the first fourteen issues: fall 1983-winter 1987978-1-4419-8726-6/1.pdf · the first fourteen...

The First Fourteen Issues: Fall 1983-Winter 1987 Contents

Reprinted selections appear in boldface type.

VOL. 1 No.1 FALL 1983

ARTICLES Who Invented the First Electronic Digital Computer?

Nancy Stern 7 Does John AltanasotT deserve as much credit as Eckert and Mauchly for the invention of the ENIAC?

Why Computers Can't See (Yet) Azriel Rosenfeld 17 Computer recognition of objects in images would facilitate numerous tasks.

Digital Filmmaking Alvy Ray Smith 28 The computer technology behind Return of the Jedi, Star Trek II, Tron, and other movies.

DEPARTMENTS BOOK REVIEWS: Books for Every Professional Eric A. Weiss 47

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW: Playing Legal Games with Computer Games Michael Gemignani 53

PERSONAL COMPUTING: Standing on Broad Shoulders Larry Press 56

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES: Some Deceptively Simple Problems Richard V. Andree 61

REPORTS FROM CORRESPONDENTS REPORT FROM WASHINGTON: MCC, Small computers in Government,

Micro Bills, R&D Dollars Edith Holmes 65

406 The First Fourteen Issues: Fall 1983-Winter 1987 Contents

REPORT FROM EUROPE: The Privacy Backlash Andrew Lloyd 69

REPORT FROM ANAHEIM: The 1983 National Computer Conference Eric A. Weiss 75

VOL. 1 No.2 WINTER 1984

EDITORIAL Less than Meets the Eye 5

ARTICLES Ada "I-The Billion-Dollar Language Robert M. Graham 7

Key aspects of a language that may be in your future.

Ada, Countess of Lovelace, and Her Contribution to Computing Velma R. Huskey and Harry D. Huskey 22 The life and contributions of "the first programmer."

Computerized Tomography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Leon Axel and Gabor T.Herman 30 How computer techniques are revolutionizing radiology.

U.S. versus IBM: An Exercise in Futility? Robert P. Bigelow 42 Lessons of the longest antitrust suit in U.S. history.

DEPARTMENTS BOOK REVIEWS: The Fifth Generation and Other AI Books,

Eric A. Weiss 56

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW: Using the Boss's Computer for Fun and Profit Michael Gemignani 66

PERSONAL COMPUTING: Is There Such a Thing as a Personal Computer? Larry Press 69

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES: Some Problems from Mathematical History Richard V. Andree 72

REPORTS FROM CORRESPONDENTS

REPORT FROM WASHINGTON: VDT's, Fraud and Abuse in Government Computers, and Computer Crime Legislation Edith Holmes 74

REPORT FROM EUROPE: Europe Tries Cooperation-Again Andrew Lloyd 77

The First Fourteen Issues: Fall 1983-Winter 1987 Contents 407

VOL. 1 No.3 SPRING 1984

EDITORIAL Is It Two Minutes to Midnight or 11 :58? 6

LETTER TO THE EDITOR 7

ARTICLES Computer Crime: Science Fiction and Science Fact

Kurt J. Schmucker 8 How well has the literature anticipated life?

Abacus: The Word and the Device Heinz Zemanek 22 Some facts about the first "computer"-and its name.

Howard Aiken's Children: The Harvard Computation Laboratory and its Students Gerard Salton 28 A reminiscence by Aiken's last Ph.D. student.

Trapped in the USSR: Alexander Lerner at Seventy Jack Minker 36 The story of a famous refusenik computer scientist.

DEPARTMENTS BOOK REVIEWS Eric A. Weiss 41

In the Art of Programming, Knuth Is First

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 46 A Landmark Case on Software Copyrightability

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 49 Language Processors for Small Computers

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Joe Celko 54 Mutants of Hanoi

REPORTS FROM CORRESPONDENTS REPORT FROM NEW YORK Monroe Newborn 58

World Computer Chess Championship

REPORT FROM WASHINGTON Edith Holmes 62 Supercomputers: Taxing Users Groups; Gov't Leasing

REPORT FROM EUROPE Andrew Lloyd 64 The Centre Mondial Informatique

REPORT FROM PARIS Andrew Lloyd 68 The Last IFIP Congress

REPORT FROM JAPAN Tosiyasu Kunii 71 American Exhibitions Abroad; Software Rights


VOL. I No.4 SUMMER 1984

EDITORIAL Babel and Newspeak in 1984 4


ARTICLES The Composer and the Computer Lejaren Hiller 9

Composing serious music with algorithms.

LANGUAGES FOR FIRST COURSES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

Prologue Edwin D. Reilly, Jr. 33 Which programming language to teach first?

APL K. W. Smillie 34 A simple way to illustrate programming principles.

Basic Stephen J. Garland 39 Better than Pascal as a vehicle for instruction.

Fortran Loren P. Meissner 50 It's no sin to begin with this effective tool.

Pascal Olivier Lecarme 58 The right choice for teaching how to write programs.

PLiI Richard Conway 67 A carefully designed subset is a superior vehicle.

Epilogue Edwin D. Reilly 75 Comments, summary, and an invitation.


Which Book to Choose? A Critical Guide to the Guides

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 85 The Computer as Witness

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 88 Low-cost Systems for Teaching and Research

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Richard V. Andree 92 Abundant and Deficient Numbers; Readers' Responses

REPORTS FROM CORRESPONDENTS REPORT FROM WASHINGTON Edith Holmes 98

PC Import/Export; Federal Computer Research Funding


REPORT FROM EUROPE Andrew Lloyd 102 IBM's EARN University Network; OSI Standards and German Planning


EDITORIAL How Mature Is Computer Science? 3

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 5

ARTICLES Grace Hopper: The Youthful Teacher of Us All

Henry S. Tropp 6 A profile of the First Lady of computing.

The Emergence of Computer Life Geoff Simons 20 Are computers evolving into living organisms?

Computers in Education: The French Experience (1970-1984) Jacques Hebenstreit 26 How France made pragmatic conclusions about CAL

Petri Nets Joe Celko 40 U sing this dynamic graphic modeling tool.

Languages for First Courses in Computer Science: Rebuttals 46 Five authors' final words on the best choice.


Programming Language Summaries: Two Approaches

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 58 Who's Liable When the Computer's Wrong?

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 61 What You See Is What You Hear

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Richard V. Andree 65 3D-Block Puzzles


Chip Copyrights: DoD on Publications; Exports

REPORT FROM EUROPE Andrew Lloyd 73 The French Electronics Scene


REPORT FROM BEIJING Taylor L. Booth 76 An International Computer Conference in China

REPORT FROM JAPAN Tosiyasu Kunii 80 DBMS, UNIX, and Musical Chips


EDITORIAL Type Declarations (and Babbage's Well Known Rule)

Eric A. Weiss 5


ARTICLES Human Computers Steven B. Smith 8

How calculating prodigies perform arithmetic.

The Applicative Style of Programming David S. Wise 20 An alternative to the standard imperative kind.

Personal Computers at the Amos Tuck School Caroline Arms 33 M.B.A. students get direct computing experience.


Scientific American's Snapshot of Software

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 48 Can Louisiana Really Protect Software?

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 51 A Look at the Macintosh

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Richard V. Andree 58 The Backtrack Algorithm-And 2 Holiday Puzzles


Supercomputer Access; Programmer Shortage; Export Regulations; Computer Crime Bill

REPORT FROM EUROPE Rex Malik 68 Communism versus the Computer

REPORT FROM LONDON David Levy 72 Chess Master versus Computer

INDEX ABACUS, Volume 1 79



EDITORIAL Who Reads ABACUS? Eric A. Weiss 3


ARTICLES Automating Reasoning Larry Wos 6

AR programs can help solve problems logically.

In Quest of a Pangram Lee C. F. Sallows 22 Having serious fun with a word puzzle.

Pangrams: A Nondeterministic Approach John R. Letaw 42 A computer program to answer Sallows's challenge.


The Whole Earth Software Catalog

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 51 On Outlawing Computer Crime

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 54 Debugging Spreadsheets

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Richard V. Andree 61 Computer-Assisted Problem Solving


Software in PA; Supercomputer in MD; U.S. Chips

REPORT FROM EUROPE Rex Malik 75 Scotland's Silicon Glen: A New Order of Things?

VOL. 2 No.4 SUMMER 1985

EDITORIAL Computer Science Research: Peer Review or Pork Barrel?

Anthony Ralston 2


ARTICLES Are Computers Alive? Steven DeRose and Selmer Bringsjord 4

A rebuttal to Geoff Simons's "Life-thesis"/Response from Simons.


Chess Computers Danny Kopek 10 A critical survey of commercial products.

Programmers: The Amateur vs. the Professional Henry Ledgard 29 How many professionals are amateurs in disguise?

A Computer-Inspired Mathematical Discovery Herta T. Freitag 36 Computers as inductive tools for mathematicians.

DEPARTMENTS COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 39

The Software Protection Worm: Can It Turn against Its Master?

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 41 Tomorrow's Personal Computer Is Here Today

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Richard V. Andree 52 Exploring Aliquot Chains in Sunny Computerland

REPORTS FROM CORRESPONDENTS REPORT FROM BOSTON Eric A. Weiss 60

A Walk through the Computer Museum

REPORT FROM WASHINGTON Edith Holmes 66 Supercomputer Centers; Computer Taxes; Export Controls

REPORT FROM EUROPE Rex Malik 70 Videodiscs: the BBC's Exciting New Twist

REPORT FROM AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND Rex Malik 72 Cabinet Members Look to the Future


EDITORIAL Star Wars: What is the Professional Responsibility of Computer

Scientists? Anthony Ralston 2

Fixes and Patches: The Eleven White Pawns Problem 4

ARTICLES Microcomputing in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

Ross Alan Stapleton and Seymour Goodman 6 It lags the West in every way.

Is Pascal Too Large? Henry Ledgard 23 It can be made smaller and better.


Videotex: Everybody's Information Medium Jan Gecsei 30 Although now a loser, its future is promising.

DEPARTMENTS BOOK REVIEWS Eric A . Weiss 45

The Permanent Software Crisis: More Guides to Publications

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 54 Of Free Speech and the Legal Hazards of On-line Computing

COMPUTING AND THE CITIZEN Severo M. Ornstein and Lucy A. Suchman 57 Reliability and Responsibility

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Richard V. Andree 62 Some Foibles of Computer Arithmetic


Reagan's Tax Plan: Export Controls: Software Protection

REPORT FROM EUROPE Rex Malik 73 BisTel: The Belgian Information System

REPORT FROM THE PACIFIC Rex Malik 76 Is the Pacific Region REAL or IMAGINARY?


Due to a lack of space, Larry Press's PERSONAL COMPUTING column does not appear, but will return in our next issue.


EDITORIAL What Crisis in Computer Science? Eric A. Weiss 2


ARTICLES COMPUTING AND THE CITIZEN: The Star Wars Computer

System Greg Nelson and David Redell 8 Technological hubris promotes an inevitable failure.

Misconceptions in Human Factors Henry Ledgard 21 Software designers blatantly disregard the users.

A Quarter Century of IFIP Heinz Zemanek 28 (with reminiscences by Isaac Auerbach, page 30 The Federation celebrates its twenty-fifth birthday.


Japanese Word Processing: Interfacing with the Inscrutable Neil K. Friedman 34 Coping with the disadvantages of Oriental languages.


Two Contributions to Computer Literacy

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 52 How Much Computer Crime Is There?

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 55 Recording, Sorting, and Retrieving Brainstorms

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Richard V. Andree 61 Highly Composite Integers and an Undergraduate Exam

REPORTS FROM CORRESPONDENTS REPORT FROM CHICAGO Eric A. Weiss 65

The 1985 National Computer Conference

REPORT FROM WASHINGTON Edith Holmes 67 Supercomputer Access; South Africa Ban; Ada in Space

REPORT FROM FRANCE Jacques Hebenstreit 70 France's Information Needs: Reality or Alibi?

REPORT FROM THE PACIFIC Rex Malik 72 Progress and Problems in Tokyo, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong


EDITORIAL Fortran as a ROL(e) Model Edwin Reilly 2


ABACUS COMPETITION #1 7 Old and New Computing Aphorisms

ARTICLES Programming Teams Henry Ledgard 8

They should be the cornerstone of software excellence.

Foretelling the Future by Adaptive Modeling Ian H. Witten and John G. Cleary 16 Compressing data to an average of 2.2 bits per character.


Living with a New Mathematical Species Lynn Arthur Steen 37 The impact of computing on mathematics.

THE COMING DECADE IN COMPUTING 16 ABACUS editors forecast the future.


Computer Science and Literacy Defined

THE COMPUTER PRESS Anne A. Armstrong 52 Covering IBM: Ziff-Davis's Daily; InfoWorld's Size: Financial Floppies

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 55 The Problems of Coping without Cash

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 58 Electronic Reading from Optical Disks

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Richard V. Andree 62 Dudeney Puzzles: Mirror Arithmetic; Exam Solutions


Tax Reform; ADAPSO Software Lock; VDT Dangers

REPORT FROM EUROPE Rex Malik 74 French Information Needs; Computerizing the Boardroom

CONTEST RESULTS 80 Who has Influenced Computing the Most?

INTERRUPTS 54, 57

VOL. 3 No.4 SUMMER 1986

EDITORIAL The Joys of Old Technology Anthony Ralston 2


ARTICLES Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and the Chinese-Room

Argument William 1. Rapaport 7 A philosopher criticizes Searle's attack on AI.


Mathematical Modeling with Spreadsheets Deane E. Arganbright 18 Examples and problems in spreadsheet modeling.

High-Level String-Processing Languages: COMIT, SNOBOL4, and Icon Ralph E. Griswold and Madge T. Griswold 32 What they do and how they do it.

DEPARTMENTS BOOK REVIEWS Eric A. Weiss 4S

IBM and Its Way

THE COMPUTER PRESS Anne A. Armstrong 52 Specialization, Desktop Publishing, and Program Distribution

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 55 How Far Can Copyright Protection Go?

COMPUTING AND THE CITIZEN Seymour Melman 58 Alternatives for Work Organization in Computer-Aided Manufacturing

UPDATE Eric A. Weiss 60 Ada. Countess of Lovelace

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 61 Home Computer III: The Philips/Sony CD-I Proposal

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Richard V. Andree 66 Palindromes and Other Word Games


Federal Funding; VDT Risk Study; Congressional Scorecard

REPORT FROM EUROPE Rex Malik 74 Integrating Europe's Telecoms

ABACUS COMPETITION #2 80 Turing's Test

INTERRUPTS 31, 51, 57


EDITORIAL Don't Shoot, They Are Your Children! Eric A. Weiss 2



ARTICLES Programming Computer Games Keith S. Reid-Green to

These examples will get you started.

Spreadsheet Solutions for Mathematical Modeling Problems Deane E. Arganbright 24 Answers to four problems suggested in the Summer issue.

Alphamagic Squares Lee C. F. Sallows 28 Letter counting leads to a new form of ancient magic.

DEPARTMENTS BOOK REVIEWS Velma R. Huskey and Harry D. Huskey 46

Dorothy Stein's Revolutionary View of Ada, Countess of Lovelace

THE COMPUTER PRESS Anne A. Armstrong 54 New Periodicals; Changes; Bound-In Disks; Ads Are Best

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Michael Gemignani 57 The Evolution of Computer Law in Indiana

COMPUTING AND THE CITIZEN Gary T. Marx 60 Surveillance: A Dangerous Game Played with Matches

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 65 The ACM Conference on the History of Personal Workstations

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Joe Celko 71 Jumping Frogs and the Dutch National Flag


Congress Tackles Star Wars, Trade, South Africa, Computer Crime

REPORT FROM EUROPE Rex Malik 77 The Virgin Atlantic Affair

ABACUS COMPETITION #3 23 Software Disclaimer

RESULTS OF COMPETITION #1 9 Old and New Computing Aphorisms

INTERRUPTS 5, 59, 80




EDITORIAL The Crisis in Computer Science Revisited Anthony Ralston 3


ARTICLES Textural Analysis and Synthesis by Computer

Barron Brainerd 8 U sing concordances and other databases in literary study.

Alphamagic Squares, Part II Lee C. F. Sallows 20 The higher orders in the magic of logology.

REPORT ON THE FRENCH LANGUAGE An Informatique Vocabulary Mandated for Official Use Eric A. Weiss 30 The French government says no to foreign computing terms.

Are Some Countries More Equal than Others? Jacques Hebenstreit 34

A Hornet's Nest and Other Metaphors Rex Malik 35


Misunderstanding Computer History

THE COMPUTER PRESS Anne A. Armstrong 44 Sale of Datamation; PC Week Clones; New Publications

COMPUTING AND THE CITIZEN David Lorge Parnas 46 SDI: A Violation of Professional Responsibility

PERSONAL COMPUTING Larry Press 53 The Macintosh and Desktop Publishing

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES Joe Celko 58 Games in Two Dimensions


Tax Reform; Soaring Chip Prices; Telecommuting and VDT Safety

REPORT FROM CHINA'S DALIAN INSTITUTE Daniel L. Orne and William A. Wallace 66 Prospects for Microcomputer Information Management in China


REPORT FROM BEIJING George F. Coulouris and Jean Dollimore 71 Two Computer Scientists in Beijing

REPORT FROM SWEDEN Rex Malik 74 The Metropolitan Data Archive Affair; L.M. Ericsson

ABACUS COMPETITION #4 7 Famous Names in Computing

RESULTS OF COMPETITION #2 19 Turing's Test

INTERRUPTS 37,73

The First Fourteen Issues: Fall 1983-Winter 1987 Index

Reprinted selections appear in bold face type.

ARTICLES

Arganbright, Deane E.: Mathematical Modeling with Spreadsheets (3 Summer, 18-31)

Arganbright, Deane E.: Spreadsheet Solutions for Mathematical Modeling Problems (4 Fall, 24-27)

Arms, Caroline: Personal Computers at The Amos Tuck School (2 Winter, 33-40)

Auerbach, Isaac L.: The Origin of IFIP (3 Winter, 30-31)

Axel, Leon, and Herman, Gabor T.: Computerized Tomography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1 Winter, 30--41)

Bigelow, Robert P.: U.S. versus IBM: An Exercise in Futility? (1 Winter, 42-55)

Brainerd, Barron: Textual Analysis and Synthesis by Computer (4 Winter, 8-18)

Briilgsjord, Selmer: see DeRose, Steven

Celko, Joe: Petri Nets (2 Fall, 40-45); see PROBLEMS AND

PUZZLES

Cleary, John G.: see Witten, Ian H. Conway, Richard: Languages for

First Courses in Computer Science: PLiI (1 Summer 67-73)

Conway, Richard: see Smillie, Keith

DeRose, Steven, and Bringsjord, Selmer: Are Computers Alive? (2 Summer, 4-9, 80)

Freitag, Herta T.: A ComputerInspired Mathematical Discovery (2 Summer, 36-38, 50-51)

Friedman, Neil K.: Japanese Word Processing: Interfacing with the Inscrutable (3 Winter, 34-45)

Garland, Stephen: see Smillie, Keith

Garland, Stephen J.: Languages for First Courses in Computer Science: Basic (1 Summer, 39-49)

The First Fourteen Issues: Fall 1983-Winter 1987 Index 421

Gecsei, Jan: Videotex: Everybody's Information Medium (3 Fall, 30-44)

Goodman, Seymour: see Stapleton, Ross Alan

Graham, Robert M.: Ada-The Billion-Dollar Language (1 Winter, 7-21)

Griswold, Ralph E., and Griswold, Madge T.: High-Level StringProcessing Languages: COMIT,

SNOBOL4. and Icon (3 Summer, 32-44)

Hebenstreit, Jacques: Computers in Education: The French Experience (1970-1984) (2 Fall, 26-34); Are Some Countries More Equal than Others? (4 Winter, 34)

Herman, Gabor T.: see Axel, Leon Hiller, Lejaren: The Composer and

the Computer (1 Summer, 9-31) Huskey, Harry D., and Huskey,

Velma R.: Ada, Countess of Lovelace, and Her Contribution to Computing (1 Winter, 22-28)

Huskey, Velma R.: see Huskey, Harry D.

Kopec, Danny: Chess Computers (2 Summer, 10-28, 35)

Lecarme, Olivier: Languages for First Courses in Computer Science: Pascal (1 Summer, 58-66)

Lecarme, Olivier: see Smillie, Keith Ledgard, Henry: Programmers: The

Amateur vs. the Professional (2 Summer, 29-35); Is Pascal Too Large? (3 Fall, 23-28); Misconceptions in Human Factors (3 Winter, 21-27,45); Programming Teams (3 Spring, 8-15, 68)

Letaw, John R.: Pangrams: A Nondeterministic Approach (2 Spring, 42-47)

Malik, Rex: A Hornet's Nest and Other Metaphors (4 Winter, 35-37)

Marx, Gary T.: see COMPUTING

AND THE CITIZEN

Meissner, Loren P.: see Smillie, Keith

Meissner, Loren P.: Languages for First Courses in Computer Science: Fortran (1 Summer, 50-57)

Melman, Seymour: see COMPUTING

AND THE CITIZEN

Minker, Jack: Trapped in the USSR: Alexander Lerner at Seventy (1 Spring, 36-39)

Nelson, Greg: see COMPUTING AND

THE CITIZEN

Parnas, David Lorge: see COMPUTING AND THE CITIZEN

Rapaport, William J,: Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and the Chinese-Room Argument (3 Summer, 6-17)

Redell, David: see COMPUTING AND

THE CITIZEN

Reid-Green, Keith S.: Programming Computer Games (4 Fall, 10-23)

Reilly, Edwin D., Jr.: Languages for First Courses in Computer Science: Prologue (1 Summer, 33); Epilogue (1 Summer, 75-79)

Rosenfeld, Azriel: Why Computers Can't See (Yet) (1 Fall, 17-26)

422 The First Fourteen Issues: Fall 1983-Winter 1987 Index

Sallows, Lee C. F.: In Quest of a Pangram (2 Spring, 22-40); Alphamagic Squares (4 Fall, 28-45); Alphamagic Squares, Part II (4 Winter, 20-29, 43)

Salton, Gerard: Howard Aiken's Children: The Harvard Computation Laboratory and its Students (l Spring, 28-34)

Schmucker, Kurt J.: Computer Crime: Science Fiction and Science Fact (l Spring, 8-21)

Simons, Geoff: The Emergence of Computer Life (2 Fall, 20-25); Are Computers Alive? A Reply (2 Summer, 9)

Smillie, Keith; Garland, Stephen; Meissner, Loren P.; Lecarme, Olivier; Conway, Richard: Languages for First Courses in Computer Science: Rebuttals (2 Fall, 46--50)

Smillie, K. W.: Languages for First Courses in Computer Science: APL (l Summer, 34-38)

Smith, Alvy Ray: Digital Filmmaking (l Fall, 28-45)

Smith, Steven B.: Human Computers (2 Winter, 8-18)

Stapleton, Ross Alan, and Goodman, Seymour: Microcomputing in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (3 Fall, 6-22)

Steen, Lynn Arthur; Living with a New Mathematical Species (3 Spring, 37-45)

Stern, Nancy: Who Invented the First Electronic Digital Computer? (1 Fall, 7-15)

Suchman, Lucy A.: see COMPUTING AND THE CITIZEN

Tropp, Henry S.: Grace Hopper: The Youthful Teacher of Us All (2 Fall, 6--18)

Weiss, Eric A.: REPORT ON THE FRENCH LANGUAGE (4 Winter 30-33)

Wise, David S.: The Applicative Style of Programming (2 Winter, 20-32)

Witten, Ian R., and Cleary, John G.: Foretelling the Future by Adaptive Modeling (3 Spring, 16-36,73)

Wos, Larry: Automating Reasoning (2 Spring, 48-50)

Zemanek, Heinz: Abacus: The Word and the Device (l Spring, 22-27); A Quarter Century of IFIP (3 Winter, 28-33, 51)

BOOKS AND PERIODICALS REVIEWED (Editor: Eric A. Weiss)

ABIISeleets: The Annotated Bibliography of Computer Periodicals (3 Fall, 53)

Amato, Francis: Guide to Computer Magazines (3 Fall, 56)

Barr, Avron; Cohen, Paul R.; and Feigenbaum, Edward A.: The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence (1 Winter, 61-62)

Bierce, Ambrose: The Devi/'s Dictionary (l Fall, 51-52)

Brand, Stewart: Whole Earth Catalog (2 Spring, 48-50)

Brown, Richard R., and Winston, Patrick; Artificial Intelligence: An M.I.T. Perspective (1 Winter, 62)

Chandor, Anthony, and Graham, John: The Penguin Dictionary of Computers (l Fall, 50-51)

Cohen, Paul R.: see Barr, Avron Computer Book Review (3 Fall, 53)


Couger, J. Daniel: Computing Newsletter for Schools of Business (l Summer, 81)

Editors of Time-Life Books: Understanding Computers: Computer Basics (3 Winter, 46--49)

Feigenbaum, Edward A., and McCorduck, Pamela: The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the World (1 Winter, 56); see also Barr, A vron

Gordon, M.; Meadows, A. J.; and Singleton, A.: The Random House Dictionary of New Information Technology (l Fall, 50)

Graham, John: see Chandor, Anthony

Hildebrandt, Darlene Myers, editor: Computing Information Directory: A Comprehensive Guide to the Computing Literature (3 Fall, 51-53)

Hopper, Grace Murray: Report to the Association for Computing Machinery, First Glossary of Programming Terminology (l Fall, 47-49)

Horowitz, Ellis: Programming Languages: A Grand Tour (2 Fall, 53-54)

Kelly-Bootie, Stan: The Devi/'s DP Dictionary (l Fall, 51-52)

Knuth, Donald E.: The Art of Computer ProgrammingVolume I: Fundamental Algorithms (1 Spring, 42-44); -Volume II: Seminumerical

Algorithms (1 Spring, 44-45); -Volume III: Sorting and Searching (1 Spring, 45, 48); Surreal Numbers: How Two ExStudents Turned On to Pure Mathematics and Found Total Happiness (1 Spring, 44)

McCorduck, Pamela: see Feigenbaum, Edward A.

Meadows, A. J.: see Gordon, M.

Nilsson, Nils J.: Readings in Artificial Intelligence (1 Winter, 63); with Webber, Bonnie Lynn: Principles of Artificial Intelligence (1 Winter, 63)

Peterson, W. Wesley: Introduction to Programming Languages (2 Fall, 53)

Ralston, Anthony, and Reilly, Edwin D., Jr.: The Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering (l Fall, 52)

Reilly, Edwin D., Jr.: see Ralston, Anthony

Rich, Elaine: Artificial Intelligence (1 Winter, 63-64)

Rodgers, F. G. "Buck", with Shook, Robert L.: The IBM Way: Insights into the World's Most Successful Marketing Organization (3 Summer, 45-51)

Sammet, Jean E.: Computing Reviews (l Summer, 81-83); Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals (2 Fall, 51-52)

Scientific American (2 Winter, 42-47)


Shaw, Mary, editor: The CarnegieMellon Curriculum for Undergraduate Computer Science (3 Spring, 48-51)

Shore, John: The Sachertorte Algorithm and Other Antidotes to Computer Anxiety (3 Winter, 49-51)

Singleton, A.: see Gordon, M. SippI, Charles J., and SippI, Roger

J.: Computer Dictionary (1 Fall, 49-50)

SippI, Roger J.: see SippI, Charles J.

Spencer, Donald D.: Computer Dictionary for Everyone (1 Fall, 51)

Stein, Dorothy: Ada: A Life and a Legacy reviewed by Velma R. Huskey and Harry D. Huskey (4 Fall, 46-53, 56)

Tucker, Allen B., Jr.: Programming Languages (2 Fall, 53)

Walter, Russ: The Secret Guide to Computers (2 Fall, 54)

Webber, Bonnie Lynn: see Nilsson, Nils J.

Winston, Brian: Misunderstanding Media (4 Winter, 38-43)

Winston, Patrick H.: Artificial Intelligence (1 Winter, 62-63); see also Brown, Richard H.

THE COMPUTER PRESS (Editor: Anne A. Armstrong)

Covering IBM; Ziff-Davis's Daily; InfoWorld's Size; Financial Floppies (3 Spring, 52-54)

New Periodicals; Changes; BoundIn Disks; Ads Are Best (4 Fall, 54-56)

Sale of Datamation; PC Week Clones; New Publications (4 Winter, 44-45)

Specialization, Desktop Publishing, and Program Distribution (3 Summer, 52-54)

COMPUTERS AND THE LAW (Editor: Michael Gemignani)

Apple v. Franklin: Of What Consequence? (1 Spring, 46-48)

Can Louisiana Really Protect Software? (2 Winter, 48-50)

Computer-Game Games (1 Fall, 53-55)

Did Weg Handicap Computer Crime? (1 Winter, 66-68)

How Far Can Copyright Protection Go? (3 Summer, 55-57)

How Much Computer Crime Is There? (3 Winter, 52-54)

Of Free Speech and the Legal Hazards of On-Line Computing (1 Fall, 54-56)

On Outlawing Computer Crime (2 Spring, 51-53)

The Computer as Witness (I Summer, 85-87)

The Evolution of Computer Law in Indiana (4 Fall, 57-59)

The Software Protection Worm: Can It Turn against Its Master? (2 Summer, 39-40, 51)

The Problems of Coping without Cash (3 Spring, 55-57)


Who's Liable when the Computer's Wrong? (2 Fall, 58-60)

COMPUTING AND THE CITIZEN (Editor: Severo M. Ornstein)

Alternatives for Work Organization in Computer-Aided Manufacturing (by Seymour Melman) (3 Summer, 58-60)

Reliability and Responsibility (by Severo M. Ornstein and Lucy A. Suchman) (3 Fall, 57-61, 68)

SDI: A Violation of Professional Responsibility (by David Lorge Parnas) (4 Winter, 46-52)

Surveillance: A Dangerous Game Played with Matches (by Gary T. Marx) (4 Fall, 60--64)

The Star Wars Computer System (by Greg Nelson and David Redell) (3 Winter, 8-20)

PERSONAL COMPUTING (Editor: Larry Press)

A Look at the Macintosh (2 Winter, 51-57,78)

Debugging Spreadsheets (2 Spring, 54-60)

Electronic Reading from Optical Disks (3 Spring, 58-61, 73)

Home Computer III: The Philips/ Sony CD-I Proposal (3 Summer, 61-65)

Is There Such a Thing as a Personal Computer? (1 Winter, 69-71)

Language Processors for Personal Computing (l Spring, 49-53)

Low-cost Systems for Teaching and Research (l Summer, 88-91)

Personal Computing: Where Did It Come From? (l Fall, 56--60)

Recording, Sorting, and Retrieving Brainstorms (3 Winter, 55-60, 64)

The ACM Conference on the History of Personal Workstations (4 Fall, 65-70)

The Macintosh and Desktop Publishing (4 Winter, 53-57, 61)

Tomorrow's Personal Computer Is Here Today (2 Summer, 41-50)

What You See Is What You Hear (2 Fall, 61-64, 69)

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES (Editor: Richard V. Andree)

Abundant and Deficient Numbers (l Summer, 92-96)

Computer-Assisted Problem Solving (2 Spring, 61-71)

Dudeney's Canterbury Puzzlesand Some Exam Results (3 Spring, 62-68)

Exploring Aliquot Chains in Sunny Computerland (2 Summer, 52-59,69)


Games in Two Dimensions (by Joe Celko) (4 Winter, 58-61)

Jumping Frogs and the Dutch National Flag (by Joe Celko) (4 Fall, 71-73)

More Mathematical Problems (1 Winter, 72-73)

Mutants of Hanoi (by Joe Celko) (l Spring, 54-57)

Palindromes and Other Word Games (3 Summer, 66-69)

Ramanujan's Highly Composite Integers (3 Winter, 61-64)

Some Deceptively Simple Problems (l Fall, 61-62)

Some Foibles of Computer Arithmetic (3 Fall, 62-68)

The Backtrack Algorithm (2 Winter, 58-63)

3D-Block Puzzles (2 Fall, 65-69)

REPORTS FROM CORRESPONDENTS

Anaheim (Eric Weiss): The 1983 National Computer Conference (1 Fall, 75-78)

Australia and New Zealand (Rex Malik): Cabinet Members Look to the Future (2 Summer, 72-80)

Beijing (Taylor L. Booth): An International Computer Conference in China (2 Fall, 76-79). (George F. Coulouris and Jean Dollimore): Two Computer Scientists in Beijing (4 Winter, 71-73)

Boston (Eric A. Weiss): A Walk through the Computer Museum (2 Summer, 60-65)

Chicago (Eric A. Weiss): The 1985 National Computer Conference (3 Winter, 65-66)

CHINA'S DALIAN INSTITUTE (Daniel L. Orne and William A. Wallace): Prospects for Microcomputer Information (4 Winter, 66-70)

Europe (Andrew Lloyd): The Privacy Backlash (1 Fall, 70-72); Europe Tries Cooperation-Again (1 Winter, 77-79); IBM's EARN University Network; OSI Standards and German Planning (l Summer, 102-104); The Centre Mondial Informatique (l Spring, 64-67); The French Electronics Scene (2 Fall, 73-75)

Europe (Rex Malik): Communism versus the Computer (2 Winter, 68); Scotland's Silicon Glen: A New Order of Things? (2 Spring, 75-80); Videodisks; The BBC's Exciting New Twist (2 Summer, 70-71); BisTel: The Belgian Information System (3 Fall, 73-75, 80); French Information Needs; Computerizing the Boardroom (3 Spring, 74-80); Integrating Europe's Telecoms (3 Summer, 74-79); The Virgin Atlantic Affair (4 Fall, 77-78)


France (Jacques Hebenstreit): A Computer in Every School (3 Winter, 70--71, 80)

Japan (Tosiyasu Kunii): American Exhibitions Abroad; Software Rights (I Spring, 71); DBMS, UNIX, and Musical Chips (2 Fall, 80)

London: (David Levy): Chess Master versus Computer (2 Winter, 72)

New York (Monroe Newborn): Cray Blitz Wins World Computer Chess Championship (I Spring, 58-61)

Paris (Andrew Lloyd): The Last IFIP Congress (l Spring, 68-69)

Sweden (Rex Malik): The Metropolitan Data Archive Affair; L. M. Ericsson (4 Winter, 74-80)

The Pacific (Rex Malik): Is the Pacific Region REAL or IMAGINARY? (3 Fall, 76-78); Progress and Problems in Tokyo, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong (3 Winter, 72-79)

Washington (Edith Holmes): MCC, Small Computers in Government, Micro Bills, R&D Dollars (1 Fall, 65-69); VDT's, Fraud and Abuse in Government Computers, and Computer Crime Legislation (I

Winter, 74-76); Supercomputers; Taxing Users Groups; Government Leasing (I Spring, 62-63, 67); PC Import/Export; Federal Computer Research Funding (I Summer, 98-101); Chip Copyrights: DoD on Publications; Exports (2 Fall, 70); Supercomputer Access; Programmer Shortage; Export Regulations; Computer Crime Bill (2 Winter, 64); Software in PA; Supercomputer in MD; U.S. Chips (2 Spring, 72-74); Supercomputer Centers; Computer Taxes, Federal and State; Export Controls (2 Summer, 66-69); Reagan's Tax Plan; Export Controls; Software Protection (3 Fall, 69-72, 80); Supercomputer Access; South Africa Ban; Ada in Space (3 Winter, 67-69); Tax Reform; ADAPSO Software Lock; VDT Dangers (3 Spring, 69-72); Federal Funding; VDT Risk Study; Congressional Scorecard (3 Summer, 70--73, 80); Congress Tackles Star Wars, Trade, South Africa, Computer Crime (4 Fall, 74-76); Tax Reform; Soaring Chip Prices; Telecommuting and VDT Safety (4 Winter, 62-65)

EDITORIALS By Anthony Ralston (unless otherwise noted)

Babel and Newspeak in 1984 (1 Summer, 4)

Computer Science Research: Peer Review or Pork Barrel? (2 Summer, 2-3)


Don't Shoot, They Are Your Children! (by Eric A. Weiss) (4 . Fall, 2)

Fortran as a ROL(e) Model (by Edwin Reilly) (3 Spring, 2-3)

How Mature Is Computer Science? (2 Fall, 3-4)

Is It Two Minutes to Midnight or 1l:58? (I Spring, 6)

Less than Meets the Eye (1 Winter, 5)

Star Wars: What Is the Professional Responsibility of Computer Scientists? (3 Fall, 2-3)

Statement of Purpose (l Fall, 5)

The Crisis in Computer Science Revisited (4 Winter, 3-4)

The Joys of Old Technology (3 Summer, 2-3)

Type Declaration (and Babbage's WeliKnown Rule) (by Eric A. Weiss) (2 Winter, 5-6)

What Crisis In Computer Science? (by Eric A. Weiss) (3 Winter, 2-4)

Who Reads ABACUS? (by Eric A. Weiss) (2 Spring, 3-4)

FEATURES

Call for Limericks (2 Fall. 45) Cartoons (1 Summer. 96); (2 Spring.

80); (2 Summer. 80); (2 Fall. 3);

(3 Winter. 54); (4 Fall. 7); (4 Winter. 59)

Competition #1: Old and New Computing Aphorisms (3 Spring, 7), Results (4 Fall, 9); Competition #2: Turing's Test (3 Summer, 80). Results (4 Winter, 19); Competition #3: Software Disclaimer (4 Fall. 23); Competition #4: Famous Names in Computing (4 Winter, 7)

Contest Announcement: Who Has Influenced Computing the Most? (3 Fall. 78); Contest Results (3 Spring. 80)

Fixes and Patches: The Eleven White Pawns Problem (3 Fall. 4); More Guides to Publications (3 Fall, 51-53. 56); Wrong Initials for Pioneers (3 Summer. 65)

Indexes: ABACUS, Volume 1 (2 Winter. 79-80); Volume 2 (3 Fall, 79-80); Volume 3 (4 Fall, 79)

Interrupts: (1 Winter, 6); (1 Spring, 27,38,67); (l Summer, 6, 57); (2 Fall, 79); (2 Winter, 78); (2 Spring. 5); (2 Summer. 51. 69); 3 Winter, 86); (3 Spring, 54, 57, 68); (3 Summer, 31, 51, 57); (4 Fall. 5, 59. 80); (4 Winter, 37, 73)

Letters to the Editor (1 Spring, 7); (1 Summer, 8); (2 Fall, 5); (2 Winter, 7); (2 Spring, 5); (2 Summer, 3); (3 Winter, 5-7); (3 Spring, 4-7); (3 Summer, 4-5); (4 Fall, 4); (4 Winter, 5-7)

Limericks (2 Summer, 71)


Readership Survey (2 Fall, 35-38)

The Coming Decade in Computing (3 Spring, 46-47)

Two New Pangram Challenges (3 Winter, 66)

Update: Ada, Countess of Lovelace (3 Summer, 60)

Volume Index

C. = cartoon,f = figure, n. = footnote, p. = photo, t. = table

AAAS, 7n., 26, 31, 73n. ABACUS

articles, 17-258 competition, 398, 401, 404 departments, 259-363 editorials, 1-16 features, 398-404 first fourteen issues

contents, 405-419 index, 420-429

readers, 3-5 reports from correspondents, 365-

397 ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer),

24-26p., 27 Abundant numbers, 336 ACM, 3n., 6n., 15, 80, 243, 26In.,

286, 347, See also Communications of the ACM

Adams' method of apportionment, 175 ADAPSO, 194-195 Adaptive modeling, 86-109 Advanced Micro Systems, 396 AFIPS, xii, See also Annals of the

History of Computing Agat, 229, 232, 236, 238 Aha! (Gardner), 317 AI, See Artificial intelligence Aiken, Howard, 389, 404 Akiba, Tadatoshi, 68-72

Alabama paradox, 172 ALGOMI to ALGOM7 (Barbaud), 144 Algorithms, 283-286 Algorithms Cycle (Hiller & Hiller &

Kumra), 158-163, 165-166 Algorithms + Data Structures =

Programs (Wirth), 295, 302 Alsop, Stewart, 349 AMBASSADOR, 254, 255p. AMD 2900, 226t. Amdahl, Gene, 312 American Association for the Ad

vancement of Science, See AAAS

American Bell, 393 American Federation of Information

Processing Societies, See AFIPS

American Mathematical Monthly, 81, 337

American Micro Devices, See AMD 2900

American Music, 158 American Scientist, 355 Ames, Charles, 144, 151 Amiga, 402 AmigaWorld, 348 Anaheim, report from, 388-395 And Tomorrow . .. The World? In-

side IBM (Malik), 367n.

Andree, Richard D., xvii, 317-337 Annals of the History of Computing,

3n., 19n., 21, 25, 28-29, 31-32, 26In., 307-308

Answers to Problems and Puzzles, 135

Antitrust, 180-199 Aphorisms, Competition #1, 401, 404 APL,46 Apple, 197,245,229,232,238,254,

256, 343, 392 Applied Concepts, 2441.-246, 253 Apportionment paradoxes, 172, 173f AR, See Automated reasoning Aregon International, 381 Arganbright, Deane E., 167-179 Argonne National Laboratory, liOn.,

113,1l4 Arithmetic coding, 87, 98-100, 104-

105f, 108 Arizona, University of, 22In., 240 Armstrong, Anne A., xvii, 348-350 Army Ballistic Research Laboratory

(BRL). 21-22 Aron, Joel D., 300, 303 The Art of Computer Programming

(Knuth), 282-291, 299, 303 The Art of Problem Solving

(Klamkin),318 Art of programming, 282-291 Artificial intelligence (AI), 4, 9-10,

57,67, 132-133,263-281,317 shelf references, 272-274 textbooks, 274-276

Artificial Intelligence (Rich, A.), II Artificial Intelligence (Rich, E.), 276 Artificial Intelligence (Winston), 274 Artificial Intelligence, An MIT Per-

spective (Winston and Brown), 273-274

Association for Automated Reasoning, lIOn.

Association for Computing Machinery, See ACM

Association of Data Processing Organizations (ADAPSO), 194-195

AT&T, 196, 198,381 Atanasoff, John Vincent, 19-21, 24p.,

25-26, 28-31

Volume Index 431

Atanasoff-Berry Computer, See ABC Atari, 197 Atkin, Larry, 254 Atrees (Xenakis), 143 AURA (Automated Reasoning Assis

tant), 112, 114, 116, 132-133, 135

Austin, Larry, 143, 166 Authors' responses, 46, 71-72 Auto Response Board, 245 Autogram, 201-204, 207 Automated reasoning (AR), 1l0-137

advantages and disadvantages, 130-131

applications, 132-137 basic elements, 114-116 fruit puzzle, 122-126 history, 113-114 language, 116-120 modes, 128-130 programs, 116-130 reliability, 130-131

Automated Reasoning Assistant, See AURA

Automated Reasoning: Introduction and Applications (Wos), lIOn., 129

Automated theorem proving, 113, 114 Automated Reasoning: 33 Basic Re-

search Problems (Wos), lIOn. Automatic control, 267-268 Automatic Programmed Tools (APT), 8 Automatic reasoning, See Automated

reasoning Autoprinting calculator, 92-93f Autoprogramming,92-93 An Avalanche for Pitchman, Prima

Donna, Player Piano, Percussionist and Prerecorded Playback (Hiller), 158, 166

AVE Microsystems, 245 Ayers, Robert V., 269 Azcarraga, Arnulfo, 404

8abbage, Charles, 403 Babbitt, Milton, 138n. Banerji, R., 318 Baker, Robert, 158

432 Volume Index

Backus, John, 312 Balinsky & Young, 172 Barbaud, Pierre, 144, 166 Barlow, Klarenz, 143, 166 Barr, Avron, 272-273 Barr, Thomas, 196-197p. Barton, R.S., 404 Basic, 3-5, 79, 91, 321, 346 Baxter, William, 180, 189p., 190, 193-

194, 198, 397 Benkowski, S. J., 337 Becker, Glen, xviii Bell Telephone Laboratories, 281,

347. See also Belle BELLE, 241, 243-244t. Berner, R. W., xviii Berkeley, Edmund c., 267 Berry, Clifford, 19, 24-25 Bertram, J. E., 306 Big Blue, See IBM Bigelow, Robert P., 180-199 BINAC (Binary Automatic Compu-

ter), 23 Binary resolution, 121, 125 Binary trees, 91, 96-97f Binomial probability, 170-171f Birkhoff, Garrett, 77 bit slice, 222, 224-225 Blackwell, F., 318 Blanchard, Roger, 166 Boehm, Barry, 300 Bolter, J. David, 74, 80 Book reviews, 261-316 Books discussed, mentioned, and re

viewed, 279-280, 291, 302-303, 315-316

BORIS, 245 Bork, Robert, 196 Boyer, R. S., 114, 133, 137 Boyer and Moore's program verifica-

tion system, 114, 133 Brainerd, J. Grist, 21-22, 31 Branscomb, L. M., 306 Bricklin, Dan, 349 BRL (Army Ballistic Research Labo

ratory), 21-22 Brooks, Frederic P. Jr., 296, Brown, Richard H., 273-274

Brun, Herbert, 166 Bulgaria, 221, 227, 236

microprocessors IMKO-2, 334t. SM-601,228t.

Burks, Alice, 21, 31-32 Burks, Arthur, 21, 25-26, 31-33 Burroughs, 34, 184, 397 Bus Journey to Parametron (Barlow), 143 Bush, Vannevar, 26 Business Software, 348 Business Week, 350 Buxton, William, 165 Byte, 3,4, 294, 343, 348, 350

C,5 Cage, John, 145, 158, 166 Calculators, 80-82, 92-93 California Institute of Technology

(Cal Tech), 22In., 286 Campbell-Kelly, Martin, xviii Canadian Coastlines (Austin), 143,16t> Canadian Computer Chess Invitation-

al Championship 1984, 254 Canceling, 120-121 Canterbury, University of, 86n. Cary, Frank T., 186p., 192 Carnegie-Mellon University, 80, 271,

276, 35In., 395 Cartoons, 342, 383 CASABLANCA, 245-246 Category theory, 74, 76 CEMA, See Council for Economic

Mutual Assistance Centre d'Etudes des Systems d'Infor

mation des Administrations (CESIA), 367-368

CERVO-2000, 258 CESIA, 367-368 Chafitz Inc., 245 Chambaud, Serge, 370 Chambers, Carl, 21 Chance-dependent composition, 146-

147 Change ringing, 162t. Chapin, Ned, xviii Chase, Susan, 11

Checkerboard puzzle, lIlf., 110-11 If. , 134f.

answer, 135 Chedaker, Joseph, 31 Cherlin, George Y., 46-47f. CHESS CHALLENGER, 244t.-245 CHESS CHAMPION MARK V, 254-

255p. Chess computers, 241-258

photographs, 255 software, 253-258

Chess game, FIDELITY X vs. NOV AG X, 248-250

Chess Life Computer Buying Guide, 253

Chess ratings, 244t. CHESS 7.0, 254 Chess Skill in Man and Machine

(Frey), 269 CHESSWRIGHT,254 Chief programmer teams, 37 Childers, Peter, 11 Chinese characters (ideographs), 48-

50,59-61,69, 72 Chinese word processing, 59-61 Choice process, key and harmony,

145f. Chu, Chuan, 31 Circuit design problem, 110-113f.,

114, 133, 134f., 135 answer, 135

Circuit validation, 133, 135 Citizen and Computing, 351-363 Civiletti, Benjamin, 192 Clark, Ramsay, 180, 191 Classics in Software Engineering

(Yourdon), 295-296, 300, 302 Classroom computers, 80-82 Clauses, 123-126, 129 Clayton, H. Helm, 28, 32 Cleary, John G., 86-109 CNIL (Commission Nationale de l'In

formatique et des Libertes), 386

Cobol, 5, 402-403 Coding a message, 94-95 The Cognitive Computer (Schenk), 11 Cohen, Paul R., 272-273

Volume Index 433

Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertes (CNIL), 386

Committee on the Undergraduate Program in Mathematics (CUPM), 76

Commodore, 197,235,254 Communication Trends, 349 Communicating with Microcomputers

(Witten), 86n. Communications of the ACM, 3-4,

12, 14, 35n., 294, 343, 345 Compaq, 254 Competition #1,398,401,404 Compilers, 284, 286 Compound interest, 169-170f. Composing music with computers,

138-166 Compositions (Hiller), 156-166 Compression, See data compression COMPUCHESS, 245 COM PUT ACHESS II, 253 Computer, 4, 294, 404 Computer-aided reasoning, 110-137 Computer-assisted composition, 138-

166 Computer-assisted problem solving.

See Problem solving Computer to audio tape, 152f. Computer and Business Equipment

Manufacturers Association (CBEMA), 396

Computer Cantata (Hiller and Baker), 158

Computer chess, 241-258 Computer Chess Digest, 248, 252,

256-257 Computer Crazy (Le Noury), 342c.,

383c. Computer Currents, 349 Computer error, liability for, 338-342 Computer Graphics World, 348 Computer Law (Gemignani), 338n. Computer literacy, 78-79, 346

in Eastern Europe, 224, 239 Computer Museum, 26p., 27p., 30p. Computer Music for Percussion and

Tape (Hiller), 158, 165

434 Volume Index

Computer Music Association, 139 Computer Music Journal, 139 The Computer from Pascal to von

Neumann (Goldstein), 20 Computer Power and Human Reason

(Weizenbaum), 270 Computer press, 259, 348-350 Computer science, 10, 13, 73, 79-80

curricula, 79-80 Computer Update, 349 Computer World, 4, 193, 348, 350 Computers and Common Sense

(Taube), 270 Computers and the Law, 338-342 Computers and Typesetting, Volume

1: T EX (Knuth), 287 Computing aphorisms, 401, 404 Computing and the Citizen, 351-363 Computing science, See Computer

science Conchess, 246, 254 Condon, Joe, 241 Consolidated Edison, 340-341 CONSTELLATION, 244t., 251, 253,

256-257 Conti, C. J., 306 Control Data Corporation, 182, 184,

188,396 Controlling reasoning, 127-128 Conway, John Horton, 288 Correspondents, reports from, 365-

397 Council for Economic Mutual Assis

tance (CEMA), 221-224, 226-230, 233-240

Cox, Brad, 294 CRA Y BLITZ, 243-244t. Cray Research, 243 Cray, 64, 403 Creative Computing, 4 Crisis, software, 292-303 Crystals (Ames), 144 The Culture of Technology (Pacey), 5 Cummings, James, 31 CUPM (Committee on the Undergrad

uate Program in Mathematics), 76-77

CW Communications, 350

Cuba, 221 Cyber 730, 149, 151 Cygnet Technology, 345-346 Czechoslovakia, 221, 224, 226-229,

236-237 microprocessors

MH series, 228t., 230t. SM series, 234t.

Dahlin, Caryl Ann, xvii Data compression, 87-88, 94-95, 101,

103-109 Data General, 197 Data protection in Europe, 384-387 Data Protection Authority (DPA),

384-387 Data structures, 283, 287-288 Datainspektionen, 387 Datamation, 4, 226, 384, 389 Davis, Gordon B., xviii Davis, John, 31 Dean's method of apportionment, 175 DEC, See Digital Equipment Corpo-

ration Deficient integers, 336 DELUXE SUPER-9, 244t., 253 Department of Defense (DoD), 10,

277-278, 352, 361-362, 402-403 Department of Information Process

ing,402 Department of Justice, 180-199,397,

402 Des Jardins, P., 404 Detroit Free Press, 395 Deutsch, L. Peter, 404 Dewire, John, 28-29 Digital Equipment Corporation

(DEC), 197,223,349,396 Digital Research, 16 Dijkstra, Edsger W., 281, 295, 297-

298, 300-302, 355, 404 DIP, See Dual In-Line Package Direction des Bibliotheque des Mu

sees et de L'information Scien-tifique et Technique, 370

A Discipline of Programming (Dijkstra), 297, 302

Discography (Hiller), 166 DoD, See Department of Defense Dominoe placement puzzle, See

Checkerboard puzzle Dorset, Windhorst, Whitney and

Halladay, 20 DPA (Data Protection Authority),

384-387 Dreyfus, Hubert, 270 DUCHESS, 254 Dual in-line package (DIP), 222, 226 Dvorak, John, 349

East Asia: The Great Tradition (Reischauer and Fairbank), 50

East Germany (GDR), 221, 224, 226-228, 232-233, 235-236

microprocessors HC-900, 234t. K-15XX, 230t., 234t. K-1600,234t. U -8XX family, 228t., 230t. Z-900 1, 234t.

Eastern Europe, 221-240 Eastport Group, 358-360 East/West computer gap, 221-240 ECL (emitter-coupled logic), 226 Eckert, J. Presper, 19-23,30-34 Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corpora-

tion, 23, 34 Edelstein, David N., 180, 183-185p.,

186, 188-189, 191-198 Edwards, James D., 312 Egoless programming, 37f Electronic digital computer, 19-21, 26 Electronic music, 139 Electronic News, 348 Electronic Numerical Integrator and

Computer (ENIAC), 19-34 Electronika, 229, 231-232, 234t. ELEGANCE, 244t., 248, 254-255t. The Elements of Programming Style

(Kernighan and Plauger), 13, 303

ELITE, 244t., 246-247,251-252,254-255p.

Emitter-coupled logic (ECL), 226

Volume Index 435

Encyclopedia of Chess Openings, 246 Encyclopedia of Computer Science

and Engineering (Ralston), 22, 24, 193, 261n.

En Passant, 248 Engineering Research Associates, 34 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Inte-

grator and Computer), 19-34, 402

patent (#3, 120, 606), 20, 30p. Entropy, 87, 98-99, 101-102f Erdos, P., 337 ES (Yedinaya Sistema), 223 ESOMAR (European Society for

Opinion and Marketing Research), 367

Ethics, 14, 16, See also IBM Europe, reports from, 367-374, 384-

387 European Society for Opinion and

Marketing Research (ESOMAR),367

Evolution of Japanese language, 66-72

EXCELLENCE, 254-255p. Experimental Music (Isaacson and

Hiller), 158 Expert systems, 10, 72, 83, 264, 346 Expert witness, 181, 195-196 EXPLORER, 253 Expo '85 for Multiple Synthesizers

(Hiller), 165 Extraordinal numbers, 288

Fabius, Laurent, 368 Fairbank, John K., 50 Family Computing, 348 Fano, Robert, 72 Features from Abacus, 398-404 Fedida, Sam, 381 Feigenbaum, Edward A., 263, 265,

271-273, 280 Felix, 236 Fey, Jim, 81 Feynman, Richard, 15 FIDE (Federation International des

Echecs), 243

436 Volume Index

Fidelity Electronics International, 244t., 245-255

Fifth Generation Computer project, 266-267,391

US reaction, 266-267 US response, 276-279

Fifth generation reasoning, 375-383 The Fifth Generation (Feigenbaum

and McCorduck), 263-266, 280 Fifth Generation Computer Systems

(Moto-oka, editor), 264 FILL, 155, 157f. Findings of Fact, Conclusions of

Law, and Order for Judgement (Larson), 20

Finerman, Aaron, xvii Fireside Chat (Mauchly), 31-32 First course in computer science, 13 First computer

electronic digital, 19-20 special purpose electronic, 25

Fisher, Bobby, 244 Five year plans, 225, 230t. Ford Motor Credit Company, 339-340 Forecast of coming decade, 402-403 Foretelling the future, 86-109, 402-

403 Forsythe, George E., 401, 404 Fortran, 12-13, 149, 177,281,402-403 Fortune, 350 Foss, Lukas, 138n Foy, Nancy, 308-309 Frankel, Andrea, 262 Free flow composing, 153-154 Freese, Jan, 387 Fregly, Alfred R., 404 Frequency-based prediction scheme,

93 France, 14, 79, 367-374, 384-386 French videotex, 367-374 Frenkel, Karen A., 294 Freeman, Herbert, 34 Frey, Peter W., 269 Friedman, Neil K., 48-72, 375, 383 From ENIAC to UNIVAC (Stern),

19n., 29 Fruit puzzle, 110-111, 122-126 Fuchi, Kazuhiro, 376-377p.,

378-379

Fujitsu, 375 OASYS, 49p., 63p., 53, 375

Functors, 74 Fundamental algorithms, 283-287,

289

Gail, Harry, 31 Gardner, Martin, 317 GDR. See East Germany GE (General Electric), 184-185, 187-

188, 315, 393 Gecsei, Jan, 369n., 381 Gemignani, Michael, xvii, 338-342 General Electric. See GE Great Brains or Machines That Think

(Berkeley), 267 Giddings, Richard V., 294 Glossaries

adaptive modeling, 87-88 anti-trust, 181 chess terms, 242 mathematical, 74 microcomputer terminology, 222 musical terms, 140

Goldstein, Bernard, 194 Goldstine, Adele, 31 Goldstine, Herman H., 20, 22, 26,

31 Gomory, R. E., 306 Goodman, Seymour, 221-240 Gower, Albert, 243 Grace Murray Hopper Award,

286 Graham, B., 281 GREAT GAME MACHINES, 254 GREAT GAME SYSTEM, 244 Greene, Harold, 198 Gries, David, 297-300, 303 Guessing, 83-84 Guazzo, M., 98

Hacker, 14-16 The Hacker's Dictionary (Steele et

aI), 15 Halladay, Henry, 20 Hamilton's method of apportionment,

172[, 173[, 174

Hamming, Richard, W., 401, 404 The Handbook of Artificial Intelli

gence (Barr, Cohen, & Feigenbaum), 269, 272-273

Hanimex, 253 Hardware crisis, 300-302 Hardy-Weinberg Law, 175-176[.

177[ Harris Corporation, 396 Harvard Computation Laboratory, 389 Hayashi, Tay, 29 Hayden Software, 253 Haynes, Jim, 404 Hebenstreit, Jacques, xviii Hegener and Glaser, 246, 252 Henne, E., 252 Henson, Joe, 312 Hepburn system (Hebonshiki), 52 Hewlett-Packard, 223 Hierarchal composition scheme, 143-

145[ Hilbert, David, 76 Hiller, Lejaren, 138-166 Hill's method of apportionment, 175 Hiragana, 50-5 If .. 52[. 63 Hoare, C. Anthony R., 281, 295, 298,

300,302 Hoffman, Paul, 196 Hofstadter, Douglas, 200 Holmes, Edith, xvii, 396-397 Homelab, 235 Homophones, 53, 55f .• 56-57, 59, 62,

66, 68-69, 71 Honeywell, 20, 184, 393, 396 Honeywell vs. Sperry trial, 20, 28 Hopper, Grace Murray, 389-390

award,286 Horn, Berthold, K. P., 274-275 Horning, Jim, 404 How to Solve It (P6Iya), 318 How to Solve Problems (Wickelgren),

319 HPSCHD (Hiller and Cage), 158, 164,

166 Huffman, D. A., 95 Huffman codes, 87, 95-99,101-102[.

108-109 Human Factors-Misconceptions

(Ledgard), 35

Volume Index 437

Hungary, 221, 224, 227, 229, 232, 235-237

microprocessors 8080A, 228t. others, 234t.

Hunter, Louis c., 33 Hurd, Debra, 316 Husarik, Stephen, 158 Huskey, Harry, 31 Hyatt, Robert, 243

IBM, 16,31,256,270,347-349, 384n.-385, 394, 402

alumni, 312 Alumni Directory (McGrath), 306,

316 business conduct guidelines, 311 code of behavior, 311-313 consent decree, 181-183 copying, 315 creed, 304 customers, 307-309 dress code, 311 education, 310 Fellows, 307, 312 future, 314-315 jokes, 313-314 marketing, 305-315 minorities, 313-314 Official Joke Book. 314 Official Song Book. 314 products, 306-307

PC, 137, 197,232,236,238,254, 392,394, 155/165, 188, 360/370, 187, 197, 223, 296, 3033, 114

rigidity, 310-311 selling, 305-315 service, 309-310 technical awards, 307, 312 training, 310 unions, 314 US vs .• 180-199 women, 313

The IBM Way (Rodgers), 304-316 I.B.M.'s Early Computers (Bashe et

aI), 307-308

438 Volume Index

ICOT (Institute for New-Generation Computer Technology), 376-380

Ideographic languages, 48-72 word processing, 49

IlL (ion-injection logic), 225 IlIiac IV, 9 llliac Suite for String Quartet (Hiller

& Isaacson), 156, (Hiller), 165 Illinois, University of, 138, 156n.,

158 Imlay, John P., 389 In Search of Excellence (Peters and

Waterman), 304, 315-316, 394 inCider, 348 Inference rules, 1I5, 120, 122, 129,

132-133, 136f. The Influence of Computers and In

formatics on Mathematics and Its Teaching, 73

Information, 371-373f. structures, 284, 287-288, 290, See

also Data structures Information Technology and Civiliza-

tion (Inose and Pierce), 281 InfoWorld,4 Inman, Bobby R., 397 Inose, Hiroshi, 281 Institute for Advanced Study, 19n. Institute for New-Generation Compu-

ter Technology, See ICOT Intel, 224

products, 225-228, 230t., 231, 233, 234t., 235

INTELLIGENT CHESS, 254 Intelligent Software, 254 International Assessment of Mathe-

matics, 81 International Business Machines Cor

poration, See IBM International Commission on Mathe

matical Instruction (ICMI), 73 International Computer Chess Associ

ation,243 International Computer Music Confer

ence, 139 International Data Corporation, 187 Interrupts, 5, 8, II, 16, 72, 137, 262,

281,316,395 Ion-injection logic (IlL), 225

Iowa State College (later University), 19,24,25

Irazoqui, Enrique, 252-253, 258 Isaacson, Leonard, 156 Iskara, 232 Isles, David, 68-72 Is Pascal Too Large? (Ledgard),

35 ITP (portable reasoning program),

114, 116, 133, 135 Ives, Charles, 143

Jaffe, Arthur, 75 James, Hyman, 31 Janus, 232 Japan, 48-72, 263, 266, 281, 403 Japan Society, 65 Japanese, 10, 263-267

alphabets, 50, 51f., 52f., Fifth-Generation Project, 9, 263-

281, 346, See also Fifth Generation

US response, 276-279 language, 48-52

reform, 68-72 literature, 57-58 videotex, 380-383 word processing, 48, 63p.-72, 375

sample output, 65f. Jefferson's method of apportionment,

175 Jerusalem Post, 362 Johns Hopkins University, 21, 35n.,

348n. Jones, G. B., 98 Jones, James, 336 Joukhadar, Kristina, xviii Journal of Automated Reasoning,

lIOn. Justice, Department of, 180-199,397,

402

Kana, 383 Kandu, Yasunori, 63 Kanji, 50-52f.-53, 55-58, 63, 65-66,

71-72, 383 input steps, 59f.

Kapor, Mitch, 349

Karpov, Anatoly, 244-245 Kasparov, Gary, 244-245 Katakana, 50, 51[, 52[ Katzenbach, Nicholas, 193p. Kaufman, Felix, 195-196 Kaufmann-Buhler, Walter, v, xiv,

XVIII

Kearns, David T., 312 Keir, Roy, 404 Kemeny, John G., xviii, 81 Kernighan, Brian W., 13, 299-300,

303 KFREQ storage array, 150-151[ Kirstein, Peter, xviii Kittinger, Dave, 258 Klamkin, M. S., 318 Knobeloch, Edward, 31 Knowledge, 10, 264-265, 274, 276,

380 Knuth, Donald E., 282-291, 295, 298-

299,303 Kolstad, Rob, 335 Kopec, Danny, 241-258 Korean language, 48-50, 54, 61, 67 Kousbroek, Rudy, 200, 202-204, 215,

219-220 Kreydt, James, xviii Kuehler, J. D., 306 Kuhn, Thomas, 74 Kumra, Ravi, 162 Kunii, Tosiyasu L., xvii, xviii

Langdon, G. G., 98 Langley Publications, Inc., 348n. Language of clauses, 116-120 Language and Machines (National

Academy of Science), 270 Larson, Earl R., 20, 31 Laskey, Otto, 141, 143 Lautenberg, Frank, 347, 389 Law and Computers, 338-342 Le Liberation, 373 Ledbetter, Lamar, 294 Ledgard, Henry, xviii, 35-47, 295,

301 Leduc, Jean, 258 Lee, Elvin J., 336 Legislative apportionment, 171-172[,

173[, 174[, 175

Volume Index 439

Lehrer, Tom, 404 Le Monde, 384 Le Naury, Daniel, 342c., 383c. Let Us Teach Guessing (P6Iya), 83 Letters

Cherlin, 46-47 Freeman, 34 Isles and Akiba, 68-70 Japan Society, 65 Pierce, 280-281 Ralston, 7

Letter frequencies, 206-207[ Levy, David, 243, 254 Lexical scanning, 286 Liability when the computer's wrong,

338-342 Liebling, A. J., 259 Lifecycle, software, 39-43, 46-47 Limerick, 220 Limits of software technology, 355 Linger, Richard C., 298, 300, 303 Lions of the Eighties (Hoffman), 196 Lipner, Daniel S., xviii Lisa, 392 Lisp, 5, 79, 203, 269, 274 LISP (Winston and Horn), 275 Lloyd, Andrew, xvii, 384-387 LMA (logic machine architecture),

114, 133 Loeckx, Jacques, 300, 303 LOGO,346 Logic machine architecture, 114, 133 Logical reasoning, 110-137 Logological space, 216-219 Lorin, Harold, xviii Los Alamos National Laboratory, 15,

27,361 Lotus, 80, 177, 349-350 Lotus, 349-350 LSI (Western Digital), 153, 225, 229 Luckermann, E., xviii Lusk, E., 114, 137

Machine aided cognition (MAC), 72 Machine consultation chess, 257-258 Machines Who Think (McCorduck),

265 MacIntosh, 69, 254 Macro, Allen, 45

440 Volume Index

Mac World, 348 Maintenance in Eastern Europe, 237 Makowski, Janusz, 362 Malik, Rex, xvii, 367-374, 375-383 Management Technology, 350 Mandarin Chinese, 55, 59 Market

definition, 185 power, 187 share, 187, 188

Marketing, 305-315 Markov, A. A., 94, 285 Markov models, 86-87, 94, 100, 108 MARK V, 246 Maryland, University of, 81, 351n. Massachusetts Institute of Technolo-

gy, See MIT Mathematical Association of America,

6n., 73n., 77, 167n. Mathematical Discovery I and II

(P6Iya), 318 Mathematical modeling, 76, 167-179,

See also Markov models Mathematical proof, 75, 298, 355 Mathematical theorem-proving, 268 Mathematics, 73-85

curriculum, 76-78 educators, 73

Mathematics of Computation, 337 Mathematics Intelligencer, xiv Mathematics Magazine, 73n. Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning

I and II (P6Iya), 318-319 Mathematics Today (Steen), 73n. Mathematics Tomorrow (Steen), 73n. Mauchly, John William, 19-22p., 23-

24,26-34 Mauchly, Kay, 21, 28 McAdams, Alan K., 192 MCC (Microelectronics and Computer

Technology Corporation), 9, 396-397

McCarthy, John, 269 McClelland, George W., 23 McCorduck, Pamela, 263, 265 McCracken, Daniel D., xviii McDonald, R. E., 185 McDonald, Scott, 256 McGrath, R. W., 306 McMillan, Dan, 350

McPherson, John c., 306 Memorex, 187, 188 MEPHISTO, 244t., 246, 251-253 Michael, Robert, 31 Michie, Donald, 241n., 256-258 MICRO III, 253 Microcomputing in the Soviet Union

and Eastern Europe, 221-240 tables, 225, 226, 228, 230, 234

Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC), 9, 396-397

Micropro, 390 Mikroelektronik combine, 233, 238 Mikroszamitogep Magazin, 237 Miller, Darrell, 16 Miller, Steven M., 269 I

Mills, Harlan D., xviii, 298, 300, 303 MINI-SENSORY CHALLENGER,

253 Ministry of International Trade and

Industry, See MITI Minitel, 370, 374 MIS Week, 348 Mischkinsky, Jeff, 404 MIT (Massachusetts Institute of

Technology), 8, 72-73n., 268-269,271, 344, 403

MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry), 281, 378, 382-383

Mitsubishi Corporation, 64, 380-383 Mitsui and Company, USA, Inc.,

48n.,64 . MIX, 285, 289-291 MIXAL,285 Modeling, 77, 87-91, 93, 167-179, See

also Markov models The Modern Reader's Japanese-En

glish Character Dictionary, (Nelson), 51, 58

Modula, 5, 295 Modular Game System, 245 Mongolia, 221 Monopoly, 181-184, 187 Moore, J. Strother, 114, 133, 137 Moore School of Electrical Engineer-

ing, 19, 21-23, 26, 30-32 Morgan, Chris, 350 Morohashi, Shinroku, 382

MORPHY,254 Morrow, George, 349 Moto-oka, T., 264 Motorola, 226t.-227, 230t., 235 Multiple access computer, See MAC Mural, Frank, 31 MUSIC 5, 139, 151 Music composition, 138-166 MUSICOMP, 158 Mussorgsky, Modest, 388 The Mythical Man-Month (Brooks),

296, 303

Nahon, Georges, 370 NAS (National Academy of Science),

270,286 National Academy of Engineering,

286 National Academy of Science (NAS),

270,286 National Center for Knowledge Tech

nology, 10, 265 National Commission on Increased

Creation of Children Instead of Computers, 316

National Computer Conference (NCC), xii, 343, 388-395

National Computer Laboratory, 10 National Science Foundation, 11 National Semiconductor, 396 Naur, Peter, 295, 299 Naval Ordinance Laboratory, 25 Naval Research, Office of, 6-7 Naval Research Laboratory, 351n.-

352 NCC (National Computer Confer-

ence), xii, 343, 388-395 NCR, 184, 393, 396 Negligence, 340-341 Nelson, Andrew N., 51, 58 Nelson, Harry, 243 Neumann Janos Society, 237 New York Magazine, 398 New York Times, 5, 11, 16,357 The New Yorker, 259,365 Newborn, Monroe, 243 Newell, Alan, 269 Nieuwe Rotterdamse Courant,

200

Volume Index 441

Nijmegen, University of, 200n., 206 Nilsson, Nils J., 271, 274-276 Nitsche, T., 252 Noah's ark, 383c. Norris, William, 396 Novag, 244t., 246, 248-251, 253-254,

258 Number-word, 203, 205, 207[, 211,

213-214 Numbers

abundant, 336 weird,336

OASYS, 63p. thumb shift keyboard, 49p., 53

Odesta, 254 Official IBM lake Book, 314 Official IBM Song Book, 314 Olson, Margrethe, 345 Opel, John, 314 The Open Channel (Haynes), 404 Ordering the Universe (Jaffe), 75 Oriental languages, 48-72 Ornstein, Severo M., xvii Overbeek, R., 114, 137

P-sub-A, 41[-43[, 45 Pacey, Arnold, 5 Pacific, report from, 375-383 Palevsky, Max, 185 Palindromic square, 335 Pangram, 200-220

machine, 201p., 209-210[-217[-218 Papert, Seymour, 74 Parnas, David Lorge, 351-363 Parsing techniques, 286 Pascal, 3, 12, 35, 79, 114, 177, 285,

295 Pasco, R., 98 PC, 343 PC, See IBM products PC Magazine, 348 PC Week, 348 PC World, 348 PDP-11 , 231 Pearce, John, 381 Pennsylvania, University of, 19, 23,

26,28

442 Volume Index

The Penguin Dictionary of Computers (Chandor et aI), 15

Peoples Republic of China, 54-55, 61, 403

PerIis, Alan J., xviii Perot, H. Ross, 312 PERQ, 114 Persiflage for Flute, Oboe and Per

cussion (Hiller), 160-161, 165-166

Personal computers, 67, 240, 253-256, 343-347

Personal library, books for, 261-262 Personal Sequential Inference Ma-

chine, 378-379p. Peters, Thomas J., 315-316, 394 Peyrefitte, Alain, 385 Philips Electronics, 35n., 45 Phonetic alphabets, 51[ Phonetic input, chinese, 59 Picture:

coding, 91 compression, 91

Pictures at an Exhibition, (Mussorg-sky),388

Pierce, John R., 270, 280-281 Pinyin, 59 Piore, E.R., 306 PITCH, 155, 157[ PHRASE, 149-156, 159, 160t. Phrase assembly, 153-154 Plauger, P.J., 299-300, 303 PLlI,5 Poetics of Music (Stravinsky), 145 Poland, 221, 227

microprocessors MCY 78XX series, 227, 228t. Mera,234t. Meritum, 234t.

P6lya, George, 83, 318-319 Population paradox, 173[ Portable reasoning program (ITP),

114, 116, 133, 135 Predecessor-based prediction scheme,

93 Press, computer, 348-350 Press, Laurence I., xvii, 343-347 Press Relations Order (Edelstein),

194-195

PRESTIGE, 244t., 252 PRESTO,253 Price, Robert, 396 PRINCHESS-X, 251 Principles of Artificial Intelligence

(Nilsson), 275 Principles of Computer Speech (Wit

ten), 86n. Problem solving, 82, 167,203,264,

274, 276, 284, 317-337 programs, 325, 328, 332

comparison, 334[ outputs, 326[, 333[ running times, 327f.

reproduction permission, 337 sample problem, 319 solution, 336-337 steps, 318

Problems, 335-337 Problems and Puzzles, 1l0-137, 259,

317-337 problems 335-336 solutions, 336-337

Probst, G., xviii Processing Note Parameters (FILL),

157[ PRODIGY, 253 Professional responsibility,

351-363 Professional Software: Volume I,

Software Engineering Concepts (Ledgard and Tauer), 35n.

Profiles, 204-207, 211-213, 217 Program verification, 110, 119, 133 Programmers, 35-47, 292-293, 301 Programming, 35-47, 91, 282-303 Programming language translation,

286 Programming Languages, History

and Fundamentals (Sammet), 12

Programming psychology, 296, 299, 303

Programming Teams (Ledgard), 35 Progressive transmission, 87-88,

108 Projects I through III (Koenig), 144 Project definition, 39, 46-47 Prolog, 346, 378

Proof in clause form, 122-126 by contradiction, 122-127 of correctness, 297-298 tree, 126

Prototyping, 4~7 PSION,251 The Psychology of Computer Pro

gramming (Weinberg), 37, 296, 303

PTT,373 Puzzles, See Problems and Puzzles

QWERTY system, 53 Quine, W.V., 220

Radicals, Chinese, 59-6If. Ralston, Anthony, xii, xiv, xvii, 6-13,

77 Ralston Encyclopedia of Computer

Science and Engineering, 22, 24, 193, 261n.

Random numbers, 284, 286, 289 RCA, 185, 187-188, 315, 393, 396 Reactive keyboard, 89-90[, 109 Readings in Artificial Intelligence

(Webber and Nilsson), 275-276 Readers of ABACUS, 3-5 Real-World Problem Solving (Sack

man and Blackwell), 318 Reasoning

automated, 1l0-137 clauses, 116-120 common-sense, 133 logical, 133 probabilistic, 133 program

sequence of actions, 136[ Reilly, Edwin D., Jr., xvii Reischauer, Edwin 0., 50 Remington Rand Corporation, 19, 34 Reports from Correspondents, 365-

397 Anaheim, 388-395 Europe, 367-374, 384-387 Pacific, 375-383 Washington, 396-397

Volume Index 443

Resolution, 96[ Results in a Theory of Problem Solv-

ing (Banerji), 318 Review of Scientific Instruments, 27 RHYTHM, 155, 157 Rich, Adrienne, 11 Rich, Elaine, 276 The Right Stuff, 5 Rissanen, J. J., 98 Robotics, 240, 264, 268-269, 271, 395 Robotics, Applications and SocialIm-

plications (Ayers and Miller), 269

Robotron Combine, 232, 233 Z9001,233

Rodgers, F. B. "Buck," 304-316 Rodgers, Helen, 313 Romaji, 52[-53, 64 Romania, 221, 228, 236

microprocessors Felix, 234t.

Rosenthal, Steve, 349 Ross, Douglas, 8 Rosser, J. Barkley, 77

Sackman, H., 318 Sallows, Lee C. F., xviii, 200--220 Saloma, Jean, 367-369, 371-372,

374 Sammet, Jean E., 12 Samole, Sidney, 248, 250 Sandia National Laboratory, 361 San Francisco Chronicle, 8 Sanger, David, 16 SARGON, 245, 253-254 Saxon, David, 78 SBC (single board computer), 231 SCHACH 2.7, 248 Schenk, Roger, 11 Scherer, Frederick, 185 Science, 6-7, 73n., 78 Science News, 73n. The Science of Programming (Gries),

297,303 Scientific American, xii, 4, 73n., 200,

259 Scientific Data Systems, 186 SciSys, 244, 246, 253-254

444 Volume Index

SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative), 6-8, 351-363, See also Star Wars

SDIO, See Strategic Defense Initiative Organization

Searching, 79, 284, 286, 290 Self-programming calculator, 92-93,

109 Selling, 305-315 Seminumerical algorithms, 284, 286,

289-291 Service Bureau Corporation, 182 Sessions, Roger, 138n. Shannon, Claude E., 98, 267, 271 Sharpless, Kite, 31 Shaw, Mary, 80 Shaw, Robert, 31 Sherman Act, 180-183, 189, 197 Shook, Robert L., 304 Silverman, Barry G., 294 Simon, Herbert A., 269, 271, 404 Simon, Jerry, 256-257 Single board computer (SBC), 231 Single-chip, 224-225 Slate, David, 254 Slimmerick, 220 Sloan School of Management, 344-

345 SM (Sistema Malykh), 223

designations, 233 3,231 4,231 6OO,227,230t. 1300,232 1800,232

Smalltalk, 346 SMILEY, 262 Smith, R. Jeffrey, 7 So You Want To Buy a Chess Com

puter (Gertler), 253 Software, 6-8, 12, 35-47, 284

crisis, permanent, 292-303 books discussed, 302-303 probable future, 302 reason for, 300-302 development, 46-47 engineering, 2%-299, 301, 302 lifecycle, 39f-43, 46-47f for personal computers, 253-256

Software Engineering (Boehm), 300

Sorting, 79, 284, 286, 290 Sound processing computer, 151 Soviet Union computers, 221-240

IC classification code, 222 KI8XX, 226t., 230t., 233-234t. K58X, 225t.-227, 230t.-232, 234t.,

236 K536, 229-230t., 234t. KI5XX, 233 KI6XX, 233 K181O, 230t.

Sound synthesis, 141, 143, 151, 164-165

Speech-actuated typewriter, 265 SPEEDAC, 34 Sperry Corporation, 34 Sperry Rand Corporation, 19-20, 34,

185 Sperry Univac, 31, 393, 396 Spracklen, Dan, 245-246, 251, 253,

258 Spracken, Kathe, 245-246, 253, 258 Spread sheets, 79-80, 167-179, 344,

346 Springer-Verlag, v, xiv Square-root algorithm, 168-169f SRI International, 269, 271 ST-4 and 10 (Xenakis), 143 Stanford, 275, 391,402 Stanford Research Institute, 269, 271 Stanford University, 48n., 269-271,

281 Stapleton, Ross Alan, 221-240 Star Wars, 6-8, 351-363,402-403,

See also SOl academic institutions, role of, 361-

362 advice, 362-363 background, 352-354 computers, role of, 354-356 critical issues, 357-360 drawing, 353 limits of software technology, 355 questions, 360-363 references, 363

State University of New York at Buffalo, 6n., 138n., 164

Steele, Guy L., 15 Steen, Lynn Arthur, 73-85

Stern, Nancy, 19-34 Stern, Paul G., 312 STEINITZ, 246, 254 STOCH (subroutine), 150-151f Stochastic integers, 146 Stochastic note parameter generator,

148f-149, 157f Stochastic operations, 147 Stochastic process, 74, 76, 144--145,

147-149 Storage Technology Corporation, 187 Strategic Defense Initiative. See SDI,

Star Wars Strategic Defense Initiative Organiza

tion (SDIO), 351, 353, 356-357, 361

Stravinsky, Igor, 145 String Quartet No.4 (Hiller), 156 Structured programming, 295, 297 Structured Programming: Theory and

Practice (Linger, Mills, and Witt), 298, 303

Systematic Programming: An Intro-duction (Wirth), 295, 302

Strunk and White, 17, 282 STTL (Schottky TTL), 225-226 STYLE, 155, 157f Substituting, 82, 120-121, 132 Subsumption, 132 Sum profile, 205f, 206, 211-212, 214f The Sun Never Sets on IBM (Foy),

308-309 SUPER CONSTELLATION, 244t.,

246-247, 251-252, 254--255p., 258

SUPER 9,254 Support strategy, set of, 127-128f Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!

(Feynman), 15 Surreal Numbers (Knuth), 287-288 Swarens, 339-340 Symbolic algebra, 81-83 Synclavier II, 165

Takahara, Kiyoshi, 382 Talking with Computers (Witten),

86n. Taube, Mortimer, 270

Volume Index 445

Tauer, John, 35n., 45 Teaching, 12, 167

aid, 133 machine, 82

Technion Institute, 362 Technische Hochschule Darmstadt,

351n. Technology and Social Change in

America (Hunter), 33 Technology transfer, 221, 224 Telex, 186, 191, 197 Temporary National Information

Committee, 390, 395 Tenney, James, 166 Texas Instruments, 225 The TEXbook (Knuth), 287 Thompson, Ken, 241 Tiger, Lionel, 5 TIMBRE, 155, 157f Theorem-proving, 268, 284 Thirteenth Generation Computer

Project, 403 Time-line, 402-403 Transpac, 374 TRAVELMATE, 253 Tropp, Henry, 31 TRS-80, 245 Tufts University, 35n., 70 Tunney Act, 181, 194--195 Turing, Alan M., 76, 267-268 Turing

award, 286 machine, 75 test, 403

Turing's Man (Bolter), 74 Typing without a keyboard,

90-91f

Uchida, Shunichi, 379p., 380 Unary computer, 402 Undergraduate Program in Mathe-

matical Sciences, 77 Undulant (Ames), 144 Ungerman-Bass Ethernet, 346 Unified System (Yedinaya Sistema),

See ES Unisys, 34 Unit clauses, 125

446 Volume Index

United Data Centers, 194 United States Chess Federation, 241,

244t.-245, 247, 253-254, 258 Univac (corporation), 184 UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Com-

puter), 19n., 23, 34 Unix V, 389 UR-resolution, 125-126 Ursinus College, 21, 26-28,

31-32 US vs. AT&T, 196 US vs. IBM, 180-199

milestones, 191-193 U.S.C.F. See United States Chess

Federation Users, 40, 42-43, 45

van der Herik, H. J., 256 van Schaijk, Willie, 213 van Tassel, Dennie, 404 Variable-length matching, 100-103,

108 Variable-length modeling, 108 VAX, 10, 114 Very intelligent peripherals (VIPs),

345-346 Video Print, 316 Videotex, 367-374, 380-383 Vietnam, 221 VIPs, See very intelligent peripherals VisiCalc,80, 167-168, 239,

344 VOICE CHALLENGER, 246 VOLUME, 155, 157! von Hagen, Jolanda, xviii von Neumann, John, 237, 267 Votan,389

Warner and Stockpole, 180n. Wang 2200, 232 Washington, report from, 396-397 Waterman, Robert H., 316, 394 Watson, Thomas J., Jr., 188,306,

308,311,313 Watson, Thomas J., Sr., 306, 308,

311

The Wayward Press (Liebling), 259

Webber, Bonnie Lynn, 275-276 Webster's method of ap{lortionment,

174! Wegman, Cees, 215 Wegman, Edward, 6 Wegner, Peter, xviii Weinberg, Gerald M., 37, 296, 299,

303 Weird numbers, 336 Weiss, Eric, A., iii-iv, xvii, 3-5, 10,

14-16, 261-316, 388-395 Weizenbaum, Joseph, 270 Wergo Records, 165-166 Western Digital LSI, 153, 225,

229 What Computers Can't Do (Dreyfus),

270 WholeEarth-Review, 262 Wickelgren, W., 319 Wiener, Norbert, 267-269, 271 Wiggins, Robert S., 312 Wilf, Herb, 81 Wilmot, Rob, 375-376, 382 Winston, Patrick H., 273-275 Wirth, Niklaus, 295, 299-300,

302 Wisconsin, University of, 24, 317n. Withington, Frederick G. (Ted), 195-

196 Witt, Bernard I., 298, 300, 303 Witten, Ian H., 86-109 Woods, Wendy, 349 Word processing, 42, 48-72, 79, 344,

346-347 grammatic and spelling critics, 271-

272 Japanese, 48-72

Word puzzle. See Pangram Wordstar, 239, 344, 389 World Chess Federation, 244t.-245

ratings, 244 World Microcomputer Chess Champi-

onship, 247, 251, 254 Wos, Larry, 110-137 Wozniak, Steve, 349 Wright, Bruce, 254

Xenakis, Yannis, 143, 166 Xerox, 186-187,393,397

Yedinaya Sistema. See ES Yourdon, Edward N., 295-296, 300,

302

Volume Index 447

Zave, Pamela, 294 Zemanek, Heinz, xviii Zilog, 226, 228, 230(., 232-233 Zipf, G. K., 155 Zipf's Law, 155

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