the first year students’ difficulties in picture description and some recommended solutions

8/9/2019 the first year students difficulties in picture description and some recommended solutions

1/23

Qdo}hkj hk}dnhke uhdqop|d}t Fk hnd

_hdqop|d}t na ekhbukbo khm dh}ophk}dnhke |}umdo|

Ohbed|f moykp}joh}

###################################################

Po|okplf

nh3 }fo adp|} tokp |}umoh}| mdaadlue}do| dh ydl}upo

mo|lpdy}dnh khm |njo polnjjohmom |neu}dnh|

\uyopqd|np3 Hbutoh ]fd Mdou Fk

\}umoh}| 3 Qu Yfunhb Edhf

Mdhf ]fd Hbk

lek|| 3 94O 2

Q( Ed}opk}upo poqdor 6

;( \yokgdhb |gdee khm }fo djynp}khlo na d} dh Ohbed|f 6

0( YO] &Ypoedjdhkpt Ohbed|f ]o|}$ }fo rkt }n }o|} 4

|}umoh}| dh = |gdee|

0(;( Rfk} d| YO]> 4

0(0( YO] khm ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh 4

0(0(; YO] 4

0(0(0 Ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh khm d}| djynp}khlo dh u|dhb Ohbed|f ;9

0(0(< Lpd}opdk anp ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh ;;

0(0(= Jk}}op| poek}dhb ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh kl}dqd}do| ;;

QD( Mk}k khket|d| ;0

;( \}umoh}| k}}d}umo }nrkpm }fo |u`col} ;0

0( ]fo }djo }fk} |}umoh}| |yohm nh }fo |u`col} ;0


4/23

=( \}umoh}| |neu}dnh anp }fo ypn`eoj ;1

QDD( Kyyedlk}dnh ;6

;( Ypoykpk}dnh ;6

0( \}pul}upo khm Lnh}oh} ;6


5/23

k`|}pkl}

@odhb krkpo na ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh anp adp|} tokp |}umoh} foeydhb }foj }n

djypnqo Ohbed|f |yokgdhb |gdee% ro moldmom }n mn k po|okplf nh }fo adp|} tokp

|}umoh}| mdaadlue}do| dh ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh khm |njo polnjjohmom |neu}dnh| ( Dh

}fd| po|okplf% ro rnuem edgo }n anlu| nh mo|lpdy}dnh |gdee( Nup kdj| kpo }n adhm nu}

}fo jkdh mdaadlue}do| dh ydl}upo |}umoh}| }fk} adp|} tokp |}umoh}| dh Ohbed|f

Moykp}joh} na }fo _hdqop|d}t na Ekhbukbo khm Dh}ophk}dnhke \}umt k kerkt| joo}

khm |njo |neu}dnh| }fot u|o }n |neqo d}( Ka}op |th}fo|dsdhb }fo jk}opdke apnj |njo

poaopohlo `nng khm n`|opqdhb }fo rkt |}umoh}| ypo|oh}% ro lnhmul}om k |upqot }n

uhmop|}khm }fo jk}}op|(

@k|dhb nh }fo mk}k lneeol}om% ro khketsom khm fkm jkht adhmdhb|( ]fo|o

|fnr }fk} ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh d| hn} k mdaadlue} |u`col}( ]fo mdaadlue}do| }fot na}oh

joo} mn hn} lnjo apnj }fo |}umt lnhmd}dnh `u} apnj |}umoh}| k`ded}do|( ]fopo

ropo jkht |neu}dnh kyyedom `t |}umoh}|( Fnroqop% }fo|o ropo cu|} }ojynpkpt(

@k|dhb nh }fo adhmdhb% |njo |ubbo|}dnh| anp djypnqdhb mo|lpdy}dnh |gdee kpo

ke|n ypnqdmom(

?

?


6/23

Dh}pnmul}dnh

;( Pk}dnhkeo na }fo po|okplf

Yk||dhb dhanpjk}dnh apnj nho yop|nh }n khn}fop d| mkdet kl}dqd}t na fujkh òdhb|(

]fo oaaol}dqoho|| na lnjjuhdlk}dnh moyohm| nh qnlkùekpt% ypnhuhldk}dnh khm

n}fop |yokgdhb |gdee| ro u|o }n dh}opkl}( ]fopoanpo% |yokgdhb d| jnpo khm jnpo

djynp}kh} dh |}umtdhb Ohbed|f(

Tokp| òanpo% |yokgdhb fk| hn} òoh lnhlophom }n ò k| djynp}kh} k| n}fop

|gdee| dh |}umtdhb Ohbed|f( Anp }fo }djo òdhb% d} fk| bpkmukeet òoh hn}dlom khm

òlnjo k `k|dl khm o||oh}dke |gdee anp |}umoh}| dh uhdqop|d}do|( K u|oaue rkt }n

foey |}umoh}|% o|yoldkeet apo|fjoh% bo} u|om }n |yokgdhb Ohbed|f% d| ydl}upo

mo|lpdy}dnh( ]fd| fk| òoh kyyedom anp adp|} tokp |}umoh}| khm |oojom }n foey(

Ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh d| lnh|dmopom kh dh}opo|}dhb khm oaaol}dqo kl}dqd}t( D}

foey| ohpdlf }fo qnlkùekpt% `pnkmoh }fo ghnreombo k`nu} jkht mdaaopoh} adoem|

khm ohfkhlo |oh}ohlo |}pul}upo| na |}umoh}|( D} ke|n jkgo| |}umoh}| akjdedkpdso

}foj|oeqo| rd}f yuèdl |yokgdhb% poaeol} {udlget }n mdaadlue} |d}uk}dnh| khm oqoh

|fnr }fodp nrh dmok k`nu} rfk}oqop }fot |oo(

]fd| po|okplf d| djyeojoh}om }n adhm nu} }fo mdaadlue}do| rfdlf jkgo

|}umoh}| lnhau|om khm yu} anprkpm |njo dmok| }n |neqo }fo ypnèoj( D} ke|n lnjo|

apnj nup nrh dh}opo|} dh |}umtdhb ekhbukbo }fpnubf ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh( Fnyoaueet%

}fd| po|okplf d| nho na }fo jk}opdke rfdlf foey |}umoh}| moqoeny |yokgdhb |gdee(

Anp kee joh}dnhom k`nqo pok|nh|% ro moldmo }n lfnn|o ]fo mdaadlue}do| dh

ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh khm |njo polnjjohmom |neu}dnh| anp }fo adp|} tokp |}umoh}| k|

}fo }nydl anp nup po|okplf(

0( Kdj| na }fo po|okplf

]fo kdj| na }fo po|okplf kpo lkppdom nu} anp |njo poke yupyn|o( Adp|} na kee% d} d| }n

foey eokphop| akjdedkpdso }foj|oeqo| rd}f ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh( Jnponqop% d} foey|

}foj pokedso |njo ypnèoj| rfdlf kpo ynyuekp rfoh mo|lpd`dhb k ydl}upo |n }fk}

}fot lkh kqndm }foj khm }foh }n lnh|nedmk}o |njo |gdee| khm bdqo }foj }dy| }n

|ulloom dh |}umtdhb(

1

1


7/23

?(0 Rfk} kpo |njo |ubbo|}om |neu}dnh| }n |neqo }fo|o ypn`eoj|>

2

2


8/23

Ed}opk}upo poqdor

;( \yokgdhb |gdee khm }fo djynp}khlo na d} dh Ohbed|f

Rfoh eokphdhb kht ekhbukbo|% }fopo kpo anup |gdee|3 ed|}ohdhb% |yokgdhb% pokmdhb%

rpd}dhb anp eokphop| }n ypkl}dlo( Kjnhb }fn|o% |yokgdhb% k| d} d| auhmkjoh}ke }n

fujkh lnjjuhdlk}dnh% mo|opqo| julf k}}oh}dnh &@tbk}o% ;442$( \yokgdhb d|

lnh|dmopom k |gdee rd}f }rn rkt| }n uhmop|}khm( ]fn|o kpo jn}np yoploy}dqo |gdee

khm dh}opkl}dnh |gdee( Kllnpmdhb }n }fo adp|} rkt% |yokgdhb dhqneqo yoplodqdhb%

polkeedhb khm kp}dluek}dhb dh }fo lnppol} npmop |nuhm khm |}pul}upo| na }fo ekhbukbo

}n lnhqot }fo pdbf} jokhdhb &@tbk}o% ;442% y(?$ khm dh }fo |olnhm rkt% d} u|o|

ghnreombo khm `k|dl jn}np yoploy}dnh |gdee% klfdoqo lnjjuhdlk}dnh &@tbk}o%

;442%y(1$(

Dh |yokgdhb |gdee% |ullo|| d| jok|upom dh }opj| na }fo k`ded}t }n lkppt nu} k

lnhqop|k}dnh dh }fo &}kpbo}$ ekhbukbo & Huhkh% ;44;%y(


9/23

0(;( Rfk} d| YO]>

Kllnpmdhb }n Lkj`pdmboo|ne

Wf}}y3..rrr(lkj`pdmboo|ne(npb.ovkj|.bohopke*ohbed|f.yo}(f}jeZ% YO] d| kh ovkj

anp yonyeo rfn lkh u|o oqoptmkt rpd}}oh khm |yngoh Ohbed|f k} kh dh}opjomdk}o

eoqoe( D} lnqop| kee anup ekhbukbo |gdee| pokmdhb% rpd}dhb% ed|}ohdhb khm |yokgdhb(

Ypoykpdhb anp }fo ovkj d| k ynyuekp rkt }n moqoeny khm djypnqo tnup ekhbukbo

|gdee| òlku|o d} ypnqdmo| ypkl}dlke ekhbukbo ypkl}dlo dh k qkpdo}t na oqoptmkt

rnpg% |}umt khm eod|upo |d}uk}dnh|(

YO] poaeol}| }fo u|o na ekhbukbo dh poke edao% |ulf k| uhmop|}khmdhb |dbh|

khm khhnuhlojoh}|% khm d| klloy}om `t jkht ojyentop| k| ypnna na k`ded}t }n u|o

Ohbed|f dh leopdlke% |olpo}kpdke np jkhkbopdke cn`|( D} d| ke|n rdmoet klloy}om anp u|o

dh cn`| rfopo |yngoh Ohbed|f d| holo||kpt |ulf k| }nupd|j% po}kde% lnh|}pul}dnh%

jkhuakl}updhb khm ohbdhoopdhb(

]fopo kpo }rn qop|dnh| na YO] kqkdekèo3 YO] khm YO] anp \lfnne|( @n}f

aneenr ovkl}et }fo |kjo anpjk} khm }fo eoqoe na }fo {uo|}dnh ykyop| d| dmoh}dlke(

]fo nhet mdaaopohlo d| }fk} }fo lnh}oh} khm }pok}joh} na }nydl| dh YO] anp \lfnne|

fkqo òoh ykp}dluekpet }kpbo}om k} }fo dh}opo|}| khm ovyopdohlo na |lfnne yuyde|(

&f}}y3..rrr(lkj`pdmboo|ne(npb.ovkj|.bohopke*ohbed|f.yo}(f}je$

0(0( YO] khm ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh

0(0(; YO]

Kllnpmdhb }n Lkj`pdmboo|ne Wf}}y3..rrr(lkj`pdmboo|ne(npb.ovkj|.bohopke*

ohbed|f.yo}(f}jeZ% YO] fk| }fpoo ykyop|3

Pokmdhb khm Rpd}dhb3 ; fnup


10/23

Ykp} =3 md|lu||dnh k`nu} k }nydl(

0(0(0 Ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh khm d}| djynp}khlo dh u|dhb Ohbed|f

Ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh d| dh ykp} < na k YO] |yokgdhb }o|}( Dh }fd| ykp}% |}umoh}|

kpo po{udpom }n mo|lpdò k ydl}upo( ]fo lnh}oh} na }fo ydl}upo poek}om }n nho na }fo

}nydl }fot fkm eokph} òanpo(

Ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh yekt| kh djynp}kh} ykp} dh eokphdhb Ohbed|f% o|yoldkeet dh

|yokgdhb |gdee( ]fo adp|} d| }fk} d} foey| u| }n fkqo ò}}op poaeol}dnh }n Ohbed|f(

Jnponqop% na lnup|op% d} foey| djypnqo nup |yokgdhb |gdee( Ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh

na}oh dh}opo|} |}umoh}| k} kee eoqoe|( \}umoh}| ohcnt djkbdhb rfk} fkyyohom òanpo

}fo jnjoh} ydl}upo% rfopo }fot kpo ( Dh mo|lpd`dhb k ydl}upo% |}umoh}| rdee ke|n

aooe }fo hoom }n eokph Ohbed|f rnpm| }n ovypo|| }fodp dmok| &Hbnlqkh%;444$

Mo|lpd`dhb ykdh}dhb| np n}fop kp} ydl}upo| &o( b( lkpdlk}upo|$ d| |njo}fdhb anp

}fo kmqkhlom eokphop na Ohbed|f k| tnu ke|n fkqo }n }keg k`nu} }fo kp}d|}| dh}oh}dnh

khm }fo djypo||dnh nh }fo qdorop Wf}}y3..rrr(obn=u(lnj.oh.lpkj*

uy.rpd}dhb.ydl}upo*mo|lpdy}dnh Z(

0(0(< Lpd}opdk anp ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh

Mo|lpd`dhb ydl}upo| d| k |}khmkpm po{udpojoh} na jn|} ekhbukbo k`ded}t

}o|}dhb Wf}}y3..khbne|ued(omulk}dnh(mdpol}hdl(lnj.ydl|(f}j Z( Rfdeo mo|lpd`dhb }fo

ydl}upo dh ykp}


11/23

;( \}umoh}| k}}d}umo }nrkpm }fo |u`col}

K`nqo d| }fo `kp lfkp} rfdlf |fnr| }fo |}umoh}| k}}d}umo }nrkpm ydl}upo

mo|lpdy}dnh( K| lkh `o |ooh% hn |}umoh}| }fdhg }fk} }fd| |u`col} d| qoptmdaadlue} np

qopt ok|t( D} jdbf} eokm }n }fo lnhleu|dnh }fk} |}umoh}| aooe }fot fkqo ohnubf

k`ded}t }n }kgo ykp} dh }fo eo||nh% }fnubf }fodp yopanpjkhlo| kpo hn} qopt bnnm(

Ke|n }fo |}k}d|}dl |fnrom }fk} jnpo }fkh ?2/ na |}umoh}| rfn fkm `ooh k|gom |kdm}fot aooe d} {ud}o mdaadlue} khm


12/23

9

;9

09


13/23

k`ded}do|( ]n }oee }fo }pu}f% d} d| pdbf} }n }fo |d}uk}dnh na Qdo}hkjo|o |}umoh}|(

\}umoh}| ropo hn} }kubf} }n |yokg Ohbed|f roee òanpo cndhdhb _hdqop|d}t khm }fot

mn hn} fkqo ohnubf lnhmd}dnh }n ypkl}dlo d} apo{uoh}et( ]fk} lku|o| jkht ypnèoj|

anp }fodp |}umt Ohbed|f ek}op òlku|o }fot kpo eklg na auhmkjoh}ke qnlkùekpt(

Rfk}| jnpo% hn} jkht |}umoh}| }fdhg }fk} }fodp mdaadlue}do| kpo hn}òdhb u|om }n mo|lpdò k ydl}upo( \njo oqoh fkqo hoqop mo|lpdòm k ydl}upo &dh

Ohbed|f$ òanpo npòdhb uhmop ypo||upo|3 apnj }oklfop|% ed|}ohop|% oqoh jkpg|( D}

lkh ò |ooh }fk} }fodp mdaadlue}do| mn hn} jkdhet lnjo apnj }fo |}umt lnhmd}dnh

hnr( Fnroqop% }fo|o kpo dh akl} }fo mdaadlue}do| }fk} kpo julf jnpo mdaadlue} anp

}foj }n nqopyk||(

Aup}fopjnpo% hn nho }fdhg }fk} }fodp }oklfop| }oklfdhb jo}fnm jkgo

d} mdaadlue} anp }foj }n |}umt( ]fd| jokh| }n |neqo }fo ypnèoj% |}umoh}| fkqo }n }pt

}fodp ò|}(

\}umoh}| Lfndlo| Hujòp na

|}umoh}| yu} k

}dlg k} }fd|

Yoploh}kbo

&/$

;

@odhb oj`kppk||om rfoh fkqdhb

}n |yokg Ohbed|f% o|yoldkeet dh lpnrm

2 ;2(?

0 @odhb eklg na qnlkùekpt


14/23

adp|} tokp |}umoh}3 hn} òdhb u|om }n u|dhb

Ohbed|f dh lnjjuhdlk}dnh(

2

Hn} òdhb u|om }n mo|lpdò k

ydl}upo( \njo oqoh fkqo hoqop mo|lpdòm

k ydl}upo &dh Ohbed|f$ òanpo(

4 00(?

6

@odhb uhmop ypo||upo|3 apnj

}oklfop|% ed|}ohop|% oqoh jkpg|

4 00(?

4]fdhgdhb |gdee|3 rnpm t rnpm ;; 02(?

;9 Hn} lnh}pneedhb }fo nrh rnpm|3 ;; 02(?

;;@km ypnhuhldk}dnh jkgo| }fo `km

mo|lpdy}dnh

;2 =0(?

;0Lnjyedlk}dhb }fo |djyeo rnpm|( 1 ;?

; Rfk} |fnuem }fo qdorop ykt k}}oh}dnh

}n>

0 \}pul}upo khm Lnh}oh}

D}"| hn} ok|t }n aneenr k ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh da }fo rpd}op cujy| pkhmnjet

apnj nho yndh} }n khn}fop( ]fopoanpo% jkgo |upo }fk} tnup ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh d|

enbdlkeet |}pul}upom% anp ovkjyeo3

apnj eoa} }n pdbf} &np apnj pdbf} }n eoa}$

apnj }fo `klgbpnuhm }n }fo anpobpnuhm &np apnj }fo anpobpnuhm }n }fo

`klgbpnuhm$

apnj }fo jdmmeo }n }fo |dmo| &np apnj }fo |dmo| }n }fo jdmmeo$

apnj mo}kde| }n bohopke djypo||dnh| &np apnj bohopke djypo||dnh| }n mo}kde|$

Rfdlf |}pul}upo tnu adhkeet lfnn|o moyohm| nh tnup }k|}o khm }fo ydl}upo

tnu rkh} }n mo|lpdò(

< Ydl}upo| dh Bohopke

|fnp} mo|lpdy}dnh na }fo |loho &o( b( yeklo% oqoh}$

mo}kde| &rfn . rfk} lkh tnu |oo$

`klgbpnuhm dhanpjk}dnh &da holo||kpt$ nh yeklo% djynp}kh} yop|nh| np oqoh}

= Ykdh}dhb|

hkjo na kp}d|} khm ydl}upo% tokp na npdbdh &da ghnrh$

|fnp} mo|lpdy}dnh na }fo |loho &o( b( yeklo% oqoh}$

mo}kde| &rfn . rfk} lkh tnu |oo$

djypo||dnh nh }fo qdorop

kp}d|}"| dh}oh}dnh

yop|yol}dqo% lnenp|% anpj|% ypnynp}dnh| o}l(

? Rnpm| anp ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh

Gdhm| na ydl}upo| khm yop|yol}dqo|

;1

;1


17/23

qdorop

ydl}upo% djkbo

ykdh}dhb

yfn}nbpkyf . yfn}n

ynp}pkd}

ekhm|lkyo ykdh}dhb

rnpj"| oto qdor

`dpm"| oto qdor

\}pul}upo

anpobpnuhm

`klgbpnuhm

dh }fo uyyop ykp}

dh }fo enrop ykp}

dh }fo eoa} ykp}

dh }fo pdbf} ykp}

dh }fo loh}pke ykp}

dh apnh} na

òfdhm

hov} }n

nh }fo pdbf}

nh }fo eoa}

dh }fo jdmmeo

apnj apnh}

apnj òfdhm

apnj k`nqo

apnj òenr

}fo |olnhm apnj eoa}.pdbf}

N}fop|

kp}dadldke edbf}

mktedbf}

;2

;2


18/23

|u`muom edbf}

edbf} lnenup|

mkpg lnenup|

enum lnenup|

lnh}pk|}t

qkhd|fdhb yndh}

qkhd|fdhb edho

1 Yfpk|o| anp ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh

Dhanpjk}dnh nh kp}d|} khm tokp na npdbdh

&djkbo$ d| k ykdh}dhb `t &kp}d|}$% ykdh}om dh &tokp$(

&djkbo$% ykdh}om dh &tokp$% d| k rnpg `t &kp}d|}$

&kp}d|}$ ykdh}om &djkbo$ dh &tokp$(

&djkbo$ d| k akjnu| ykdh}dhb `t &kp}d|}$(

Mo|lpd`dhb }fo |loho

]fo ydl}upo rk| }kgoh dh &yeklo$(

]fo yfn}n rk| }kgoh k} &ykp}t$(

]fo ydl}upo |fnr| k |loho apnj

D}"| kh djkbo na &yeklo% yop|nh% |loho$(

]fo ydl}upo mo|lpd`o| &|loho$(

]fo ydl}upo |fnr| &yeklo% yop|nh% |loho$ apnj k md|}khlo(

&yeklo% yop|nh% |loho$ d| |fnrh apnj &k `dpm"| oto qdor.$(

Tnu enng k} &yeklo% yop|nh% |loho$ apnj &k`nqo.`ofdhm.$(

Rfk} lkh tnu |oo>

Dh }fo ydl}upo tnu lkh |oo

&yn|d}dnh3 nh }fo eoa}.pdbf}.$ }fopo d| . kpo &yn|d}dnh3 nh }fo eoa}.pdbf}.$ tnu lkh |oo

d| &yn|d}dnh3 nh }fo eoa}.pdbf}.$

Djypo||dnh

bdqo| }fo djypo||dnh na moy}f(

;6

;6


19/23

&yop|nh$ |ooj| }n enng k} }fo qdorop(

Fd| . Fop oto| |ooj }n aneenr }fo qdorop(

]fo adbupo| enng k| da }fot ovd|} dh }fpoo mdjoh|dnh|(

]fo qdorop fk| }fo djypo||dnh }fk} }fo yonyeo dh }fo ydl}upo kpo kedqo(

]fo qdorop"| k}}oh}dnh d| anlu|om nh

]n }fo keop} oto d} rdee òlnjo kyykpoh}

]fo qdorop adhm| d} mdaadlue} }n rd}fmpkr fd| oto| apnj

]fo ykdh}dhb d| qdqdm . fkyyt . ovypo||dqo(

]fo ydl}upo jkgo| }fo qdorop aooe &|km.fkyyt$

]fo ydl}upo dh|ydpo| }fo qdorop }n }fdhg k`nu}

Dh}oh}dnh

]fo kp}d|} jkdhet u|o| &lnenup|.anpj|.$

Djynp}kh} oeojoh}| kpo fdbfedbf}om(

]fo kp}d|} . yfn}nbpkyfop . ykdh}op u|o| }n ovypo||

Fo . \fo &ypn`kèt$ rkh}| }n lpd}dldso . ovypo|| . |fnr

D} d| n`qdnu| }fk} }fo kp}d|} rkh}| }n lpd}dldso . ovypo|| . |fnr

Rfk} }fo kp}d|} . yfn}nbpkyfop . ykdh}op rkh}| }n lpd}dld|o . ovypo|| . |fnr d|

Rfk} }fo kp}d|} . yfn}nbpkyfop . ykdh}op rkh}| }n yndh} nu} d|

D }fdhg . òedoqo . kj |upo }fk}

D} |ooj| . kyyokp| }n jo }fk}

]fo ypnèoj deeu|}pk}om fopo d|

|tj`ned|o|

d| }tydlke na

;4

;4


20/23

Lnhleu|dnh

]fd| po|okplf fk| ypo|oh}om |t|}ojk}dlkeet% dhleumdhb kee lnjjnh mdaadlue}do|

rfdlf adp|} tokp |}umoh}| na}oh joo} khm |njo |ubbo|}om |neu}dnh| anp }foj( D} rk|

djyeojoh}om dh kh oaanp} }n foey |}umoh}| fkqo kh nqopqdor na ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh

}fot |}umt dh }fo adp|} tokp(

]fo yupyn|o na }fd| ykp} d| }n jkgo d} ok|dop anp |}umoh}| }n uhmop|}khm fnr

}n mo|lpdò k ydl}upo aueet k| roee k| ohfkhlo }fodp ghnreombo k`nu} |yokgdhb

}fpnubf }fd| kl}dqd}t(

Rd}f }fo foey na nup |uyopqd|np% ro fkqo }pdom nup ò|} }n ypo|oh} nup

nydhdnh| nh }fd| k|yol}( Ro mn fnyo }fk} }fd| po|okplf rdee ò na |njo u|o anp

|}umoh}| rfn jdbf} ò dh}opo|}om dh eokphdhb Ohbed|f khm }fo ò|} rkt }n

lnjjuhdlk}o k| roee( Mo|yd}o nup k}}ojy} dh lneeol}dhb }fo mk}k khm lnjyeo}dhb

}fo {uo|}dnhhkdpo% }fo po|okplf lkh nhet anlu| nh adhmdhb khm |neqdhb }fo ypnèoj

rfoh mo|lpd`dhb k ydl}upo(

]fd| ykyop jkt ò lnh|dmopom }n ò nup adp|} |}oy dh po|okplf |n jd|}kgo|

khm |fnp}lnjdhb| kpo dhoqd}kèo( Ro rnuem ò yeok|om }n polodqo lnjjoh}| apnj

}oklfop| khm apdohm| }n djypnqo dh aup}fop |}oy|(

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Poaopohlo|

Obn=u( &0994$( Ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh( Po}pdoqom Molojòp 04%0994% apnj

f}}y3..rrr(obn=u(lnj.oh.lpkj*uy.rpd}dhb.ydl}upo*mo|lpdy}dnh(

Bnnmkeo% J( &;462$( ]fo ekhbukbo na joo}dhb|( Kjopdlkh3 ]fnjy|nh eokphdhb

Dhl(

Eulk|% A( &;44?$( ]fo kp} na yuèdl |yokgdhb( Kjopdlkh3 Jnhn}tyo Lnjyn|d}dnh

Lnjykht(

Mkhb% Hb( Q( &;444$( ]oklfdhb Ohbed|f qnlkùekpt }n ;;}f anpj |}umoh}|(

_hdqop|d}t na Ekhbukbo| khm Dh}ophk}dnhke \}umdo|(

[uk}pdhd% C( &;441$( \yokgdhb `t mndhb( Kjopdlkh3 Hk}dnhke }ov}`nng Lnjykht(

\}pnhb%R( ! Eo|}op% J( &;44


22/23

Kyyohmdv

[uo|}dnhhkdpo

Anp adp|} tokp |}umoh}| rfn fkqo cu|} eokph} ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh dh _hdqop|d}t na Ekhbukbo khm

Dh}ophk}dnhke \}umt( Ro kpo Edhf khm Hbk% apnj lek|| 94O Yu} k }dlg k} }fo pdbf} kh|rop

K qopt mdaadlue}

@ {ud}o mdaadlue}

L jnmopk}o

M {ud}o ok|t

O qopt ok|t(

0% Yeok|o u|o }fd| pkhbo }n adhm tnu kh|rop

9 anp hoqop

; anp kejn|} hoqop

0 anp |njo}djo|

< anp qopt na}oh

= anp kerkt|

0(; Fnr na}oh mn tnu mo|lpdò k ydl}upo & dh Qdo}hkjo|o$>

((

0(0 Fnr na}oh mn tnu mo|lpdò k ydl}upo & dh Ohbed|f$ òanpo eokphdhb ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh>

((

0(< Fnr na}oh mn tnu mo|lpdò k ydl}upo & dh Ohbed|f$ ka}op eokphdhb ydl}upo mo|lpdy}dnh>

((

Apnj {uo|}dnh < }n {uo|}dnh =% yeok|o yu} k }dlg k} }fo pdbf} kh|rop+

; @odhb oj`kppk||om rfoh fkqdhb }n |yokg Ohbed|f% o|yoldkeet dh lpnrm

0 @odhb eklg na qnlkùekpt

< ]fo }djo d| hn} ohnubf anp tnu }n ypkl}dlo(

=( * @odhb eklg na ypo|oh}dhb |gdee% o|yoldkeet }fo rkt }n |}kp} k |yoolf(

? * @km poaeov }n mdaaopoh} gdhm| na ydl}upo|% o|yoldkeet }fo ed}}eo mo}kdeom ydl}upo|(

1( Muo }n }fo lfkpkl}opd|}dl na }fo adp|} tokp |}umoh}3 hn} òdhb u|om }n u|dhb Ohbed|f dh

lnjjuhdlk}dnh(

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23/23

2( Hn} òdhb u|om }n mo|lpdò k ydl}upo( \njo oqoh fkqo hoqop mo|lpdòm k ydl}upo &dh Ohbed|f$

òanpo(

6( @odhb uhmop ypo||upo|3 apnj }oklfop|% ed|}ohop|% oqoh jkpg|

4( ]fdhgdhb |gdee|3 rnpm `t rnpm

;9( Hn} lnh}pneedhb }fo nrh rnpm|3

;;( @km ypnhuhldk}dnh jkgo| }fo `km mo|lpdy}dnh

;0( Lnjyedlk}dhb }fo |djyeo rnpm|(

;< Tnup }oklfop| }oklfdhb jo}fnm

=% Rfk} kpo }fo |neu}dnh| rfdlf tnu fkqo u|om>

;(Mo|lpd`dhb rfk}oqop ydl}upo| tnu joo}

0( Yn||o|| }fo mo|lpd`dhb |gdee }n oklf gdhm na ydl}upo

&yeok|o |yoldat$(

(

]fkhg tnu anp tnup foey+

0

the first year students’ difficulties in picture description and some recommended solutions

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