• The First Battle of Bull Run

• McClellan and the Army of the Potomac

• Europe and the War

• The King C0tton Illusion

• The Blockade and Foreign Relations

• The Trent Affair

Chapter 13.

• The first major battle of the civil war.

• Many Congressmen and spectators came out to watch

• Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell (Union) vs. Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard (CSA)

• Both sides troop’s were inexperienced.

• McDowell planned a surprise flank attack. But its was known cause of a spy in Washington.

• A brigade of Virginians held their ground who was lead by Stonewall Jackson. (this is where he got his famous nickname)

• The CSA was able to fend off the Union and then launched a strong counterattack.

• Union forces fell back to Washington and was a victory for the Confederates

• Casualties: Union- about 500, CSA- about 400

The First Battle of Bull Run(Manassas) July 21st, 1861

The South had three advantages over the North• Great intelligence sources

• A better Cavalry.

• The ability to move troops on interior lines.

Anaconda Plan(Winfield Scott)

• Cut the South in half

• Set up a blockade around it

• George B. McClellan took over the army of the Potomac

• First objective was to train the raw troops

• He was a perfectionist which caused him to not move is army for months

• McClellan also wanted to wait till he had 200,000 trained troops.

• He was a Democrat and hated Lincoln.

• McClellan said that there were four times as many Confederate forces than there actually were so he did not have to move his army.

• People started to question his loyalty to the Union.

• He finally did move his troops after months of waiting.

McClellan and the Army of the Potomac

• The South desperately sought European help.

• They could not win enough consecutive victories to convince countries to help.

• England was a major customer of the South’s cotton.

• They were also the world’s leading industrial and naval power.

• One major deciding factor that lead to England not entering the war was that the public was against fighting for slavery.

Europe and the War

• The South’s foreign policy was based on cotton was king.

• British and French economies relied on the South’s cotton. Any interruption would destroy their economies.

• The South thought that these countries needed them more than they needed these countries.

• The South was blackmailing England to enter the war.

• England developed alternative means of cotton in India and Egypt.

• This came back to hurt the South.

The King C0tton Illusion

• European countries declared neutrality so they could trade with the South.

• Also European countries were trading war materials to the south by the means of blockade runners.

• The Union started seizing these European ships before they were able to make it to the blockade runners.

The Blockade and Foreign Relations

• The Trent was a ship that was stopped by the Union.

• Onboard were James Mason of Virginia and John Slidell of Louisiana.

• They were traveling to London and Paris to convince England and France to join the war.

• These men were arrested and taken away to Boston.

• England became very upset and dispatched more troops to Canada.

• This almost started a war but both sides saw that they could not profit by a war.

• Lincoln later ordered the release of Mason and Slidell and they continued to London and Paris.

The Trent Affair