Government
Representative
of Kano State
Government
Kano State To be
contacted
4 Community Representatives- List as Attached in Annex 4
Elijah Siakpere TRIMING TRIMING 09037808547
Page 93 of 174
5 Social
Safeguards
6 HJRBDA Representative HJRBDA HQ To be
contacted
7 Accountant TRIMING
Account
TRIMING 09037808544
8 Auditor TRIMING
Auditor
TRIMING 09037808543
9 Project Manager KRIS EAST KRIS 08051012009
10 Project Manager KRIS WEST KRIS 08036827972
11 Mr. Bello
(RAP Project
Officer)
KRIS EAST KRIS 08050561115
12 Mr. Samshudeen KRIS WEST 08034668446
13 TRIMING
Communication
TRIMING
Project
TRIMING 09037808540
Table8. 2: RIC members Roles and Responsibilities
No ROLES RESPONSIBLE ACTOR
a. 1 Coordination of Activities PMU, safeguards unit,
communication and KRIS
project manager
b. 2 Vetting and provision of land for PAPS where such issues
arise if rehabilitation work goes outside the 5m setback.
(There is no land take in the KRIS rehabilitation work
within the established setback.).
HJRBDA- HQ, KRIS PM,
APM services
c. 3 Provide support during PAPs identification and collation
of compensation dossier of PAPs.
PMU safeguards, RAP
consultant, KRIS project
manager and WUA rep.
d. 4 Validate and identify the right PAPs with proof of
eligibility and Consultations.
Traditional leaders, PM
KRIS, WUA
Representative,
e. 5 Coordinates, supervise the implementation of RAP in
accordance with the principles and procedures specified
in the RAP.
TRIMING safeguards
f. 6 Receive, assess and process and decide on complaints
related to compensation assistance and report to the
aggrieved parties about the decisions regarding them
WUA, KRIS PM,
TRIMING safeguards
Page 94 of 174
No ROLES RESPONSIBLE ACTOR
g. 7 Disseminate information on date, venue and process of
RAP implementation to PAPs through community radio,
town hall meetings etc.
TRIMING communication,
Safeguards, KRIS PM and
WUA
h. 8 Disbursement of compensation payment TRIMING Audit &
Account
8.4 Existing Capability and Proposed capacity building for RIC
Effective implementation, as a consequence, centers on both application of technical skills
and an appropriate level of commitment to resettlement principles and objectives.
Based on the interaction with the relevant stakeholders, assessment and determination of the
characteristics of all project affected persons (PAPs) as well as the assessment of the
capacities of the RIC, the need for additional capacity building for the involved actors were
identified which will support a long-term consultation during the RAP implementation.
It is the responsibility of Social Safeguard Specialist to ensure that all identified members of
the implementation team capacity is built prior to the implementation of this action plan and
the PMU provides the budget. This shall be held at a venue within the KRIS premises which
will be communicated to the RIC via different means of communications such as phone
calls, letter or SMS by the TRIMING communication unit.
Page 95 of 174
Table8. 3: Awareness and Capacity Building Needs for RIC and other Relevant Stakeholders
S/N Duration Subject Target Audience Resources Budget (₦)
1 120mins Introduction to Social and
Resettlement Issues
Basic Concepts in Resettlement
Issues
Main issues associated with
Involuntary Resettlement
Nigeria legal and statutory
requirements and World Bank
Safeguard policies
Awareness and capacity building
development for farmers
HJRBDA Staff,
KRIS, WUA, RIC
• PowerPoint
presentation
• Associated
handouts
600,000.00
2 2days Involuntary Resettlement and
Relevant Safeguard tools
RAP Planning Requirements
Implementation Requirements
Grievance and Conflict
Management and Resolution
Documentation and Disclosure
Requirements
Eligibility and Entitlements
Resettlement and Compensations
packages
Monitoring and Evaluation of
RAP
HJRBDA/ KRIS
Staff, RIC,WUA
Full text of
OP 4.12
for each
participant
• PowerPoint
Presentation
650,000.00
3 120Mins Public Involvement and
Consultation in RAP
RAP Overview
Community Participation and
Consultation
Monitoring and Evaluation
PMU, KRIS
office, RIC
Community
leaders/PAPs
representatives
(WUA)
• Associated
Handouts
with Hausa
version
450,000.00
Total
1,700,000.00
$5,396.83
Page 96 of 174
8.5 Budget and cost
This Section provides information on the estimated budget for the overall implementation of
this RAP and source of funds. In budgeting, the following were taken into consideration:
• Budget for resettlement is sufficient and included in the overall project budget.
• Resettlement costs, if any, to be funded by the Government and the mechanisms that
will be established to ensure coordination of disbursements with the RAP and the project
schedule.
• Estimated budget, by cost and by item, for all resettlement costs including planning and
implementation, management and administration, monitoring and evaluation, and
contingencies.
• Specific mechanisms to adjust cost estimates and compensation payments for inflation
and currency fluctuations.
• Provisions to account for physical and price contingencies.
• Financial arrangements for external monitoring and evaluation including the process for
awarding and maintenance of contracts for the entire duration of resettlement.
• Land speculation or influx of ineligible persons at the selected sites.
• Financial responsibility and authority.
• Sources of funds for resettlement and describe the flow of funds.
8.5.1 Budget and Cost Estimate
A detailed inventory of all affected assets provides the basis for estimating the compensation
and assistance costs.
The total cost implication for the implementation of the RAP is expected to cover
compensation, assets affected and additional mitigations for livelihood restoration measures,
coordination of additional mitigations, grievance management, logistics and compensation
commission. In addition, a provision of 10% of the total budget for contingencies is added to
the current budget.
Table 8. 4: Budget Estimate for the RAP Implementation
S/N ITEM COST
(NAIRA)
Total (NAIRA)
A Compensation for
A1 Land N/A
A2 Agricultural resources 425,516,337
A3 (3nos) Praying Area 45,820 x 3 137,460.00
A4 (10nos)Plank Structures 25,000 x 10 250,000.00
A5 (5nos)Palm fronds Structures 10,000 x 5 50,000.00
Sub-total 425953797.00
B ADDITIONAL MITIGATIONS
B1 Grievance management 2,000,000.00
Sub-total 2,000,000.00
C IMPLEMENTATION COSTS
C1 Compensation Commission witness 1,500,000.00
C2 Capacity building/Institutional Strengthening 1,500,000.00
C3 Disclosure 500,000.00
C4 Counseling of the Vulnerable and subsequent
monitoring of PAPs
2,000,000.00
Page 97 of 174
C5 Logistic 4,000,000.00
Sub-total 11,500,000.00
D Total 437,453,797.00
E + Contingencies 10% 43,745,379.70
F Grand total 481,199,176.70
@ N315 to 1$ equivalent ($1,527,616.43)
*Allow farmers to harvest their crops before civil works for the project to reduce the cost
*cost of economic trees is not included because economic trees were found in farm therefore
will not be affected.
*Allow time for annual/seasonal crop owners to harvest their crops cost will go down
8.5.2 Financial Responsibility and Authority
The TRIMING is the source of this fund for the payment of the necessary compensations
and mitigation measures and overall implementation of the RAP.
It is recommended that work commence on smaller sectors before the bigger sectors to guard
against losing two seasons in sectors which had been envisaged to lose only one season being
the dry season. However, it is important to note that the breakdown in table 8.4 below may
still be adjusted during implementation. The breakdown is given in the table below:
8.6 Implementation Schedule
The resettlement program will be coordinated with the timing of the civil works. The
required coordination has contractual implications, and will be considered in procurement
and bidding schedules, award of contracts, and release of cleared Sectors to project
contractors.
The timing mechanism of this RAP shall ensure that before any project activity is
implemented, PAPs will need to be compensated in accordance with this RAP and the
resettlement policy framework that had been prepared. The schedule for the implementation
of activities must be agreed to between the Resettlement Implementation Committee, the
PAPs and the supervising engineer. This includes the target dates for start and completion of
all compensations before civil works commence for the project.
Before works start, the RIC will review the proposed civil work plan for the upcoming
six (6) months endorsed by the supervising engineer to determine the farmers that will
be impacted by the works. The farmers that will be affected during the upcoming dry
season work of November –May in any sector will be compensated in
August/September. That is compensation for each sector will be concluded at least 2
months before the commencement of rehabilitation work.
Given the entitlement payment entails a large number of fairly small amounts of money every
six months, it was agreed that the payment should be made through a suspense account
opened in a commercial bank. Eligible PAPs will be paid unit by unit according to the
farmers’ hydrological boundary in batches each day at a location to be determined by the RIC
during their meeting. This location will be adequately communicated to all farmers in the
scheme to guard against overcrowding. Entitlement for deceased PAPs will be paid to the
applicable court of law for disbursement to the family of the deceased in line with Islamic
Page 98 of 174
injunction. Similarly, entitlement due to orphans shall be disbursed to the recognized
guardian or household head responsible for custody of the orphan.
The TRIMING PMU will engage the services of a local bank to make compensation
payments to all eligible PAPs. This bank will be recruited through a fair and transparent
tender process where the best quality and best value proposal will be chosen. Any
administrative or bank fees that are incurred will be borne by the TRIMING project. PAPs
will receive their full compensation payment with no deduction for charges, fees or interest.
Although the payments will be paid by the bank the process will be monitored and witnessed
by the RIC. Any complaints or concerns about the process will be referred to the TRIMING
grievance redress mechanism.
As many of the PAPs do not have bank accounts, a series of financial literacy workshops will
be organized in order to ensure that people are able to maximise their compensation
wisely. In compliance with World Bank safeguards, farmers must be compensated before
works start. Each compensated farmer’s PAP form and his/her picture shall be kept by
TRIMING project account and KRIS project office. After completion of payment to PAPs in
each sector, the commercial bank will send the list of paid PAPs to TRIMING/RIC for
reconciliation. The reconciled list of paid PAPs is then signed off by RIC/TRIMING and sent
back to the bank for record keeping.
After conclusion of compensation payment in each sector, a confirmation letter of payment
of compensation to all PAPs in that sector and a request for ‘no objection’ to commence
work in the sector will be sent to the World Bank for approval.
Knowing that some vulnerable groups such as elderly, widows, women, people living with
disabilities etc. exist in the scheme and were identified, these will be given special attention
during payment of compensation. Upon completion of payment of compensation, a
certificate of payment of each PAP will be kept by the TRIMING office and the KRIS
project office.
8.6.1 Compensation Payment Arrangement and Schedule
The payment process will be as follows:
TRIMING/RIC pre-qualifies eligible Project Affected Persons (PAPs) by sector
WUA for payment.
Commercial bank to open an internal account tagged “TRIMING Suspense Account”.
TRIMING is informed when an internal account is opened for the project.
TRIMING informs World Bank of its readiness to receive the first inflow of money
into the commercial bank via Central Bank of Nigeria.
TRIMING transfers the amount to be disbursed to the first set of PAPs to the
commercial bank.
Treasury credits the internal account opened in the branch.
TRIMING/RIC generates list of eligible PAPs and advice commercial bank with their
corresponding cash compensation. The information on the list of eligible PAPs will
include the Unit and Sector WUA to which the PAP belongs.
TRIMING/RIC advices location of qualified PAPs.
PAPs are called as per the list advised by TRIMING/RIC for collection of cash
compensation accredited by TRIMING.
Commercial bank makes payment at site to PAPs
Page 99 of 174
Payment to each batch of PAPs is scheduled to commence approximately 2 months
before the contractor moves to site for rehabilitation works in identified farm
locations (unit and sector WUAs).
Each PAP details are filled on a form designed by the RIC for this project and the said
PAP signs or thumb prints the form before collection of cash compensation. This will
be witnessed and co-signed by a third party.
The leader of each Unit WUA will confirm at the point of payment, that this is the
correct beneficiary.
At the end of each payment exercise, the commercial bank will send the list of paid
beneficiaries to TRIMING/RIC.
TRIMING/RIC will then undertake a reconciliation/review of those paid and where
there is no issues for reconciliation, then sign the relevant page of the payment
schedule and subsequent send a copy to the commercial bank for their records
TRIMING will further to completion of above, then send to the World Bank a
confirmation that all the members of Sector WUA have been paid and a request of no-
objection to start works in that Sector.
The WB will review the request and provide no objection where appropriate
Pre-qualification of Eligible PAPs by TRIMING/RIC
Registration/Opening of “TRIMING Suspense Account” with commercial banks
Communications between TRIMING & World Bank on the readiness to receive first
money inflow
Treasury Credits the internal account opened in the branch
Advice commercial banks with information of eligible PAPs, with regards to units,
sector and location for payments
Cash payment to PAPs at least two months before commencement of civil works
Beneficiary PAPs completes form with signature/thumbprint before payments,
witnessed by third party
Submit list of beneficiary to RIC to review, sign and send a copy to commercial bank
for their records.
TRIMING shall send to World Bank confirmation of payment to PAPs and no
objection for civil work at the compensated sectors
Review of request by World Bank & provision of “no –objection” where appropriate.
Page 100 of 174
Figure 8. 1: Flowchart for Compensation Payment Arrangements & Schedule
Page 101 of 174
Table 8. 5: Suggested KRIS rehabilitation work plan
YEAR COMPLETED.
SECTORS
Ha BUDGET (₦) US$ UNCOMPLETED.
SECTORS
Ha BUDGET (₦) US$
1. Cirin
Shiye
Kode
Yuri
Kuluma
Ruga
Yakasia
Karfi
Tsauni
Makworo
Kosawa
2,991.29 97,230,194.00 308,667.28 Makunturi 288.89 9388855.00 29,805.89
2. Tsanbanki
Lauteye
Turba
Ungwa Rimi
Korawa
Bunkure A
Bunkure B
Pako
Dalili
M. Gabas
Majabo
Butalawa
Gori North
Gori South
3,000.17 97509692.00 309,554.58 Dambala 205.65 6683585.00 21,217.73
Page 102 of 174
Rakauna
Maura
Azore I & II
3. Bengaza
Waire
Yantomo
Barnawa
Gayere
Samawa
Kore
3,139.34 102,030,792.00 323907.28 Unguwar Rimi B 154.74 5028645.00 15,963.95
4. Kadawa
Dorawa
Gafan
Agolas
Yadakwari
Raje
Agalawa
3,311.98 107,644,574.00 341728.81
SUB
TOTAL
12,442.78 404,415,252.00 1,283,857.94 649.28 21,101,085.00 66,987.57
Page 103 of 174
Table8. 6: Major Component Tasks and Schedule for the RAP
Activities 2017 2018 Remarks
MA AP MY AU SE OC MA AU SE OC NO DE
Disclosure of
RAP
Feb./
Mar.
2017
Inauguration
of RIC
April
2017
RIC
Compiles list
of PAPs
May,
2017
Disbursement
of
Compensation
assistance and
any other
Supplementar
y assistance.
Aug./
Sept. 2017
Follow up on
compensation
payment to
PAPs by
RIC/PMU
Sept. 2017
Rehabilitatio
n/Civil
Works for the
dry season–
Commencem
ent of project
operations.
Oct. 2017
RIC
Compiles list
of PAPs
Mar,
2018
Disbursement
of
Compensatio
n and any
other
Supplementar
y assistance.
Aug.
/Sept.,
2018
Follow up on
compensation
payment to
PAPs by
RIC/PMU
Sept.,
2018
Rehabilitatio
n/Civil
Works –
Oct, 2018
Page 104 of 174
Commencem
ent of project
operations.
Income
Restoration
Assessment
On going
Footnote: The timeline drawn above is based on summary of consultations with farmers and
from the 5th
ISM Aid Memoir. It is specifically for the rehabilitation works envisaged for the
dry season period when rain fed farming will not be available to affected farmers.
Figure8
. 2:
Flow
Chart of RAP Implementation
8.6.2 Coordination with Civil Works –Principles of RAP Implementation
The project will adhere to the following important principles in its implementation:
• No construction should be undertaken unless PAPs have received their resettlement
entitlements in accordance with this RAP.
• Information sharing and consultation with PAPs will continue throughout the planning
and implementation phases of the project, including the restoration of livelihoods.
• A completion survey of the delivery of compensation and resettlement entitlements will
be undertaken as per this RAP and other relevant instrument prepared for the project.
Page 105 of 174
• The schedule for the implementation of activities must be agreed on by the Resettlement
Implementation Committee, the supervising engineer and the PAPs such as
o target dates for start and completion of civil works, and
o dates of possession of land that PAPs are using.
8.6.3 Green Light Conditions
Specific RAP activities that need to be completed before commencement of physical works
on the project would be:
• Preparation of work plan based on the construction schedule given by civil works
contractor for the various sectors;
• Issuance of signed entitlement certificates indicating compensation amounts; and
• Payment of compensation for all affected assets including annual compensation to PAPs
for loss of crop production for the number of years considered for the entitlement.
• Sector by Sector management of the resettlement activities and civil works
8.7 Prolonged Implementation Delays
Prolonged moving delays from the time of project identification to actual implementation of
this RAP can also distort normal household patterns (for example, lack of investment, land
divestiture, or inheritance). Upgrading the census surveys is useful in identifying children
who have reached adulthood in the interim, as well as families within households who may
have lost productive opportunities because of the project, but well before displacement.
Page 106 of 174
CHAPTER NINE
GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
9.0 Introduction
In this chapter, a description of the step-by-step process for registering and addressing
grievances and provide specific details regarding a cost-free process for registering
complaints, response time, and communication modes are presented. It also describes the
mechanism for appeal and the provisions for approaching civil courts if other options fail.
9.1 The Need for Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) describes the process by which people affected
by the project can bring their grievances to the project management in a culturally
appropriate manner, for consideration and redress.
It is understood that effective organizational design and coordination substantially decrease
the probability of problems in implementation. Nevertheless, some affected persons are still
likely to believe they have been treated inadequately or unfairly. Providing an accessible
and credible means for PAPs to pursue any grievances may decrease the likelihood of overt
resistance to the project or of protracted judicial proceedings that can halt implementation.
Therefore, in the event that grievances arise, this redress mechanism has been prepared to
address such. The Grievance mechanisms designed herewith has the objective of solving
disputes at the earliest possible time, which is in the interest of all parties concerned. This
mechanism explicitly discourages referring such matters to the law courts for resolution,
which would take a considerably longer time. As much as possible, clear procedures for
filing and resolving grievances from the affected population have been designed.
During the consultations, the affected persons were helped to appreciate that there are
provisions for addressing any complaints or grievances. And the grievance procedure will
further be made available to the affected persons through project implementation.
The mechanism provides an affordable and accessible procedure for third-party settlement
of disputes arising from resettlement. This mechanism is localized as much as possible with
the active involvement of the traditional rulers, local chiefs, KRIS project office, women
leaders and representative of the WUA leadership.
9.2 Grievance Redress Process
There is no ideal model or one-size-fits-all approach to grievance resolution. However, for
simplicity, accessibility, affordability, and accountability, the following components make
for a good grievance mechanisms:
• Receiving and registering a complaint.
• Screening and assessing the complaint.
• Formulating a response.
• Selecting a resolution approach.
• Implementing the approach.
• Announcing the result.
• Tracking and evaluating the results.
• Learning from the experience and communicate back to all parties involved.
• Preparing a timely report to management on the nature and resolution of grievances.
Page 107 of 174
As much possible, a localized mechanisms that take account of the specific issues, cultural
context, local customs, and project conditions and scale have been adopted for this RAP.The
Grievance procedures highlighted in this Chapter fall into four steps as outlined in Table 9.1.
Table9. 1: Grievance Procedures Steps
Step Category Activities
1 Reception
and
registration
PAP files complaints or grievances with regard to any aspect of
the resettlement project verbally, in writing or through a
representative in English or local language.
The PAP first instance where to complaint is the “unit WUA”. If
the Unit WUA cannot resolve the complaint, then the Unit WUA
will bring it up to the Sector WUA. If the grievance can be solved
at ‘Sector WUA level”, then it stops at that level. If the grievance
is not resolved at the “Sector WUA level”, then it is escalated to
the Apex WUA level. If still unresolved, then a notification to the
“Social and Environmental officer” of the scheme should be made.
Complaint recorded by the implementing agency with the name of
the griever, address and location information, the nature of the
grievance and the resolution desired.
Grievance made acknowledged within 48 hours of receipt by an
official authorized to receive grievances
2 Resolution All grievances referred to the appropriate party for resolution
Resolution made within 15 days after receipt of grievance.
If additional information is needed, project management can
authorize additional 15 days for resolution.
Results of grievances disclosed to the griever in writing with an
explanation of the basis of the decision.
The resolution of the grievances will be handled by the “Social
and Environmental officer” with the support of the rest of “RBDA
Scheme Management team”, the Local Authorities and the Social
Safeguards of TRIMING PMU.
3 Appeals Grievers dissatisfied with the response to their grievance may file
an appeal.
In such cases, the responsible authority assembles “The PMU
(Project Coordinator” to hear cases including at least one
disinterested party from outside the agency responsible for the
resettlement project.
There will be no further redress available outside the resettlement
project. In such cases, grievances would need to be pursued
through the legal system.
4 Monitoring During project implementation and for at least 3 months following
the conclusion of the project, monthly reports will be prepared by
the scheme safeguards officer regarding the number and nature of
grievances filed and made available to project management.
As the first point of call for resolving grievances, a compliant desk to collate petitions,
complaints, etc. from aggrieved parties should be opened at the KRIS project office manned
Page 108 of 174
by the TRIMING “scheme environmental and social officer”. He refers all the issues to the
PMU safeguards team who ensures appropriate channel of resolution of such grievances are
reached with a view to resolving the issues.
The judicial system will be the last resort to redress the issues if informal conciliation does
not resolve the matter. This admittedly is a costly and time-consuming procedure.
Nevertheless, affected persons will be exempted from administrative and legal fees incurred
pursuant to this grievance redress procedure. Besides, such grievances requiring higher level
resolution will be facilitated by the scheme level safeguards officer.
9.3 Management of Reported Grievances
The procedure for managing grievances should be as follows:
a. Each person responsible at its own level (unit WUA and Sector WUA) should
disseminate their phone number for SMS complaints.
b. The TRIMING scheme level social and environmental officer will be the direct
liaison with PAPs in collaboration with the WUA representative and KRIS project
office to ensure objectivity in the grievance process.
c. Where the affected person is unable to write, the scheme level safeguards officer will
write the note on the aggrieved person’s behalf and duly thumb printed by the
complainant.
d. Any informal grievances will also be documented
9.4 Grievance Log and Response Time
The process below refers to any grievances that were not able to be solved at Unit and
Sector WUA. The process of grievance redress will start with registration of the grievance/s
to be addressed, for reference purposes and to enable progress updates of the cases. Thus a
Grievance Form will be filed with the “Environmental and Social Officer” by the person
affected by the project. The Form/Log (Table 9.2) should contain a record of the person
responsible for an individual complaint, and records dates for the date the complaint was
reported; date the Grievance Log was uploaded onto the project database; date information
on proposed corrective action sent to complainant (if appropriate), the date the complaint
was closed out and the date response was sent to complainant.
The Project scheme level “Social Safeguard Officer” in recording all grievances will ensure
that each complaint has an individual reference number, and is appropriately tracked and
recorded actions are completed. In the case of a PAP not being satisfied by the “social and
environmental officer” resolution, the PAP can appeal to the PMU (Project Coordinator)
that would be the last instance to take decision.
Table9. 2: A Typical Reporting Format for Grievance Redress
Page 109 of 174
Community
project &
Name of
Complainant
Type of Grievance Grievance Resolution
Aff
ecte
d, but
not
info
rmed
about
impac
ts a
nd o
pti
ons
Com
pen
sati
on
awar
ded
is
inad
equat
e
Com
pen
sati
on n
ot
pai
d b
efore
ass
ets
acquis
itio
n
Res
ettl
emen
t
ben
efit
s aw
arded
are
not
pro
vid
ed
oth
er
Dat
e of
com
pla
int
Dat
e re
ceiv
ed
Pen
din
g
Cas
e re
ferr
ed t
o t
he
Court
Unit WUA/Sector WUA
1. Complainant
2. Complainant
3. Complainant
TOTAL
9.5 Monitoring Complaints
The Project scheme level Social Safeguards Officer will be responsible for:
providing the PMU with a weekly report detailing the number and status of
complaints
any outstanding issues to be addressed
Monthly reports, including analysis of the type of complaints, levels of complaints,
actions to reduce complaints and initiator of such action.
Page 110 of 174
CHAPTER TEN
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
10.0 Introduction
Good institutional design makes implementation easier, but effective monitoring ensures it
stays on track. To establish the effectiveness of all the resettlement activities, this
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) procedures for the RAP has been designed. To set the
context, it is helpful to distinguish between M & E in relation to this RAP:
Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are going
according to the plan. It provides the feedback necessary for the project management
to keep the programs on schedule.
By contrast, evaluation is essentially a summing up, the end of the project assessment
of whether those activities actually achieved their intended aims.
With this, it is possible to readily identify problems and successes as early as possible. Thus
this chapter describes the internal/performance monitoring process, Defines key monitoring
indicators derived from baseline survey and provide a list of monitoring indicators that will
be used for internal monitoring. In addition, it describes institutional (including financial)
arrangements and the frequency of reporting and content for internal and external
monitoring. Furthermore, the Chapter describes process for integrating feedback from
internal and external monitoring into implementation, defines methodology for external
monitoring and key indicators for external monitoring.
The RAP further encourages the project to proactively implement gender mainstreaming at
the concept, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation stages thereby integrating
gender sensitive initiatives into all design of the project and related activities.
10.1 Purpose of Monitoring
The purpose of monitoring is to provide Project Management, and directly affected persons
with timely, concise, indicative information on whether compensation, resettlement and
other impact mitigation measures are on track to achieve sustainable restoration and
improvement in the welfare of the affected people, or that adjustments are needed. In short,
monitoring answers the question: Are Project compensation, resettlement and other impact
mitigation measures on time and having the intended effects.
Monitoring verifies that:
Actions and commitments for compensation, resettlement, land access, and
development in the RAP are implemented fully and on time
Eligible project affected people receive their full compensation on time, prior to the
start of the main project activities
RAP actions and compensation measures have helped the people who sought cash
compensation in restoring their lost incomes and in sustaining/improving pre-project
living standards
Compensation and livelihood investments are achieving sustainable restoration and
improvement in the welfare of Project-Affected Persons and communities
Complaints and grievances are followed up with appropriate corrective action and,
where necessary, appropriate corrective actions are taken; if necessary, changes in
RAP procedure are made to improve delivery of entitlements to project affected
people.
Page 111 of 174
Vulnerable persons are tracked and assisted as necessary
10.2 Monitoring Framework (Internal and External)
Effective monitoring is essential and to be most effective, monitoring needs to include both
internal monitoring, conducted by the project agency, and external monitoring, conducted by
a qualified independent agency. While internal monitoring would primarily consist of a
follow-up on the quantitative aspects of resettlement implementation and focus more on
processes and delivery of inputs, external monitoring focuses more broadly on outputs,
outcomes, and the qualitative aspects of implementation. Both internal monitoring and
external monitoring cover the agreed standard indicators in this RAP. This requirement
prevents reporting against some local guidelines or other vague standards, a practice that
sometimes reduces the validity and applicability of the findings of the monitoring program.
A good-practice checklist of issues for internal and external monitoring for this RAP shall
include the following:
10.2.1 Internal monitoring
An internal monitoring unit shall be explicitly designated within the PMU and may
include representatives from the government agencies and other agencies. Good
communication with field offices, as well as coordination with other implementation
agencies, is factored into the design. Internal monitoring is carried out in accordance
with detailed, specific terms of reference.
The staff of the internal monitoring units are familiar with the design of the
resettlement program.
Staff from the internal monitoring unit receives adequate training in the framework
and methodology of internal monitoring.
The internal monitoring unit regularly receives information and data updates from
field offices.
Resettlement data are collected under both household and impact categories and
entered into a computer to make processing easier.
The internal monitoring programme will be implemented to:
a. record and assess project inputs and the number of persons affected and
compensated, and
b. Confirm that former subsistence levels and living standards are being re-established.
Monitoring will measure progress with involuntary resettlement against scheduled actions
and milestones, using input and output indicators such as:
establishment of required institutional structures;
asset acquisition and compensation;
operation of compensation, grievance and other necessary procedures;
disbursement of compensation payments;
usage of compensation and entitlements, including reconstruction of new residential
structures (where required);
development of livelihood restoration programmes, including the re-establishment of
income levels;
consultation around resettlement issues;
general issues relating to the adequacy of the compensation and resettlement
exercise, including reported grievances; and
Page 112 of 174
Preparation and submission of monitoring and evaluation reports.
Internal monthly monitoring reports will be compiled by the Monitoring and Evaluation
Unit of HJRBDA, while formal monitoring reports will be prepared on a quarterly basis for
distribution to relevant stakeholders.
All aspects of internal M&E shall be supervised by the PMU management team and will
provide high level evaluation of internal performance and impact monitoring and other
reports. The management team will be supplemented by staff with appropriate skills to carry
out:
RAP project resettlement requirements as defined by this RAP;
Gathering and presentation of monitoring indicators to be used;
Design and implementation of basic techniques to be used for collecting information
and feedback from project affected people; and Reporting requirements and formats.
Regular progress reports will be prepared and submitted to PMU management by the social
safeguard Officer. The internal monitoring will look at inputs, processes, and outcomes of
compensation/resettlement/other impact mitigation measures.
Input monitoring will establish if staff, organization, finance, equipment, supplies and other
inputs are on schedule, in the requisite quantity and quality.
Process monitoring will:
Assess program implementation strategies and methodologies and the capacity and
capability of program management personnel to effectively implement and manage
the programs
Document lessons learned and best practices and provide recommendations to
strengthen the design and implementation of RAP
Output monitoring will establish if agreed outputs are realized on time for:
Communication with the affected communities
Agreed resettlement and compensation policy, procedures, and rates
Compensation for crops, buildings, and lost business
Construction and occupation of infrastructure and housing
Livelihood program delivery and uptake
Grievance resolution
Attention to vulnerable people
Outcome (or effectiveness) monitoring will determine the degree to which the program
objectives and performance targets have been achieved.
10.2.2 External Monitoring/Evaluation
The external monitoring agency
The external monitoring agency is identified at the appraisal stage. This should be an
independent third party.
The external monitor- for example, a university, research institute verifies, in the
field, some of the quantitative information submitted by the internal monitoring
Page 113 of 174
agency. This aspect is sometimes overlooked because of the qualitative focus of
external monitoring.
The project resettlement unit, the World Bank resettlement specialist, and the
monitoring agency discuss the proposed methodology for external monitoring. A
good practice is to describe the methodology in the RAP. An outline format for the
external monitoring reports cover all elements of resettlement implementation.
The process of reviewing external monitoring reports and factoring them into
resettlement decision making is agreed to and described in the RAP.
10.3 Annual External Audit
The main objective of Annual External Audit will be to assess, to the extent possible,
implementation of the compensation and restoration of the livelihoods of PAPs. It will focus
on:
Implementation progress;
The effectiveness of compensation and resettlement policies, and of the operation of
Project mechanisms such as grievance procedures;
Delivery of entitlements;
The adequacy of compensation, and changes in livelihoods and incomes among
PAPs;
Consultation with and participation of PAPs and other stakeholders; and
Dissemination of information as an indication of the general transparency of the
entire process.
Recommend any corrective measures that may be necessary
While the internal monitoring reports will be a source of information, External audit will be
involved with impact monitoring, and require the generation of new data to compare against
baseline conditions. It is envisaged that data generation will occur at two levels:
At the level of households, through the use of quantitative (standardised) socio-
economic survey instruments; and
At group/community level, through the use of qualitative (participatory) monitoring
and evaluation techniques.
While the Annual External Audit would be conducted annually, the final External Audit
would be conducted about 4-6 months post completion of RAP implementation. Its overall
aim will be to verify that compensation, land redistribution, market linkage activities have
been undertaken in compliance with the objectives and principles of the RAP.
Specific aims of the audit will be to:
Confirm that all physical inputs specified in the RAP have been delivered;
Confirm all outputs achieved under the programme; and
Assess whether the outcomes of the programme have had the desired beneficial
impacts.
It shall be undertaken by an independent agency, annually till the end of the RAP
implementation completion. The audit will also describe any outstanding issues that require
attention prior to the closing of the Project’s compensation programme.
Page 114 of 174
For Compliance Monitoring, the PMU will appoint a consultant to work closely with the
project-affected persons to track the progress of RAP Implementation. The consultant(s)
will be a person(s) with; deep experience in the conduct of resettlement, hands on
experience in monitoring and evaluation, no previous involvement in this project, and
proven ability to identify actions that improve implementation and mitigate negative impacts
of resettlement.
The role of such a consultant will facilitate process of Resettlement & Rehabilitation (R &
R) and thus provide support in the proper implementation of resettlement program. It should
also bring the difficulties faced by the PAPs to the notice of PMU so as to help in
formulating corrective measures. As a feedback to the PMU and others concerned, the
external consultant should submit quarterly report on progress made relating to different
aspect of R&R.
Compliance monitoring will:
Determine compliance of RAP implementation with RAP objectives and procedures
Determine compliance of RAP implementation with the laws, and applicable
regulations in Nigeria and also compliance with World Bank policies.
Determine international best practice
Determine RAP impact on standard of living, with a focus on the “no worse-off if not
better off” objective
Verify results of internal monitoring
Assess whether resettlement objectives have been met: specifically, whether
Livelihood Programs have restored the livelihoods of the project-affected persons
and their living conditions have improved
Assess the resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing
lessons for future resettlement activities and recommending corrections in the
implementation process
Ascertain whether the resettlement entitlements are appropriate to meet the
objectives, and whether the objectives are suitable to project-affected persons
conditions
Assess grievance records, to identify implementation problems and status of
grievance resolution
Ensure RAP implementation is in compliance with World Bank policy
Impact Monitoring/Concurrent evaluation will be carried out simultaneously with the
monitoring.
For concurrent Impact Evaluation the M&E consultant who should have resettlement and
social development experience shall:
Verify whether the objectives of resettlement have been realized, particularly the
changes in the living standards;
Impact assessments is to be compared with the baseline values for key
socioeconomics as given in the RAP;
To assess whether the compensation is adequate to replace the lost assets;
Based on the impact assessment, suitable remedial measures are to be proposed for
any shortcomings; and
Remedial measures if PAPs are not able to improve their living standard.
Page 115 of 174
Thus, one year after the expropriation has been completed and the assistance to the PAPs
has been made, there will be an impact evaluation to assess whether the PAPs have
improved their living conditions in relation with the baseline socioeconomic status
established during the socioeconomic studies.
Impact monitoring will cover issues such as:
Public perception of the Project - judgments on PMU, Project and RAP
implementation
Social structures - traditional authorities, community cohesion, gender equality.
Economic status of PAPs- livelihood restoration and enterprise, employment, land
holdings, non-agricultural enterprise
Employment - on the Project and in the impact area
10.4 Indicators to Monitor
Indicators will be established for the RAP implementation and grouped into the following
categories:
Input indicators – measure the resources (financial, physical and human) allocated
for the attainment of the resettlement objectives, such as livelihood restoration goals.
Output indicators – measure the services/goods and activities produced by the inputs.
Examples include compensation disbursements for acquired assets.
Outcome indicators – measure the extent to which the outputs are accessible and
used, as well as how they are used. They also measure levels of satisfaction with
services and activities produced by the inputs. Examples include the ways in which
recipients used compensation. Although not measures of livelihood restoration in
themselves, they are key determinants of well-being.
Impact indicators – measure the key dimensions of impacts to establish whether the
goals of the RAP have been achieved. Examples are restoration and diversification
of income levels and the sustainability of income-generating activities, as
dimensions of livelihood restoration and well-being.
Process indicators – measure and assess implementation processes. Examples are the
functioning of liaison/participation structures, the levels of representation of
different social categories/interest groups, and the processes by which conflicts and
disputes are resolved.
Indicators will also be disaggregated, such as in terms of age and gender, to ensure that
social variables are properly accounted for. A set of indicative Indicators are presented in
Table 10.1.
Indicators that will be monitored broadly center around delivery of compensation, resolution
of grievances, land access, increase or decrease in PAPs assets, social stability, health, level
of satisfaction of project affected people and number of project affected persons that
benefited from the livelihood restoration programs.
Specifically some monitoring Indicators for this RAP are outlined in Table 10.1
Table10. 1: Monitoring Indicators during and after resettlement
Indicator Variable
Consultation
and
Number of people reached or accessing Information, Information
requests, issues raised, etc.
Page 116 of 174
Reach out Number of local CBOs participating
Compensation and
reestablishment of PAPs
Physical Progress of compensation and assistance
Number of PAPs affected (buildings, land, trees, crops)
Number of PAPs compensated by type of loss
Amount compensated by type and owner
Number of replacement asset recovered
Compensation disbursement to the correct parties;
Socio-economic
Changes
Level of income and standard of living of the PAPs
No of income restored, improved or declined from the pre-
displacement levels;
Health and Wellbeing Physical well-being, especially women’s and children’s health status.
“Provision of health care services, particularly for pregnant women,
infants, the disabled and the elderly, where there is relocation to
prevent increase in morbidity and mortality due to malnutrition, the
psychological stress of being uprooted, and the increased risk of
disease”.
Because resettlement can be stressful for people and can have adverse
consequences on nutrition, health, and even mortality rates, baseline
surveys in Bank practice now include a section on the health status of
DPs, for monitoring the physical repercussions of resettlement. In
addition, resettlement operations usually construct infrastructure to
address problems such as child malnutrition and waterborne disease.
Training Number of PMU and RAP committee members trained
Grievance redress
mechanism
Average time taken for settlement of cases
No. of PAPs moved to court
No. of pending cases with the court
No. of cases settled by the court
Overall Management Effectiveness of compensation delivery system
Timely disbursement of compensation;
Census and asset verification/quantification procedures in place
Co-ordination between local community structures, PAPs and SPMU
As part of external monitoring, it is suggested that intermittently the representative of the
PAPs, traditional rulers and community representatives are included to strengthen the entire
process.
10.4.1 Quantitative Monitoring
The changing socio-economic status of affected households will be monitored over time,
particularly given the need to assess whether affected households are better or worse off
after the rehabilitation exercise. A number of objectively verifiable (impact-related)
indicators will be used, with information obtained through employing quantitative methods
such as surveys.
10.4.2 Qualitative Monitoring
A community-based participatory monitoring and evaluation (PME) programme will be
implemented to gauge the effectiveness of Project measures in meeting the needs of
Page 117 of 174
displaced households, involving affected people themselves in the collective examination
and assessment of implementation processes and outcomes which is to be reported basically
by the social safeguard persons of the PMU
10.5 Reporting
RAP monitoring reports will be prepared for the following tasks: Internal monitoring,
external monitoring, Completion audit & Compensation. PMU will use a device such as a
bar chart/Gantt chart or MS Project table to assess and present information on progress of
time bound actions.
Performance monitoring reports for the SPMU RAP management team will be prepared at
regular intervals (monthly), beginning with the commencement of any activities related to
resettlement, including income restoration. These reports will summarize information that is
collected and compiled in the quarterly narrative status and compensation disbursement
reports and highlight key issues that have arisen. As a result of the monitoring of inputs,
processes, outputs and outcomes of RAP activities, project management will be advised of
necessary improvements in the implementation of the RAP.
10.6 Completion Audit
The PMU shall commission an external party to undertake an evaluation of RAP’s physical
inputs to ensure and assess whether the outcome of RAP complies with the involuntary
resettlement policy of the World Bank. The completion audit shall be undertaken after RAP
inputs. The audit shall verify that all physical inputs committed in the RAP have been
delivered and all services provided. It shall evaluate whether the mitigation measures
prescribed in the RAP have the desired effect. The completion audit should bring to closure
PMU’s liability for resettlement.
Page 118 of 174
REFERENCES
Challawa Gorge Dam; Dam Safety Evaluation and Design of Upgrades; Transforming
Irrigation Management In Nigeria
Federal Ministry of Water Resources & Food and Agriculture Organization of The
United Nations (2004): Review of The Public Irrigation Sector in Nigeria (ROSPIN)
Draft Status Report - Rev 1 Prepared by ENPLAN GROUP, October, 2013.
ITUA, E.O. (2011). Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) For the Nigeria And
Watershed Management Project. Federal Ministry of Environment, Nigeria
Feasibility Study Irrigation Development, Kano River Irrigation Project and Hadejia
Valley Irrigation Project; Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria
Grievance Redress Mechanism; Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria
(Triming) Project Final Report
Hadejia Barrage; Dam Safety Evaluation and Preliminary Design of Upgrades
Transforming Irrigation Management In Nigeria
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 2013, Prepared for Transforming Irrigation
Management in Nigeria (TRIMING) Project-P123112
Resettlement Action Plan for Bakolori Irrigation Project Zamfara Nigeria;
Transforming Irrigation Management In Nigeria (Trimming) Project
Ruwan Kanya Dam Dam Safety Evaluation and Design of Upgrades; Transforming
Irrigation Management In Nigeria
Rehabilitation and Expansion of Kano River Irrigation Project and Hadejia Valley
Irrigation Project
Stakeholder Engagement: A Good Practice Handbook for Companies Doing Business
in Emerging Markets; Ifc
Tiga Dam, Dam Safety Evaluation and Design Of Upgrades; Transforming Irrigation
Management In Nigeria
Page 119 of 174
Feasibility Studies and detailed design, Kano River and Hadejia Valley Irrigation
Scheme: Royal Haskoning DHV / Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria
Page 120 of 174
LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex 1.0: Attendance Log of Participants in KRIP RAP Stake Holders Meeting (4th
September 2016)
Annex 2.0: Summary of Women in Farming Concern and Needs
Annex 3.0: Letter of Invitation to Water Users Association (WUA) and District Heads
Annex 4.0: Community Representatives of Farmers
Annex 5.0: PAPs Register
Annex6.0: KRIS Sector MAPs showing land holdings and identification number
Annex 7.0: KRIS Resettlement Action Plan – PAPs Information Form
Page 121 of 174
Annex 7.0
Identification No…….……….
KRIS RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN –PAPs Information Form
Name: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….….…..
Address (residential): ……………………………………………………………………………………….…….
Age: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….….
Gender: …………………………………………………………………………………………………….……....
Marital Status: …………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Tel. No: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Occupation: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Affected property/Assets……………………………………………………………………………………….…
Size of Affected Asset (Ha) .………………………………………………………………………………….…....
Location…………………………………………………………………………………………………..............
LGA: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Compensation sum received (in words): ………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….. (₦…………………………)
Form of Identification: ……………………………………………………… (ID N0……….………………….)
Next of Kin………………………………………………………………Phone……………………………..….
Beneficiary Chairman WUA Traditional Ruler
Project Manager Chairman RIC TRIMING Auditor
Passport