The following schools had at least one person from their team score 100% on their quiz!

West High SchoolGeorge Washington High School

Data Analysis, Solution Selection and Preparing to Manage Change

SBOE November 2013

Introductions

• Veronica Bradsby

• Joy Peak

• Katie Wolters

Goals

• After tonight’s session you will be able to:– Use the 5Why’s Technique– Identify a Pareto Chart– Generate Solutions for your project– Choose a Solution– Begin to Understand Change Management

Today’s Agenda

• Introduction• 5 Why’s• Pareto Charts• Solution Generation• Solution Selection• Change Management – Understanding

reaction to change• Wrap up and Next Steps

A quick review

• Project Scope• Project Charter• Process Map• 5S• Voice of Customer

Remember

• Your Project Charter is meant to Guide, not Limit your project.

• If you want to make changes, you may.

• If you’ve completed your initial project, you may write a charter for your next project!

Wiki Tutorial

• Let’s take a look at the Wiki…

• dpscontinuousimprovement.wikispaces.com

5 Whys

• Determine true root causes

Turducken!!!Turkey? Or……

5 Whys? - Joey’s PizzaCustomers receive orders lateWhy?

Driver is lateWhy?

Pizza takes too long to bakeWhy?

Joey - The Baker is too busy to remember to put the pizza into the oven

Why?

Joey – The Baker does not have all of his baking supplies close by

Why?

The pizza dough is in the extra warehouse across the parking lot

5 Whys? Your TurnThink about your project:

Why?

Why?

Why?

Why?

Why?

Pareto Charts

• Determine the frequency of problems or causes in a process

• Focus on the most significant: 80-20 Rule

Pareto Charts:Joey’s Pizza

• Last month 98 complaints– Late delivery– Wrong order– Poor quality– Rude servers– Menu– Ordering process

• Where should the improvements target?

Pareto Charts:Joey’s Pizza

late de-livery

wrong order

poor quality

other rude servers

menu ordering process

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Top Complaints - Histogram

Count %

late de-livery

wrong order

ordering process

poor quality

menu other rude servers

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Top Complaints - Pareto

Count Cumulative %

Pareto Charts

• Determine where to focus your pizza shop’s improvements

• Build Lego stacks for each complaint• Create a 3-D Pareto chart• Identify target area

Pareto Charts:Your Results!

late de-livery

menu other poor quality

wrong order

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Top Complaints - Histogram

Count %

Complaint

Coun

t

%

late d

eliver

y

wrong o

rder

poor quali

tymen

uother

0

1

2

3

4

5

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Top Complaints - Pareto

Count Cumulative %

Complaint

Coun

t

Cum

ulati

ve %

Pareto Charts:College Rankings

Rank School Tuition and Fees

Total enrollment

Fall 2012 acceptance

rate

Average freshman retention

rate

6-year graduation

rate

1 Princeton University $40,170 8,010 7.9% 98% 96%

2 Harvard University $42,292 19,726 6.1% 98% 97%

3 Yale University $44,000 11,906 7.1% 99% 96%

4 Columbia University $49,138 23,168 7.4% 99% 97%

5 Stanford University $43,245 18,217 6.6% 98% 95%

5 University of Chicago $46,386 12,508 13.2% 99% 92%

7 Duke University $45,476 15,386 13.4% 97% 95%

7 Massachusetts Institute of Technology $43,498 11,189 9.0% 97% 93%

7 University of Pennsylvania $45,890 21,339 12.6% 98% 96%

10 California Institute of Technology $41,538 2,243 11.8% 98% 92%

10 Dartmouth College $46,752 6,277 9.8% 98% 96%

12 Johns Hopkins University $45,470 21,001 17.7% 97% 94%

12 Northwestern University $45,527 20,439 15.3% 97% 93%

… … … … … … …

49 University of California– Irvine $37,566 27,479 42.4% 94% 86%

2013 US News and World Reports Data

Pareto Charts:College Rankings

AveragesSchool Average Top 50 Schools

Ranking 25

Tuition and Fees $41,351

Total enrollment 19819

Fall 2012 acceptance rate 28%

Average freshman retention rate 96%

6-year graduation rate 90%

Want to know…Distribution of :• Tuition and fees• Acceptance rate• 6-year graduation rate

How do you choose which college?

Pareto Charts:College Rankings

Histogram

0-30000

30000-32500

32500-35000

35000-37500

37500-40000

40000-42500

42500-45000

45000-47500

47500-50000

50000-More

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

Tuition and Fees Histogram

Frequency Cumulative %

Pareto Chart

45000-47500

42500-45000

40000-42500

0-30000

37500-40000

35000-37500

30000-32500

47500-50000

32500-35000

50000-More

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

Tuition and Fees Pareto

Frequency Cumulative %

GENERATING AND SELECTING SOLUTIONS

Now What?

• Create the BEST solution

Solution Generation

• 3 Common Techniques– Brainstorming– Storyboarding– Nominal Group Technique

Brainstorming

• Generates many ideas in a short period of time

• Applies well to generating ideas for the future• Active and fast paced

Brainstorming

• How to:– Decide the topic – be specific– Give the group a defined goal– Set ground rules– Capture every idea – more than one scribe may be

necessary– Maintain an energetic pace– Encourage ‘add-ons’ to ideas– Encourage creative thinking

Brainstorming

• Do– Think about one process at a time– Use participants’ actual words– Know what’s next

• Don’t– Judge or evaluate ideas– Use Brainstorming to define the current state– Forget to follow up with next steps

Storyboarding

• Can ensure equal participation among group members

• Makes information visible• Allows easy categorization and prioritization• Useful for current state or future state

Storyboarding

• Let’s try it. • Think of the food you would most like to see

at a school-sponsored activity.

Storyboarding

• How to– Ask a specific question– Clarify understanding of topic– Ask group to write ideas (1 per index card)– Ask participants to post cards on a wall or other visible

surface– Allow clarification– Combine Exact duplicates– Add to cards if necessary– Categorize ideas if appropriate

Storyboarding

• Do– Be very clear regarding the topic– Involve the group as much as possible

• Don’t– Allow ambiguity in your question– Allow combining of duplicates to turn into

categorization– Forget to follow up with next steps

Solution Selection

• Consensus• 2x2• Multi-voting

Consensus

• Not just agreement– There has been thorough communication –

including listening– All participants understand each other– All agree to support the decision as if it were their

own– All agree to refrain from whining, complaining or

sabotage of the decision

2x2

• Sorts and prioritizes options

Dot-voting

• Use to narrow ideas

• Single dot – Each person is allowed one vote

• Weighted– Each person is allowed 3 votes: Top priority,

Second Priority, and Third Priority.– Each dot must be on a different item

Managing Change

2 Activities

Try This

• Fold your arms.

• Now, fold them the other way.

How did it feel when you were asked to cross your arms the other way?

Did it come naturally or did you have to stop and think about it?

Were you comfortable with doing this differently from your normal process?

What are some things that make people resistant to change?

Questions

HomeworkWho What By WhenEveryone Take Session 2 Quiz 11/30/13Everyone Project Summary to

Date:• Problem statement• Baseline Measure• What have you done

so far?• What results have

you seen so far? (Be specific!)

• At least 3 next steps

• Complete in paragraph form and post to Wiki

12/18/13

Goals

• You should now be able to:Use the 5Why’s TechniqueIdentify a Pareto ChartGenerate Solutions for your projectChoose a SolutionBegin to Understand Change Management

January

• Future state• Mistake Proofing• Kanban• Creating Awareness

Help is Available!

• Do you know how to contact your CI mentor?

• Veronica: veronica_bradsby@dpsk12.org• Joy: joy_peak@dpsk12.org• Katie: katie_wolters@dpsk12.org