the following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity: 1.loose (areolar) connective...
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The following types of connective tissue are covered in this activity:
1. Loose (areolar) connective tissue (delicate thin layers between
tissues; present in all mucous membranes)
2. Adipose tissue (fat)
3. Dense connective tissue (tendons/ligaments)
4. Hyaline cartilage (nose/ends of long bones/ribs)
5. Elastic cartilage (outer ear/epiglottis)
6. Fibrocartilage (between vertebrae/knee joints/pubic joint)
7. Bone (skeletal system)
8 Blood (bloodstream)
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 4.1 Comparison of Classes of Connective Tissues (1 of 2)
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 4.1 Comparison of Classes of Connective Tissues (2 of 2)
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Figure 4.8a Connective tissues.
(a) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar
Description: Gel-like matrix with allthree fiber types; cells: fibroblasts,macrophages, mast cells, and somewhite blood cells.
Function: Wraps and cushionsorgans; its macrophages phagocytizebacteria; plays important role ininflammation; holds and conveystissue fluid.
Location: Widely distributed underepithelia of body, e.g., forms laminapropria of mucous membranes;packages organs; surroundscapillaries.
Photomicrograph: Areolar connective tissue, asoft packaging tissue of the body (300x).
Epithelium
Laminapropria
Fibroblastnuclei
Elasticfibers
Collagenfibers
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Figure 4.7 Areolar connective tissue: A prototype (model) connective tissue.
Macrophage
Fibroblast
Lymphocyte
Fat cell
Mast cell
Neutrophil
Capillary
Cell types Extracellularmatrix
Fibers• Collagen fiber• Elastic fiber• Reticular fiber
Ground substance
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Figure 4.8b Connective tissues.
(b) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose
Description: Matrix as in areolar,but very sparse; closely packedadipocytes, or fat cells, havenucleus pushed to the side by largefat droplet.
Function: Provides reserve foodfuel; insulates against heat loss;supports and protects organs.
Location: Under skin in thehypodermis; around kidneys andeyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts.
Photomicrograph: Adipose tissue from thesubcutaneous layer under the skin (350x).
Nucleus offat cell
Vacuolecontainingfat droplet
Adiposetissue
Mammaryglands
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Figure 4.8c Connective tissues.
(c) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular
Description: Network of reticularfibers in a typical loose groundsubstance; reticular cells lie on thenetwork.
Function: Fibers form a soft internalskeleton (stroma) that supports othercell types including white blood cells,mast cells, and macrophages.
Location: Lymphoid organs (lymphnodes, bone marrow, and spleen).
Photomicrograph: Dark-staining network of reticularconnective tissue fibers forming the internal skeletonof the spleen (350x).
Spleen
White bloodcell(lymphocyte)
Reticularfibers
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Figure 4.8d Connective tissues.
(d) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular
Description: Primarily parallelcollagen fibers; a few elastic fibers;major cell type is the fibroblast.
Function: Attaches muscles tobones or to muscles; attaches bonesto bones; withstands great tensilestress when pulling force is appliedin one direction.
Location: Tendons, mostligaments, aponeuroses.
Photomicrograph: Dense regular connectivetissue from a tendon (500x).
Shoulderjoint
Ligament
Tendon
Collagenfibers
Nuclei offibroblasts
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Figure 4.8e Connective tissues.
(e) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular
Description: Primarilyirregularly arranged collagenfibers; some elastic fibers;major cell type is the fibroblast.
Function: Able to withstandtension exerted in manydirections; provides structuralstrength.
Location: Fibrous capsules oforgans and of joints; dermis ofthe skin; submucosa ofdigestive tract.
Photomicrograph: Dense irregularconnective tissue from the dermis of theskin (400x).
Collagenfibers
Nuclei offibroblasts
Fibrousjointcapsule
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Figure 4.8f Connective tissues.
(f) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic
Description: Dense regularconnective tissue containing a highproportion of elastic fibers.
Function: Allows recoil of tissuefollowing stretching; maintainspulsatile flow of blood througharteries; aids passive recoil of lungsfollowing inspiration.
Location: Walls of large arteries;within certain ligaments associatedwith the vertebral column; within thewalls of the bronchial tubes.
Elastic fibers
Aorta
HeartPhotomicrograph: Elastic connective tissue inthe wall of the aorta (250x).
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Figure 4.8g Connective tissues.
(g) Cartilage: hyaline
Description: Amorphous but firmmatrix; collagen fibers form animperceptible network; chondroblastsproduce the matrix and when mature(chondrocytes) lie in lacunae.
Function: Supports and reinforces;has resilient cushioning properties;resists compressive stress.
Location: Forms most of theembryonic skeleton; covers the endsof long bones in joint cavities; formscostal cartilages of the ribs; cartilagesof the nose, trachea, and larynx.
Photomicrograph: Hyaline cartilage from thetrachea (750x).
Costalcartilages
Chondrocytein lacuna
Matrix
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Figure 4.8h Connective tissues.
(h) Cartilage: elastic
Description: Similar to hyalinecartilage, but more elastic fibersin matrix.
Function: Maintains the shapeof a structure while allowinggreat flexibility.
Location: Supports the externalear (pinna); epiglottis.
Photomicrograph: Elastic cartilage fromthe human ear pinna; forms the flexibleskeleton of the ear (800x).
Chondrocytein lacuna
Matrix
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Figure 4.8i Connective tissues.
(i) Cartilage: fibrocartilage
Description: Matrix similar tobut less firm than that in hyalinecartilage; thick collagen fiberspredominate.
Function: Tensile strengthwith the ability to absorbcompressive shock.
Location: Intervertebral discs;pubic symphysis; discs of kneejoint.
Photomicrograph: Fibrocartilage of anintervertebral disc (125x). Special stainingproduced the blue color seen.
Intervertebraldiscs
Chondrocytesin lacunae
Collagenfiber
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Figure 4.8j Connective tissues.
(j) Others: bone (osseous tissue)
Description: Hard, calcifiedmatrix containing many collagenfibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae.Very well vascularized.
Function: Bone supports andprotects (by enclosing);provides levers for the musclesto act on; stores calcium andother minerals and fat; marrowinside bones is the site for bloodcell formation (hematopoiesis).
Location: Bones
Photomicrograph: Cross-sectional viewof bone (125x).
Lacunae
Lamella
Centralcanal
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Figure 4.8k Connective tissues.
(k) Others: blood
Description: Red and whiteblood cells in a fluid matrix(plasma).
Function: Transport ofrespiratory gases, nutrients,wastes, and other substances.
Location: Contained withinblood vessels.
Photomicrograph: Smear of human blood (1860x); twowhite blood cells (neutrophil in upper left and lymphocytein lower right) are seen surrounded by red blood cells.
Neutrophil
Red bloodcells
Lymphocyte
Plasma
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Given the previous outline and examples
Can you name?
First, the tissue type
Second, where in the body the tissue is found
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
delicate thin layers between tissues; present in all mucous membranes
Loose (areolar) connective tissue
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Adipose tissue
fat
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Dense connective tissue
tendons; ligaments
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Hyaline cartilage
nose; ends of long bones; ribs
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Elastic cartilage
outer ear; epiglottis
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Fibrocartilage
between vertebrae; knee joints; pubic joint
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Bone
skeletal system
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Blood
bloodstream