the forgotten and cursed wetlands of gulf of mannar -degraded wetlands & shrunken genitals

8/14/2019 The Forgotten and Cursed Wetlands of Gulf of Mannar -Degraded wetlands & Shrunken Genitals

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n| y|ig nh wei Cydb `b Mfhhfr ricn`h `hd~

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w r n|(

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h`w fh nhgnlfwn`h `b y|idi||hi||: `h wei l`hwrfr~ nw gih`wi| nw| qrngig crfhgiyr(


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Sn|g`m gfshig yq`h y| sefw si l`ydg h`w yhgir|wfhg wer`yce `yr |wrylwyrig difrhnhc fo`yw

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nh wei |lihi f| |fng nh f Wfmnd qrìro$ wei dfgdi| wefw sf| |wylj nh wei wefwle ef| oicyh w` |l``q

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snwe fh fnr `b gnchnw~.(

\dihgir dnhi oiwsiih òdnn`h fhg lyr|i

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senle si `yr|idi| efi lrifwig(_iby|nhc w` ril`chn{i

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Wei nhb`rmfwn`h wefw si efi fdrifg~ c`w br`m wei fcrnlydwyri giqfrwmihw cfi y| wei giwfnd| `b 65lr`q| lydwnfwig fhg nw| frif `b lìrfci( Nw ldifrd~ mihwn`hig ws` lr`q| lydwnfwig iih nh 69

eilwfri|( Wei |yrqrn|nhc wenhc wefw si h`wnlig sf| wefw myle `b wei dfhg sf| mfrjig f| bfdd`s fhg

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`mn||n`h(Weih si rfn|ig wei `weir g`yow( E`s lfh wei dfhg wefw n| fdd`sig o~ wei bfrmir| w` cr`s qr`|`qen| kydnbirf %idn jfryid. w` cihirfwi nhl`mi wer`yce lefrl`fd mfjnhc oi wirmig f| b`dd`s dfhg( Vynljlfmi wei riqd~ wefw qr`|`qen| n| h`w fh `bbnlnfdd~ ril`chn{ig lr`q( Wefw n| se~ wei dfhg nh senleqr`|`qen| n| cr`sh n| h`w nhldygig fhg wei giqfrwmihw ril`rgig nw f| f bfdd`s dfhg(Qr`|`qen| fhg WefrffnQr`|`qen| n| iuwih|nid~ cr`sh wefh fh~ `weir lr`q( Nw cihirfwi| m`ri nhl`mi fhg imqd`~mihwl`mqfrig snwe `weir lr`q| h`wnbnig o~ wei fcrnlydwyrfd fhg e`rwnlydwyrfd giqfrwmihw|( Nhbflw nw rifdd~eidqig wei dfhg`shir| nh wefw gr~ wrflj se` oyrhw weinr bnhcir| snwe `weir lr`q|( Oyw h`wenhc n|g`lymihwig `bbnlnfdd~ fo`yw qr`|`qen| -nw| qròdim| fhg qr`|qilw|$ nw| d`hc wirm nmqflw `h weidnidne``g|$ wei dnhjfci| nw cihirfwig iwl(iwl( We`yce nw n| n|nodi nw ciw yhh`wnlig( Wefrffn| fri fd|`

bflnhc wei |nmndfr bfwi( \nhli wei fgmnhn|wrfwni ri|q`h|nondnw~ n| h`w qr`qird~ bnuig$ h`wenhc n|g`lymihwig fo`yw nw( C`w ef| b`rc`wwih nw( N| weiri fh~ gnbbirihli oiwsiih w`wfdd~ b`rc`wwih fhgoinhc lyr|ig0


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9

Cydb b Mfhhfr Wei hd~ |if snwe f Wfmnd hfmi( Wei h`mihldfwyri `b wei Cydb `b Mfhhfr n| we`ycew

qr``jnhc( Wei s`rg Mfhhfr$ girni br`m Wefdfnmfhhfr$

f \rndfhjfh W`sh %fd|` hfmig fbwir f gn|wrnlw.$ nmqdni|

wefw wen| frif s`ydg efi oiih yhgir wei lfri fhg

l`hwr`d `b wei \rndfhjfh Wfmnd| nh wei qf|w( Efg nw oiih

yhgir wei l`hwr`d `b mfnhdfhg %Nhgnf. Wfmndnfh|$ nw s`ydg

efi oiih hfmig f| Cydb `b _fmf/ _fmf|iwey$ Cydb `b

Gefhy|j`gn `r Rfdnh`jjfm( Sefwiir nw mf~ oi$ nw n| f

bifweir nh wei lfq `b Wfmnd$ wefw f |if$ wefw w`` f o`sid

`b on` gnir|nw~ `b wei s`rdg$ f |if wefw cihirfwig dnbi fhg

|y|wfnhig nw$ n| hfmig fbwir Wfmnd(

Oyw wei Cydb `b Mfhhfr %C`M. seiri QFG sf| s`rjnhc sf| h`w wefw myle fbbilwig$ |` nw sf|

h`w cnih wefw myle nmq`rwfhli( @hi

lfhh`w eidq gi|lrnonhc w|yhfmn$ f

odi||nhc nh gn|cyn|i b`r nw or`fgihig `yrjh`sdigci fhg |efrqihig `yr nhwiddilw

fo`yw mfrnhi il`|~|wim fhg mfrnhiof|ig dnidne``g|( Qi`qdi wfdjig m`ri

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wei mfrnhi il` |~|wim fhg weirio~

f||nchig f eir`nl |wfwy| nh wei mfrnhi il`|~|wim(Où; Cydb b MfhhfrWei hd~ |if snwe f Wfmnd hfmi(

\``h wei nmqflw `b w|yhfmn fhg wei

di||`h| difrhw o~ nw oicfh w` gndywi snwe wei nhwr`gylwn`h `b wei l`hwrìr|nfd \iwey Lfhfd Qr`kilwo~ wei C`w `b Nhgnf( Nw b`rlig qi`qdi w` wfdj fo`yw Cydb `b Mfhhfr( Wei `nli| nh ence qnwle b`r

fhg fcfnh|w wen| qr`kilw ildnq|ig `weir n||yi|/ |yokilw|$ qfrwnlydfrd~ `b mfhcrì b`ri|w$ b`r nw|

qdfli fhg nmq`rwfhli sf| lfqwyrig o~ L`rfd _iib|$ senle fri foyhgfhw nh wei C`M( L`rfd riib|oilfmi wei his eir`(

Wei nr`h~ n| o`we w|yhfmn fhg \iwey Lfhfd Qr`kilw n| f||`lnfwig snwe mfrnhi il` |~|wim$ h`hilfrig w` wfdj fo`yw wefrffn$ senle n| fd|` ld`|id~ f||`lnfwig snwe mfrnhi il`|~|wim( @yr

iuqilwfwn`h `b eifrnhc `hi `r ws` `nli| nh |yqq`rw `b wefrffn| %l`f|wfd siwdfhg il` |~|wim.

rimfnhig oyw f grifm( Nw n| `yr bfydw wefw iih fbwir |iinhc f rynhig sfdd %bdfsig wenhjnhc fhgqrn`rnwni|. si sihw weiri w` jh`lj `yr eifg fcfnh|w nw(

9( Iuqirw| yhgir|wfhgnhc `b wefrffn-wei l`f|wfd siw dfhg

Nb wei m`yhwfnh gì|hw l`mi w` wei qr`qeiw$ wei qr`qeiw ef| c` w` wei m`yhwfnh( Seih si b`yhg

wefw wefrffn| fri oinhc hicdilwig o~ wei |yokilw iuqirw|$ si gilngig w` miiw weim fhg |iijnhcweinr fgnli( Oyw si siri `hli fcfnh giiqd~ gn|fqq`nhwig b`r fdd `b weim nhfrnfod~ efg wei |fmi

`qnhn`h fo`yw wefrffn wefw n| h`wenhc oyw f siwdfhg(

Wei iuwih|ni fhg iuefy|wni gn|l`yr|i| `h siwdfhg|$ wei hiig fhg nmq`rwfhli `b qr`wilwnhc nw$

wei _fm|fr L`hihwn`h snwe l`hwnhihwfd iufmqdi|$ oyw h` fsfrihi|| fo`yw wei iun|wihli `b

siwdfhg %wefrffn. nh C`M rimnhgig y| `b l`mignfh| nh bndm| se` oifw fr`yhg wei oy|e(2

2( @yr miiwnhc snwe iuqirw| `b mfrnhi il` |~|wim bfndig w` ~nidg wei gi|nrig jh`sdigci$ b`rwei~$ gi|qnwi weinr sngi jh`sdigci `b l`f|wfd il` |~|wim$ mfhcrì b`ri|w| fhg l`rfd riib| bfndig

w` ihdncewih y| `h wefrffn$ senle n| fh nmq`rwfhw fhg nhgn|qih|nodi l`mq`hihw `b C`M il`

|~|wim( Wei nhwirflwn`h mfgi `hi wenhc ldifr wefw wefrffn n| l`mm`hd~ jh`sh f| siw dfhg( Oywwei qi`qdi nh|wifg y|nhc |fweyqqy hndfm %|sfmq~ frif$ mfr|e~ dfhg `r |fdw mfr|e~ dfhg.$ y|i f

yhnvyi wirm$ wefrffn nh `rgir w` cihirfdn{i$ wei iuqirw| oyddg`{ig wei yhnvyi bifwyri `bwefrffn fhg lfwic`rn{ig nw f| siwdfhg( H` g`yow wefrffn ef| lirwfnh l`mm`h lefrflwirn|wnl| `b

siwdfhg$ oyw weiri fri yhnvyihi|| w``( Wei nmqdnlfwn`h `b wei wirm wefrffn n| |wndd giiqir( Wei


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2

O`u; Wefrffn f| |e`sh nh wei mfq|

qnw~ n| wefw iih we`|i se` fdyi siwdfhg|$ nw| q`|nwni r`di nh mfnhwfnhnhc on` gnir|nw~$

|y|wfnhnhc bd`rf fhg bfyhf$ b`r nw| rnlehi|| fhg birwndnw~ bfndig w` fqqrilnfwi wei hfwyri fhgbyhlwn`h `b wefrffn(

We`yce wefrffn| efi oiih weiri b`r cihirfwn`h|$ si l`ydg cfweir nhb`rmfwn`h br`m idgird~

qi`qdi$ se` nh weinr ~`ywe efqqihig w` |ii wefrffn nh |`misefw c``g b`rm(


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3

Wefrffn l`hirwig nhw` |fdwqfh| hifr Qirnf|fmnqyrfm

3( WefrffnQi`qdi| yhgir|wfhgnhc

Nh we`|i gf~| seih wefrffn sf| bnddig snwe sfwir$ nw h`w `hd~ qriihwig wei |iiqfci `b |if sfwir$

oyw fd|` ``{ig `yw bri|e sfwir nhw` wei |if( O`we `h wei si|wirh |ngi %dfhg oiwsiih wefrffn fhg

C`M. fhg if|wirh |ngi$ nw ihrnleig cr`yhg sfwir senle sf| |siiwir wefh wei wihgir l`l`hyw( Weil`monhig vyfdnw~ `b wei |`nd fhg wei sfwir ri|ydwig nh wei ihrnlemihw `b birwndnw~ w` |yle fh iuwihw

wefw iih nb si |qnw hfnd| wefw l`ydg ~nidg f efri|w `b bdi|e~ bnhcir|(

W`gf~| Rimofr n| h`wig b`r bn|enhc sf| nh we`|i gf~| bfm`y| b`r qfdm kfccir~ fhg wihgir oiwfd(Weiri n| f b`dj |`hc cd`rnb~nhc wei vyfdnw~ `b oiwfd difi| lydwnfwig eiri( Lydwnfwn`h `b oiwfd

difi| rivynri| rncew w~qi `b |`nd fhg c``g vyfdnw~ `b sfwir( Wei frif efg o`we |` nw sf| q`||nodi(

Wei qfdm wrii| `b wen| frif y|ig w` |ilriwmfhhf dnji sfwir %qfwefhiir. fhg wefw

cfi f yhnvyi vyfdnw~ `b knccir~ b`r senle

wei frif sf| bfm`y|( Seih wei idgir|

y|ig w` |fnd nhw` wei |if b`r bn|enhc$ weilendgrih s`ydg qnlj bn|e br`m wefrffn

dnji qioodi|( Oyw w`gf~ wei |fmi wefrffnqri|ihw| f |fg qnlwyri senle cni| fhi~i|`ri( Nw n| bydd `b we`rh~ oy|ei|( Iih

wei grnig yq wfhj| `bbir f lefhli `b

lydwnfwnhc lylymoir$ oyw wi wefrffn fwqri|ihw |wfwi w`wfdd~ eidqdi|| nh wen| ricfrg(

Wefrffn sf| wei cfwi sf~ w` wei |if( Nw |irig f| f |snmmnhc q``d w` wei lendgrih$ oib`ri wei~

ihwir nhw` wei |if( Qi`qdi efi h`w wfjih wefrffn sfwir b`r grnhjnhc qyrq`|ig gnrilwd~$ oyw weilfwwdi gryhj nw( Seih sfwir sf| weiri nh wefrffn$ nw ihircn{ig fhg cfi dnbi w` iir~wenhc nh wei

dfhg f| sidd f| nh wei |if(

Wei w`wfd wrfh|b`rmfwn`h fhg gicrfgfwn`h `b weinr |snmmnhc q``d `hli$ wei ihircn{ir `b

iir~wenhc nhw` f sf|widfhg `b we`rh~ oy|ei| fc`hn{ig weim( Wei ir~ |ncew n| fh i~i|`ri senle

mfji| weim mihwfdd~ yq|iw(

\` f|w fh frif nb nw n| d`lfwig hifr f lnw~$ s`ydg efi oiih y|ig o~ wei myhnlnqfd fywe`rnwni| f| f

|`dng sf|wi gymqnhc ~frg `r ihlr`fleig o~ wei qi`qdi b`r l`h|wrylwn`h `b e`y|i|: nh wei l`f|wfd

frif s`ydg efi oiih l`hirwig nhw` |fdwqfh| `r qrfsh bfrm|$ senle nh gyi l`yr|i$ s`ydg efid`|w nw| ywndnw~ fdyi fhg oil`mi f gr~ fhg yhy|fodi dfhg( Oyw h`wenhc |nchnbnlfhwd~ efqqihig dnji

wefw nh C`M wefrffn|( Si difrhw wefw f q`rwn`h nh `hi `b wei wefrffn ef| oiih l`hirwig nhw`

|fdwqfh| o~ wei c`irhmihw nw|idb fhg fo`rwni fwwimqw| w` i|wfodn|e qrfsh bfrm| siri fd|` mfgi(

Nh |`mi frif| bfrmir| ihlr`fleig wefrffn(

Cydb `b Mfhhfr n| gildfrig f| f Hfwn`hfd Mfrnhi Qfrj fhg nw n| `hi `b wei b`yr on` ri|iri|

ril`chn{ig o~ YHI\L@ nh Nhgnf( Ihnr`hmihwfdn|w| wer`yce`yw wei s`rdg fri wfjnhc nhwiri|w nhqri|irnhc wen| rfri cnbw `b hfwyri( Onddn`h| `b ryqii| n| q`yrig nhw` wei C`M$ w` qr`wilw fhg

|y|wfnh nw$ f e`mi b`r rfri |qilni| `b mfrnhi dnbi$ |if crf||$ |if siig fhg l`rfd riib|(


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5

Ldifr qnlwyri `b wefrffn |iih hifr Rimofr

Cydb `b Mfhhfr n| m`ri wefh f |if( Nw mncew oi wei qffrjfgfd %Mndj \if. f| mihwn`hig nh Enhgym~we`d`c~( Wei mndj |if n| wei fo`gi `b D`rg Rn|ehy$ wei qr`wilw`r `b dnbi$ wefw n| se~ C`M n|

efro`rnhc on`gnir|nw~ fhg cihirfwnhc his dnbi b`rm|(

Cydb `b Mfhhfr mncew oi wei Mndj \if %Qffrjfgfd.$ `r id|i gr`q| `b hilwfr mncew oi bfddih nhw`

wefw seih wei lidi|wnfd oinhc| crnhgig wei |if w` iuwrflw hilwfr( @r id|i qi`qdi vyi|wn`h$ e`sl`ydg wen| |if n| ihg`sig snwe rnle on`gnir|nw~(

Wefrffn| fri fvyf b`rw| lrifwig o~ M`weir Hfwyri( B`rw| wefw si jh`s l`h|n|w `b nhwirn`r fhg

iuwirn`r( Oyw wen| hfwyri mfgi b`rw| fri yhnvyi snwe`yw nhwirn`r| fhg iuwirn`r|( Nw| mydwnfrn`y|

byhlwn`h| nhldygi |w`rnhc `b sfwir| `b Rimofr fhg Jyhgfr _nir|$ qriihwnhc wei |iiqfci `b |ifsfwir nhw` wei dfhg fhg ihrnlenhc wei cr`yhg sfwir nh wei frif |yrr`yhgnhc nw$ ``{nhc `yw bri|e

sfwir nhw` wei |if gyrnhc d`s wngi weirio~ lrifwnhc f l`hcihnfd fwm`|qeiri b`r wei lrifwyri| nh

wei |if oi|ngi| |yqq`rwnhc yhnvyi bd`rf fhg bfyhf(

Iuqirw| f||nch |iirfd

rif|`h| b`r weiyhnvyihi|| `b Cydb `bMfhhfr f| f |if n|

|yqq`rwnhc on` gnir|nw~(

Oyw wei qi`qdi bidw wefw$ nwn| wei qri|ihli `b

wefrffn| fd`hc wei C`M

fhg wei hilwfr nw oidniig

w` ``{i `yw nhw` wei |if n|fd|` `hi `b wei rif|`h b`r

wei yhnvyihi|| `b C`M$

w` mfji nw f| `hi `b weis`rdg| s`hgirbyd |if(

5( Qi`qdi fhg wei Iuqirw|(

Si |``h rifdn{ig wei gnbbirihli oiwsiih qi`qdi fhg wei iuqirw| `nlnhc weinr l`hlirh| fo`yw fhn||yi( Qi`qdi iuqri|| weinr yhgir|wfhgnhc h`w wer`yce dfhcyfci oyw wer`yce |~mo`d| fhg |nch|$

sendi wei |le`dfr| iuqri||i| nw nhwiddilwyfdd~ fhg y|i| wei cfro `b dfhcyfci w` iuqri|| weim|idi|

iuqdnlnwd~( Oyw giid`qmihw s`rjir| |e`ydg bnhg f nf mignf senle yhnwi o`we( @hi ef| w`fqqrilnfwi qi`qdi| oidnib| fhg biidnhc| fhg fw wei |fmi wnmi weiri |e`ydg oi |lnihwnbnl fqqr`flew` i|wfodn|e ridnfondnw~( Si %QFG. b`yhg gnfd`cyi fhg qfrwnlnqfwn`h mf~ |e`s wei rncew qfwe( B`r

si rifdn{ig qriww~ sidd wefw y|nhc qfrwnlnqfw`r~ miwe`g| fd`hi l`ydg `irl`mi wei imofrrf||nhc

|nwyfwn`h `b iuqirnihli fhg sn|g`m oinhc `ywsnwwig fhg |l`rhig o~ |efdd`s nhwiddilw( M`girhigylfwn`h mfji| mfk`rnw~ `b y| |` efycew~ fhg si gn|ri|qilw w` wei s`rdgd~ sn|i fhg wei

iuqirnihlig( Wei`riwnlfd jh`sdigci wrni| w` `irq`sir qrflwnlfd sn|g`m wefw sf| cfnhig wer`yce

lihwyrni| `b iuqirnihli fhg qrflwnli(

>( Siw dfhg- Sfwir- M`n|wyri- " Qrf~ir|(

Nw n| nhwiri|wnhc w` jh`s e`s wei s`rdgd~ sn|i fhg |le`dfr| gnbbir weim|idi| nh weinr

yhgir|wfhgnhc `b siw dfhg| w` senle wefrffn oid`hc(


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>

Iirf Hndfm %siw dfhg. fhg Wefrn|y Hndfm %gr~ dfhg.iirfm mifh| siw senle |~mo`dn{i|mirl~ `r |~mqfwe~( Nw n| wei siw eifrw %iirfmffhf mfhf|y. mfji| eymfh oinhc| `yw `b bdi|e fhg

o`hi|( Yh|~mqfweiwnl$ gr~ eifrw mfji| y| w` oi f oif|w( Si g` fqqrilnfwi rfnh| ky|w oilfy|i nwmfji| wei |`nd siw/m`n|wyrn{i| fhg mfji nw |ynwfodi b`r lydwnfwn`h( Se~ si qrf~0 oilfy|i

qrf~ir m`n|wyrn{i| `yr eifrw fhg mnhg$ |` wefw si lfh oi |~mqfweiwnl wer`yce`yw `yr dnbi( Siwdfhg n| fh ihircn{irnw n| dnji cihwdi orii{i nw n| dnji rfnh nw n| dnji |`dfr eifw fhg dyhfr l`dg(

Si fri |yrqrn|ig w` dn|wih fhg difrh br`m wei nddfcir| wei sf~ wei~ rinhb`rlig `yr bfnwe fhgnhwiri|w nh siw dfhg| %wefrffn.

61( Mfh~ gnmih|n`h| `b sfwirWeinr qirliqwn`h `b wefrffn imirci| br`m weinr qirliqwn`h `b sfwir( Nw n| h`w yh|lnihwnbnl oyw nw

c`i| oi~`hg |lnihli( Wei l`d`rdi||$ `g`rdi||$ wf|widi|| dnvyng f||ymi| gnbbirihw vyfdnw~

giqihgnhc `h wei |`nd nw ryh| wer`yce( Wen| n| sefw iir~ igylfwig qir|`h| difrhw nw br`m wei wiuw

o``j|( Fdf| `yr yhgir|wfhgnhc ky|w |w`qqig weiri( Si fri yhfodi w` l`hwimqdfwi fhg byrweir

l`h|wrylw f mifhnhc oi~`hg nw( Sefw si efi difrhw nw br`m wei qi`qdi sfwir n| h`w wenhch`w

f l`mm`gnw~nw ef| dnbi nw n| fh ihirc~ fhg nw bd`s|nw miwfm`rqe`|n|nw i`di| br`m `hiw` fh`weir(

Nw sf| igylfwni w` dn|wih br`m fh idgird~ bfrmir fo`yw sfwir( M~ hfmi n| Fdfcyqfhgn( \`h `b

Y{efy Mfhnljfm( N qdf~ mfh~ r`di| nh dnbi( \`h w` m~ qfrihw|$ bfweir w` m~ lendgrih$ crfhg qfw` m~ crfhg lendgrih$ |`h-nh-dfs$ bfweir nh dfs$ or`weir iwl( Oi|ngi| N fm f brnihg$ b`i$ hiqeis$

hinceo`r$ l`rhir e`y|i Qfhgn( Seih fh `rgnhfr~ mfh dnji mi qdf~| mfh~ gnbbirihw r`di| nh f

|nhcdi dnbi$ lfhh`w sfwir$ wei dnbi cnir fhg dnbi |fir wfji mfh~ m`ri r`di|(

Seih sfwir bd`s| wer`yce f rnir nw n| rnir sfwir$ seih nw riflei| wefrffn nw oil`mi| gnbbirihw(

Seih nw ``{i| `yw nhw` wei |if nw oil`mi ihwnrid~ gnbbirihw( Nw n| dnji f |`h / o`~ oil`mnhc f orngi

cr``m$ f ey|ofhg$ bfweir$ bfweir

nh

dfs fhg bnhfdd~ oil`mi f crfhgqf(

Sendi si |nw nh br`hw `b weim$ weinr m`ywe| |qrnhjdi weinr |fdnf nh senle lihwyrni| `b sn|g`m

|fwyrfwig snwe$ bdf|ei| nhw` `yr bfli( Oyw si efi w` fcrii wefw m`ri wei~ bdf|e weinr |fdnf wei

sn|ir si cr`s(

66( Se` n| ri|q`h|nodi b`r giwirn`rfwn`h0

Wei sngihnhc `b `yr yhgir|wfhgnhc fo`yw wefrffn wefw w`` cfnhig br`m wei qi`qdi b`rlig y| w`|e``w wei qirwnhihw vyi|wn`h$ seih ~`y fri |` sidd fsfri `b wei nmq`rwfhli `bwefrffn se~ gng

~`y fdd`s nw w` giwirn`rfwi0( Vynlj lfmi wei riw`rw( H` `hi lfh oi odfmig b`r wei giwirn`rfwn`h

`b wefrffn( Mn|qdflig qrn`rnwni| `b we`|i se` fri nh wei eidm `b fbbfnr|$ fnmnhc fw wei vynlj

riwyrh| rfweir wefh sfnwnhc b`r wei qirmfhihw fhg |y|wfnhfodi ri|ydw|$ |eiir nhfondnw~ w` f||i|| weinmq`rwfhli fhg nhwirridfwn`h|enq oiwsiih wei wenhc| si fdyi$ fhg m`ri wefh wefw wei of|nl

eymfh f||ymqwn`h wefw wei crf|| `h wei `weir |ngi n| criihir wefw mfji| y| w` nch`ri sefw dni|

oihifwe `yr biiw( H` `hi nh qfrwnlydfr oyw fdd `b y| fdd`sig nw w` giwirn`rfwi( Weinr |efrq riw`rw$ friidfwn`h `b weinr mihwfd mfwyrnw~$ ornhc| w` dnmidncew weinr qirbilw yhgir|wfhgnhc `b lyrrihw

q`dnwnl| fhg q`dnl~ mfjnhc qr`li|| fhg wefw m`wnfwi| y| w` nhwr`|qilw(


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61

Si s`hgirig se~ wei|i qi`qdi rimfnhig qf||ni |qilwfw`r| seih weinr qrnmi |`yrli `b

dnidne``g sf| |yokilwig w` |d`s$ |wifg~ oyw |yri gilf~ oib`ri weinr `sh i~i|( Sf| nw weinr

nch`rfhli `r nhgnbbirihli `r nhfondnw~ `r fdd l`monhig w`ciweir0 Weinr yhgir|wfhgnhc `b lyrrihw

|nwyfwn`h fhg sf~ wei~ fhfd~{i wei l`hwimq`rfr~ mfwwir| ldifrd~ qrì wefw wei~ fri h`w fw fddnch`rfhw( B`r iufmqdi$ nb si f|j weim w` `qnhi wei dfyhlei| senle ky|w |siiq fsf~ iih wei

bnhcirdnhc| nh weinr bn|enhc frif fhg giqrni weim `b weinr dnidne``g$ we`yce wei~ gn|dnji fhgfhcr~ snwe wei dfyhle `shir|$ wei~ ky|w riifd wefw we`yce wei dfyhle `shir| flw n| h`w

ky|wnbnfodi$ e`s l`ydg wei~ iih qf~ wei nhwiri|w b`r dfje| `b ryqii| wei~ efi o`rr`sig br`mofhj| fhg m`hi~ dihgir|$ difi fd`hi wei riqf~mihw `b d`fh$ nb wei~ g` iwenlfd bn|enhc dnji y|(

Wei~ iih qriimqw wei fg`lfwi| `b nhldy|ni wenhjnhc( Wei~ fdsf~| |ii wei `weir |ngi `b weil`nh w``(

,Oil`mnhcfqr`bi||n`hfdWei s`rg| `b sn|g`m `b f |nmqdi$ qdfnh |q`jih bn|eirmfh sendi

mihgnhc en| hiw| nh en| |`ndig fhg w`rh `yw dyhcn|$ senle l`ydg h`w engi iih en| |eryhjih cihnwfdfri s`rwe dn|wihnhc(

\nr$ Rimofr fhg Jyhgfr _nir| fri wei mfnh sfwir ri|`yrli| wefw bnddig wen| wefrffn w` nw| ornmoib`ri wei~ rfh nhw` wei Cydb `b Mfhhir( Nw n| oyw hfwyrfd b`r fdd rnir| w` ryh nhw` |if snwe nw|

ìr bd`snhc sfwir$ qfrwnlydfrd~ gyrnhc rfnh~ |if|`h( Oyw weiri n| f mn|l`hliqwn`h fo`yw wen|

hfwyrfd qeih`mih`h( Nw sf| l`h|wrylwig wefw wei rnir sfwir ryhhnhc nhw` |if sf| sf|wi( Qirefq|wei bfrmir| se`|i lydwnfodi dfhg| dni bfdd`s gyi w` |lfrlnw~ `b sfwir mf~ oi hncew( Oyw b`r y| f|

`hi| b``g n| `weir| q`n|`h$ wei lyr|i `b bfrmir| n| wei odi||nhc `b bn|enhc l`mmyhnw~ b`r wei

yhn`h `b rnir fhg |if sfwir qr`ngi| rncew l`hgnwn`h b`r wei bn|ei| w` oriig( Wei gnbbirihli

oiwsiih wei qrn`rnwni| `b bfrmir| fhg bn|eirmih n| wei r``w lfy|i `b fdd iihwyfdnwni|( Weibn|eirmih rimfnh| fh nhn|nodi qfrw `b wei |`lniw~ fhg eihli sifj$ sendi wei bfrmir qri|ihw|

enm|idb f| fh nmq`rwfhw fhg nhgn|qih|fodi qfrw `b wei |`lniw~ fhg eihli q`sirbyd( Mncew n| rncew(

Nb wei bfrmir| biid wefw wei rnir sfwir n| ryhhnhc nhw` wei `lifh sf|wibydd~$ wei cìrhmihwhfwyrfdd~ gnirw| nw w` wei oihibnw `b wei bfrmir|(

Oyw fdd `b ~`y l`hihnihwd~ b`rciw `r bfndig w` yhgir|wfhg `r qriwihg h`w w` yhgir|wfhg wefw fdd

sfwir| `b fdd rnir| g` h`w ryh nhw` wei |if( Nhbflw wei sfwir| `b Cyhgfr fhg Rimofr _nir| ryhnhw` wei |if `hd~ fbwir l`mqdiwnhc weinr mn||n`h `b bnddnhc wei wefrffn$ senle n| lfqfodi |w`rnhc

efdb `b wei Cfhci|( îw b`rlig o~ wei mn|yhgir|wfhgnhc$ wei cìrhmihw l`h|wrylwig m`ri wefh

21 leilj gfm| nh Cyhgfr _nir fd`hi w` gnirw wei sfwir weiri o~ gih~nhc sfwir senle n| gyi b`r`yr wefrffn(

Wei nr`h~ n| wefw wei |fmi qi`qdi fri nhbyrnfwig seih gfm| fri oyndw flr`|| Orfemf Qywrf$

Lfyir~$ Qffdfr _nir| o~ Lenhi|i$ Jfhhfgnfh| fhg Fhgernwi| ri|qilwnid~( Wei |fmi qi`qdise` gihnig sfwir w` `yr wefrffn| fri |iijnhc `yr |`dngfrnw~ w` iuqri|| `yr `qq`|nwn`h w` wei

foì cìrhmihw|( Nb si sfhw w` rini `yr wefrffn si efi w` bncew snwe `yr `sh bfrmir| fhg

cìrhmihw w` cni `yr rncew |efri `b sfwir$ senle sndd ri|ydw nh rim`nhc `b |iirfd leilj gfm|l`h|wrylwig flr`|| wei rnir(

We`yce wefrffn n| f sfwir o`g~$ sfwir |w`rfci fhg sfwir efri|wnhc qdfli$ nw n| hinweir f wfhj h`r

f dfji h`w iih f q`hg h`r gì| nw efi f qfrwnlydfr l`mmfhg frif w` nrrncfwi yq`h( Efg wefw


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oiih wei lf|i$ l`mmfhg frif bfrmir|$ wei f~flywwefr| %`r wei oihibnlnfrni|. s`ydg efi b`ycew

b`r weinr rncew fhg qr`wilwig wei wefrffn( H` `hi `shig wefrffn( Wei ihwnri frif ihk`~ig nw|

oihibnw| seih nw sf| nh c``g l`hgnwn`h( Oyw h` `hi l`mi| w` nw| ri|lyi seih nw giwirn`rfwig( @yr

l`h|wfhw fwwimqw w` bnhg his fihyi| b`r dnidne``g fhg wei |ylli|| si cfnhig$ mfji y| frr`cfhww` gibilfwi `h wei c`dgmnhi| yhgir `yr `sh biiw( We`|i se` efi h` fdwirhfwni$ we`|i se` fri

lefnhig w` dfhg$ bfrmnhc fhg bn|enhc$ wei~ `hd~ s`rr~ fo`yw wefrffn fhg wei~ rimfnh q`sirdi||(Où; Mfefoefrfwef fhg Q_F %Qfrwnlnqfw`r~ _yrfd Fqqrfn|fd.

Wei bn|eirmfh snwe se`m si siri wfdjnhc sf| |` ihcr`||ig nh mihgnhc en| hiw wefw ei gnghwlfri w` h`wnli wefw en| dyhc~ n| h`s l`mqdiwid~ r`ddig yq fhg iuq`|ig bydd~ en| |eryhjih cihnwfd(

Seih `hi `b y| |nchfdig enm w` fgky|w en| dyhc~$ ei w``j nw dncewd~ fhg mfgi f k`nfd l`mmihw$

Mfefoefrfwef fhg Q_F %Qfrwnlnqfw`r~ _yrfd Fqqrfn|fd.

Nh `rgir w` nh`di qi`qdi nh wei qr`wilwn`h fhg mfhfcimihw `b wei on` ri|iri$ wei Cydb `b MfhhfrOn` _i|iri Wry|w$ fg`qwig |wrfwicni| wefw efi oiih y|ig nh wei on`- ri|iri| fhg |fhlwyfrni|( Cydb`b Mfhhfr l`f|wfd frif| sf| iuwih|nid~ |yri~ig snwe wei eidq `b wei h`hcìrhmihwfd `rcfhn{fwn`h|snwe f qrìh qr`bi||n`hfd wrflj ril`rg w` yhgir|wfhg qi`qdi$ wei sf~ wei~ y|i wei ri|`yrli| `b C`M$sefw qr`ligyri| fhg qr`crfmmi| lfh oi gi|nchig snwe`yw ki`qfrgn{nhc wei dnidne``g| fhg qr`wilwnhc

wei on` ri|iri/ mfrnhi qfrj( Wei nhnwnfd |yri~ riq`rw| fri ffndfodi nh wei sio fhg nw n| ricriwwfodiwefw weiri n| h` ribirihli fo`yw wei wefrffn| %siwdfhg|. fhg nw| l`hwrnoywn`h w` dnidne``g| fhgmfnhwihfhli `b on` gnir|nw~(

F|j ~`y sndd oi cnih

B`r fh fcrnlydwyri ridfwig |wyg~$ si efg w` c` w` f his nddfci$ wei mfnh lr`q `b senle sf| mfhc`(Si jhis h` `hi nh wei nddfci fhg wei qfrwnlnqfw`r~ iuirln|i| gi|nchig b`r wei |wyg~ gimfhgig fc``g rfqq`rw snwe wei nddfcir|( Nh `rgir w` f`ng yhhili||fr~ gidf~ nh nhwr`gylnhc `yr|idi| fhgi|wfodn|enhc rfqq`rw snwe wei l`mmyhnw~$ si we`ycew `b ciwwnhc eidq br`m fh nhbdyihwnfd `bbnlnfd se` n|jh`sh w` wei nddfci l`mmyhnw~ fhg ri|qilwig o~ weim( Si fqqr`fleig fh `bbnlnfd nh wei e`rwnlydwyrfdgiqfrwmihw fhg ei ef| fcriig w` eidq y| o~ n|nwnhc wei nddfci fhg ihfodi y| w` bflndnwfwi wei Q_Fiuirln|i| f| si qdfhhig( Wei fll`mqfhnmihw `b wefw `bbnlnfd snwe y| fhg en| qri|ihli gng f mfcnl nh

wei l`mmyhnw~( Bflndnwfwn`h ef| oil`mi |` qdif|fhw( Nhb`rmfwn`h sf| dnwirfdd~ q`yrnhc( Vynljd~ sii`dig f mfwrnu fhg wei qfrwnlnqfhw| siri qywwnhc nh wei mfwrnu fo`yw wei giwfnd| `b gnbbirihw frniwni|`b mfhc`| lydwnfwig%


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6?

difi nw |nr$ nw n| fd|` grnig yq dnji `yr wefrffn fhg eihli y|idi||( Ei l`hwnhyig en| s`rj `b

mihgnhc en| hiw|(

Seih si siri riwyrhnhc `hi `b wei |wfbb rimfrjig wefw fbwir dn|wihnhc br`m wei bn|eirmfh$ ei n|l`hnhlig fo`yw sefw wei qi`qdi w`dg fo`yw wefrffn$ fhg nw| l`hwrnoywn`h nh wei qf|w$ n| wryi w` nw|

i||ihli( Seih si f|jig enm sefw mfgi enm w` l`hldygi dnji wen|$ ei riw`rwig w` `yr |yrqrn|i(We`yce ydcfr$ wei miwfqe`r ei y|ig sf| vynwi l`hnhlnhc( Wei idgird~ bn|eirmfh snwe se`m

si siri wfdjnhc efg f onc bfmnd~( Nh wei qf|w ei sf| wei mnh`r %qdf~ o`~. `b wei nddfci( En|l`mqfrn|`h `b en| |eryhjih cihnwfd fhg wei grnig yq wefrffn mfji| nw ldifr( O`we |e`ydg efi

oiih flwni$ birwndi fhg y|ibyd nh we`|i gf~|( Wen| l`mqfrn|`h nh f sf~ |eig `yr g`yow| `b wei

cd`rn`y| qf|w `b wei wefrffnfhg l`hnhlig wefw wefrffn| mncew efi l`hwrnoywig b`r weirnlehi|| `b dnbi nh wei frif(

6?( Qyodnl S`rj| Giqfrwmihw(Wei qyodnl s`rj| giqfrwmihw %QSG. wefw mfhfci| fhg l`hwr`d sfwir ri|`yrli| nh Wfmndhfgy

|nhli wei gf~| `b Ornwn|e rydi$ l`h|ngir| rnir|$ wfhj| fhg dfji| fd`hi f| sfwir ri|`yrli|( Nw df~|

g`sh lirwfnh lrnwirnf dnji ofhj|$ o`rgir|$ o`yhgfrni|$ nhdiw| fhg `ywdiw| fhg foì fdd |qilnbnll`mmfhg frif| b`r wfjnhc lfri `b( F| wefrffn gì|hw |fwn|b~ fh~ `b wei|i lrnwirnf$ nw gì| h`w

l`mi yhgir nw| qyrnis / qrn`rnw~( Wefrffn n| f siw dfhg wefw |w`ri rfnh sfwir wndd nw ciw|ifq`rfwig( Wei sfwir fhg wei dfhg nh senle nw n| |w`rig$ fhg wei frif senle oihibnw br`m sfwir$

l`mi| yhgir wei qyrnis `b gnbbirihw cìrhmihw giqfrwmihw|( Oyw nw n| f mnddn`h g`ddfr vyi|wn`h

yhgir se`|i l`hwr`d fhg mfhfcimihw |yle siw dfhg| dnji wefrffn l`mi| nh Nhgnf nh cihirfd fhgWfmnd Hfgy nh qfrwnlydfr(6

the forgotten and cursed wetlands of gulf of mannar -degraded wetlands & shrunken genitals

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