the first clothes what were the early clothes of these civilizations:
TRANSCRIPT
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Fashion History
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The First Clothes
What were the first clothes/fabrics and where were they found?
• used natural resources • Animal skins & hair, plants, grasses, tree bark • Cave dwellers – Northern Europe – animal skins –
hair side inn • Africa, South Pacific & Asia – laced grasses
together – bark soaked and softened • Egypt – Linen cloth from flax plants grew on Nile
- Cotton
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What were the early clothes of these
civilizations:
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Egypt:
• Linen & cotton - lightweight • Men – knee length skirts tied in front – sleeved
garment • Women – straight dresses tied behind back or at
shoulder • Wide collars made of beads and semiprecious
stones
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Minoan
• First recorded fitted clothing items – women • Full skirts in bell shape over hoops of wood • Jackets short & form fitting – elbow-length sleeves • Geometric designs or prints – small hats
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Greece
Wrapping, draping & pinning rectangular pieces of fabric
• Chiton – 2 fabric rectangles joined at the shoulders – held in place with pins – folded to fall in pleats
• Himation – worn as a cloak
• Woolen first – then silk and linen – red, purple, yellow and blue
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Roman Empire
• Toga based on Greek Himation • Rectangular or semicircle – wrapped around body
– exposing right arm and covering left arm • Colors represented classes – emperor only wore
purple • Tunic worn under
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China • women – long coat & skirt – Men – long robe • Both had high narrow collar- fastened diagonally • Elaborate embroidery • Cheongsam – high collared dress - button on
right side – long slits
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Japan
• Kimono – standard dress – one piece of linen & wrapped to fit body – 2 piece – silk
• Obi – decorative sash
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Influences on Fashion
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How did trade influence fashion?
•exchanged ideas & fabrics•trade routes opened•barter – trading without money – goods – fabrics
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Politics & Power
•Kings/Queens – Royalty set the styles
•Fashion trends spread slowly•Louis XIV – France – fashion leader
•Middle class emergence – royalty and wives lead fashion – Queen Victoria – full skirted dresses
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Religion
• Statement of religious beliefs
• Reformation movement = dark colors, simple styles, lit tle decoration
• Puritans – humil ity & simplicity – plain clothing
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Technology
Uses scientific knowledge to develop something new
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Industrial Revolution
•Rapid changes that resulted from the invention of power-driven machines
•Weave fabric & sew garments a hundred times faster than by hand
•Buy clothes from catalogs & stores•Middle class businessmen wore darker colors & sturdier fabrics = working in new factories with dirty smoke
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Factories• 1790 = New England in US – Textile Mills – dark, noisy,
dirty, unpleasant & overcrowded• First women were hired to make garments at home from
fabric created – then factories developed• Sweatshops – worked in garment factories – dark,
airless, uncomfortable & unhealthy• Textile Mills in South – shipped to NE to garment
factories• Ready to Wear – Clothing made in advance for sale• Men took off quickly – Factories created a new middle
class• First women – capes and shawls – women fashions
changed quickly – more intricate sewing• Shirtwaists factories – 1890’s – easy to manufacture• Led to growth in stores – 1850’s first department store
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Cellulose
•Main components of plants – cotton, flax – forcing through fine holes (silkworm) – produced long threadlike fibers
•1910 – introduced in US•1924 – Rayon – 1st Synthetic fiber ( artificial silk)
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Flying Shuttle: • flies across a loom
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Spinning Jenny • 8 spindles so 8 yarns could be spun at the same
time
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Cotton Gin:
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Spinning Mule produces as much yarn as
200 hand spinners
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Sewing Machine
• 1845 – Elias Howe – 1889 – singer added motor (during Industrial Revolution) home sewing
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Paper Pattern
• Ebenezer Butterick – used to make shirts – 1865 – sold by mail
• 1870 James McCall –drafted patterns – manufactured
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