North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

• Was the North American version of the Seven Years War.

• The name refers to the two main enemies of the British: – the French– American Indian forces (fighting with the

French).

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin representatives representatives fromfrom New England, NY, MD, PA New England, NY, MD, PA

A Albany CongressAlbany Congress failed Iroquois failed Iroquois broke off relations with broke off relations with Britain & threatened to Britain & threatened to trade with the French. trade with the French.

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

AWheat do you think it Wheat do you think it means/represents?means/represents?

Join, or DieJoin, or DieJoin, or DieJoin, or Die

AA famous political cartoon created by Benjamin Franklin A famous political cartoon created by Benjamin Franklin and first published in his Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, and first published in his Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 17541754

AA snake severed into eighths, with each segment A snake severed into eighths, with each segment labeled with the initial of a British American colony or labeled with the initial of a British American colony or region. However, North England was represented as one region. However, North England was represented as one colony, rather than the many states it has now.colony, rather than the many states it has now.

AShows the importance of colonial unityShows the importance of colonial unity

Join, or DieJoin, or DieJoin, or DieJoin, or Die

Native American tribes Native American tribes exploited both sides! exploited both sides!

Lord Lord LoudouinLoudouin

Marquis Marquis de Montcalmde Montcalm

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

A He understood colonial concerns.He understood colonial concerns.

A He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. >Br. would reimburse col. assemblies would reimburse col. assemblies forfor their costs. their costs.

RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale Colonial morale increased by 1758. increased by 1758.

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

** By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s It greatly enlarged England’s debt.debt.

3.3. Britain’s contempt for the Britain’s contempt for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials