the first americans. the european’s arrive europeans and other groups did not start arriving in...
TRANSCRIPT
The First Americans
The European’s Arrive
• Europeans and other groups did not start arriving in North America until around 500 years ago.
• For thousands of years, the first Americans had the American continents to themselves.
Decoding the Past
• These early people left few written records.– Researchers study other items they left behind.– Items that have survived: few animal and human
bones, some stone and metal tools, and bits of pottery.
– Scientists try to study these items to figure out how these people lived.
Chapter Goals
• In this chapter, you will learn about these resourceful people and the creative ways they adapted to their environments.
• Resourceful: good at finding ways to solve problems
Anasazi Indians
• The Anasazi Indians adapted to their environment by building homes in the stone cliffs of the U.S. Southwest.
Section 2 - Migration Routes of the First Americans
Scientists believe that the first Americans migrated on foot from Siberia, in Asia, to present-day Alaska.
A strip of ocean called the Bering Strait separates Alaska and Asia.
Migrate: to move from one place and establish a home in a new place. A move of a large number of people is called a migration, and the people are called migrants.
Migration Routes
• The last Ice Age was when a land bridge connected Asia and North America.
• This Ice Age exposed a wide bridge of land between Asia and North America that scientists call Beringia.
The Great Migration
• Animals and Humans migrated over this land bridge.
• Migrated = to move from one place and establish a home in a new place. A move of a large number of people is called a migration, and the people are called migrants
• Over thousands of years, the animals slowly spread eastward. Generations of Siberian hunter families followed.
• Once in America, hunters followed the animals south, where spring brought fresh grasses
• As the glaciers melted and the oceans rose, the land bridge disappeared.
• The people and animals who were here, stayed and lived their lives.
Mammoths
• As the Earth warmed up, Mammoths began to die off.
• They could have died off from:– Disease– Overhunting– Changes in climate
New Ways to Survive
• So these people, now known to us as American Indians, became hunter-gatherers, catching smaller animals, fishing more, and collecting edible plants and seeds.
• Hunter-Gatherers = people who survive by hunting, fishing, or foraging in the wild.
Do Now
• Answer Questions 1 & 2 on Reading Notes Worksheet.
• We will share our answers as a class.
Reminder: Quiz Tomorrow!
• Here is what is on your quiz:– Chapter 1, Sections 1 & 2 (you have copies of
both these sections)–Materials from your notes– Vocabulary you should know:• Resourceful• Migrate / Migration• Environment
–Where the first Americans came from, where they went, and how they got there
Section 3 - The First Americans Adapt to the Environment
• American Indians lived in a variety of places, from snowy forests to dry deserts and vast grasslands.
• Groups of American Indians survived by adapting, or changing, their style of living to suit each environment, its climate, and its natural resources.
Using Natural Resources
• American Indians learned to use the natural resources in their environments for food, clothing, and shelter.
• What are some examples of ways American Indians used natural resources?
The First Americans Adapt to the Environment
• Now, finish reading Section 3 and answer questions 1, 2, 3 for Section 3 on your Reading Notes worksheet.
Homework
• Read Section #4 and complete the Reading Notes for section 4 from the Reading Notes Worksheet
Section 4 - How American Indians Viewed Their Environment
• American Indians had a strong connection to their surroundings.
• They believed that all humans, animals, plants, and even inanimate objects had their own spirit.
How American Indians Viewed Their Environment
• Nature’s Spirits– Because American Indians believed that
everything had a spirit, they had to maintain a balance with these spirits.
– For example:• Southwest farmers made corn part of every ceremony
(as a way to be thankful for the corn)• Hunters gave thanks to the animals they kills
• Europeans – believed you could own land as private property
• American Indians – did not believe you could own land as private property
• American Indians modified the land as they needed but did not hurt the land.
• They believed they were apart of the land just as the animals and plants were.
Using the Land
Not Wasteful
• American Indians were never wasteful.• If they killed an animal, they used every piece
of that animal:– Meat for food– Bones for tools– Skin for clothing / housing
Section 5 - American Indians of the Northwest Coast
The Northwest Coast cultural region extends from southern Oregon into Canada.
Section 6 - American Indians of California
Climate Landscape Food Sources
Adaptations Natural Resources
Other Important Facts
Section 7 - American Indians of the Great Basin
Climate Landscape Food Sources Adaptations Natural Resources
Other Important Facts
Section 8 - American Indians of the Plateau
Climate
Climate Landscape Food Sources Adaptations Natural Resources
Other Important Facts
Section 9 - American Indians of the Southwest
Climate Landscape Food Sources Adaptations Natural Resources
Other Important Facts
Section 10 - American Indians of the Great Plains
Climate Landscape Food Sources Adaptations Natural Resources
Other Important Facts
Section 11 - American Indians of the Eastern Woodlands
Climate Landscape Food Sources Adaptations Natural Resources
Other Important Facts
Section 12 - American Indians of the Southeast
Climate Landscape Food Sources Adaptations Natural Resources
Other Important Facts
Chapter Summary