the first twenty-five years (1986-2011) spain in the

Joaquín Roy and María Lorca-Susino (editors) Jean Monnet Chair, University of Miami Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence Joaquín Almunia Enrique Barón Cristina Blanco Sío-López Carmen González Enríquez Francesc Granell Haruko Hosoda Imtiaz Hussain María Lorca-Susino Luis Moreno Ramón Mullerat Vicente Palacio Sonia Piedrafi ta Charles Powell Joaquín Roy Sebastián Royo José Ignacio Torreblanca Blanca Vilà Alfonso Camiñas-Muiña (Assistant Editor) “Spain is the problem. Europe is the solution”. In this fashion Ortega y Gasset once dramatized the need to “Europeanize” Spain. The results over the first twenty five years of EU membership have been truly impressive. When Spain became a member of the EC, some of the best and brightest of Spain’s govern- mental cadres and universities joined the expanded European institutions, taking on positions of responsibility. The most prominent chaired the European Court of Justice (Gil-Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias) and the Parliament (Enrique Barón, José- María Gil Robles, and Josep Borrell), holding key positions in the Commission, and filling the newly created position of High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (Javier Solana). Spain, in sum, “was not different”, contrary to what old-fashion tourist publicity for the country used to say. It was a European country like any other that was returning to its natural home after a long exile. Spain, in turn, received considerable benefits from EU membership through funds for regional investment policies, agriculture and rural development, and the modernisation of national infrastructure. From an index of 60 percent of the European average in 1986, today Spain’s income per head is in the range of 105 percent, with some regions surpassing 125 percent. From being a country that was a net receiver from the EU budget, Spain today is a net contributor. Reflecting this development, the present volume examines different di- mensions of the deepening relationship between Spain and the rest of Europe through membership of the EU (its history, and its impact on policy development on economic growth and on relations with third countries). Contributors Joaquín Roy y and María Lorca-Susino (editors) Spain in the European Union: the First Twenty-Five Years (1986-2011) Prefaces by Joaquín Almunia and Enrique Barón

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Page 1: the First Twenty-Five Years (1986-2011) Spain in the

Joaquín Roy and María Lorca-Susino (editors)

Jean Monnet Chair, University of Miami Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence

Joaquín AlmuniaEnrique BarónCristina Blanco Sío-López Carmen González EnríquezFrancesc GranellHaruko HosodaImtiaz HussainMaría Lorca-Susino

Luis MorenoRamón MulleratVicente PalacioSonia Piedrafi taCharles PowellJoaquín RoySebastián RoyoJosé Ignacio Torreblanca Blanca Vilà

Alfonso Camiñas-Muiña(Assistant Editor)

“Spain is the problem. Europe is the solution”. In this fashion Ortega y Gasset once dramatized the need to “Europeanize” Spain. The results over the first twenty five years of EU membership have been truly impressive. When Spain became a member of the EC, some of the best and brightest of Spain’s govern-mental cadres and universities joined the expanded European institutions, taking on positions of responsibility. The most prominent chaired the European Court of Justice (Gil-Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias) and the Parliament (Enrique Barón, José-María Gil Robles, and Josep Borrell), holding key positions in the Commission, and filling the newly created position of High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (Javier Solana). Spain, in sum, “was not different”, contrary to what old-fashion tourist publicity for the country used to say. It was a European country like any other that was returning to its natural home after a long exile. Spain, in turn, received considerable benefits from EU membership through funds for regional investment policies, agriculture and rural develop-ment, and the modernisation of national infrastructure. From an index of 60 percent of the European average in 1986, today Spain’s income per head is in the range of 105 percent, with some regions surpassing 125 percent. From being a country that was a net receiver from the EU budget, Spain today is a net contributor. Reflecting this development, the present volume examines different di-mensions of the deepening relationship between Spain and the rest of Europe through membership of the EU (its history, and its impact on policy development on economic growth and on relations with third countries).

Contributors Joaquín R

oy y and M

aría Lorca-Susino

(editors)

Spain in the E

uropean Union:

the First Tw

enty-Five Years (1986-2011)

Prefaces by Joaquín Almunia and Enrique Barón

Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del ... PDF/Proceeding.pdfPROCEEDINGS OF THE 1986 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES MADRID, Spain Volume I 18

Pleistocene Rewilding: An Optimistic Agenda for Twenty ... · Martin 1982; Janzen 1986). Various North American spe-cies have characteristics that in modern landscapes appear to be

GENERAL AGREEMENT ON · consequent on the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC. The Protocol was effective from 1 January 1986 and valid until 31 December 1986. The bilateral