the french revolution · french economy on the eve of the revolution •increasing deficit...
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French Economy on the Eve of the Revolution• Increasing deficit
Why?
Costly Wars
Lifestyle of Monarchs
Disparity in Wealth
Deficit spending
Loss of credit
Poor harvests
Unseasonably wet or dry
weather
French Economy on the Eve of the Revolution• Increasing deficit
• Inflation and rising costs
Costly Wars
Lifestyle of Monarchs
Disparity in Wealth
Deficit spending
Loss of credit
Poor harvests
Unseasonably wet or dry
weather
The Estates General of 1789
Little used
assembly of
delegates that
advise the king
when called…
Delegates
represented each of
the three estates
The Estates General of 1789
Little used assembly of
delegates that advise the
king when called…
Refused to meet by
traditional means. 1
estate = 1 vote
Declare themselves the
National Convention
The Estates General of 1789
Tennis Court Oath:
delegates of 3rd Estate
gather and demand a
constitution!
Declare themselves the
National Convention
October 1789• Angry crowd, mostly women march to Versailles, demand
the king and royal family return with them to Paris.
Notable Achievements
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
• Constitution of 1791 creates a constitutional monarchy
Louis XVI attempts to flee the Austrian Netherlands. • What message does that send to supporters of both the revolution
and the new constitutional monarchy?
Violence in Paris (1792)
Riots threaten the king and his family
Royal palace attacked
“September Massacres”
Imprisoned nobles and clergy are killed
The National Convention (1792-1795)
• Democratic reforms
• Abolishes monarchy (No more king)
• New Constitution
Universal male suffrage
A Republic Established
• Monarchy and nobility are abolished – Louis Capet (Louis XVI) is put on trial for treason
• Louis Executed in January, 1793
• Marie Antoinette Executed that October
French Expansion• France tries to expand territory and spread ideals of the Revolution
The Rise of Napoleon
The Committee of Public Safety and the Terror
• Committee created by the National Convention that had almost complete control
• Led by 12 men
• Goal = Stabilize the Revolution
• Led by Robespierre
The Directory• 1795 = New constitution
Only male property owners can vote
• Bicameral Legislature
• The Directory (1795-1799) 5 man executive branch (co-presidents)
Very weak, very corrupt
Napoleon’s Reforms
• Public works projects
• More religious freedom
• Civil service open to all qualified
• Napoleonic Code – Uniform law code, stressed equality
• Government school system
Concordat of 1801
•Catholicism was declared the religion of the majority of Frenchmen.
•Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution.
•Bishops subservient to the regime.
Napoleon’s Empire Grows
• Conquerors most of Europe through warfare and diplomacy
• Continental System – closed European ports to British trade Why would he do this?
Why would many European leaders object to this??
How do you think the people of Europe felt about the French ruling and influencing them?
Invasion of Russia1812
• Russian Czar Alexander I withdraws from Continental System
• Napoleon and over 600,000 troops begin the invasion (400,000 actually invade in August)
General Famine and General Winter
• Begins retreat in October
• About 10,000 troops of the Grand Army return
The End?
• 1813 – Napoleon abdicates, is exiled to Elba
• Louis XVIII is named king of France
• Napoleon then escapes with a ship and his personal guard. He reclaims control in France
Napoleon’s 100 Days
• June 18, 1815 – Napoleon’s army meets Allied (English, Prussian, Netherlands) army.
• Napoleon is defeated, abdicates, and is exiled to St. Helena
Congress of Vienna
• Meeting of European leaders
• Goal = establish the balance of power in Europe
• Led by Clemens von Metternich