The FranksThe Franks

Notes p. 277-285Notes p. 277-285

*please note all unlabeled graphics are courtesy of Microsoft

I. Charles the HammerI. Charles the HammerA. A. After Clovis, Frankish kings were After Clovis, Frankish kings were

weak; divided kingdom among weak; divided kingdom among sons→they foughtsons→they fought

B. Govt official “Mayor of the Palace”B. Govt official “Mayor of the Palace”– Conducted warsConducted wars– Gave out landGave out land– Settled disputesSettled disputes

C.C. Most powerful was Most powerful was Charles MartelCharles Martel; wanted ; wanted reunite all Frankish noblesreunite all Frankish nobles

““The Hammer” b/c of his strength in The Hammer” b/c of his strength in battlebattle

In 732 led Battle of Tours (against the In 732 led Battle of Tours (against the Arabs & Berbers); Franks won; enabled Arabs & Berbers); Franks won; enabled Christianity to surviveChristianity to survive

D.D. Pepin (his son) became Mayor and Pepin (his son) became Mayor and removed the king & took over removed the king & took over

– 1st Frankish leader to be anointed, or 1st Frankish leader to be anointed, or blessed w/holy oil, by Popeblessed w/holy oil, by Pope

– Pepin fought the Lombards & gave the Pepin fought the Lombards & gave the land of central Italy to Popeland of central Italy to Pope

Vatican CityVatican City

http://internationalagprograms.okstate.edu/studyabroad/Italy%20Study%20Abroad/Italy_Study_Abroad_Leon_Spicer.htm

•Smallest country in the world

•110 acres

•Has a population of approximately 829 (all are religious clergy or guards)

•Protected by the Swiss Guard (aka Vatican Guard)

•Size comparison:http://www.xefer.com/2010/12/vatican-city

II. CharlemagneII. Charlemagne

A.A. Pepin died in 768Pepin died in 768

B.B. His son, Charles, became king; His son, Charles, became king; known as known as CharlemagneCharlemagne (“Charles the (“Charles the Great” in French).Great” in French).

C.C. Wanted to bring Wanted to bring all of western all of western Europe under Europe under his rulehis rule

D.D. Defeated the Defeated the Lombards & Lombards & SaxonsSaxons

E. Created a large E. Created a large empireempire

http://encarta.msn.com/media_461527136/Charlemagne's_Empire_in_800.html

a. A Christian Empirea. A Christian Empire

A. A. Charlemagne became the most powerful Charlemagne became the most powerful leader in western Europeleader in western Europe

B. B. Wanted close ties between the Church & Wanted close ties between the Church & governmentgovernment

– Church official kept records & helped run Church official kept records & helped run country; Charlemagne appointed bishops & country; Charlemagne appointed bishops & regarded any act against the church as being regarded any act against the church as being disloyal to himdisloyal to him

government church

-Christmas day 800, Pope -Christmas day 800, Pope declared Charlemagne as new declared Charlemagne as new Roman Emperor and crowned him; Roman Emperor and crowned him;

-Charlemagne was displeased→felt -Charlemagne was displeased→felt right to rule came from God, not right to rule came from God, not the Pope.the Pope.

C. Charlemagne was a C. Charlemagne was a wise and just rulerwise and just ruler

– Had Had countscounts take care take care of local problems, of local problems, stop feuds, protect stop feuds, protect the poor, and raise the poor, and raise armiesarmies

D. Capital was D. Capital was Aachen, but Aachen, but traveled aroundtraveled around

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ZAn-ABmM9m4/ScwCKdD1MAI/AAAAAAAAFqM/c_sJg-ooMxM/s400/The+Count.bmp.jpg

b. Educationb. Education

A. Most could not read or writeA. Most could not read or write

B. Charlemagne kept a slate next to his bed B. Charlemagne kept a slate next to his bed to practice writingto practice writing

C. C. CHARLEMAGNE HAD A SCHOLAR, CHARLEMAGNE HAD A SCHOLAR, ALCUIN, START A SCHOOLALCUIN, START A SCHOOL

– STUDIED RELIGION, LATIN, MUSIC, STUDIED RELIGION, LATIN, MUSIC, LITERATURE, AND ARITHMETICLITERATURE, AND ARITHMETIC

– TEACHERS DEVELOPED A NEW TEACHERS DEVELOPED A NEW FORM OF WRITING THAT USED FORM OF WRITING THAT USED LOWERCASE LETTERSLOWERCASE LETTERS; took up less ; took up less space & easier to readspace & easier to read

D.D. Arts flourished againArts flourished again

– Artists covered palace and church walls with Artists covered palace and church walls with pictures from the Biblepictures from the Bible

c. Collapse of the Empirec. Collapse of the Empire

A.A. Charlemagne died in 814Charlemagne died in 814(he was 64…old age at the time & was ill with a fever)(he was 64…old age at the time & was ill with a fever)

B. B. Louis the Pious (his son) divided the land Louis the Pious (his son) divided the land among his three sons, who fought. They among his three sons, who fought. They divided western Europe into smaller divided western Europe into smaller territories.territories.